大熊猫源双歧杆菌分离株的培养特性及药敏试验

双歧杆菌的培养特性和药敏试验是研究双歧杆菌微生态制剂的基础。从大熊猫新鲜粪便中分离的两株双歧杆菌进行细菌培养、药敏试验及耐温驯化等研究发现,改良肉汤培养基是双歧杆菌大熊猫分离株体外增殖理想的培养基;2个双歧杆菌大熊猫分离株均对红霉素、氯霉素等敏感,对青霉素等产生较高的耐药性;在较高温度下双歧杆菌大熊猫分离株能迅速地增殖,代谢能力大为提高,并与其他乳酸菌协同发酵,抑制致病菌的生长。双歧杆菌大熊猫分离株在体外生长良好,不是广谱的耐药菌株。     

6株猪源芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其益生性研究

本研究旨在通过高温处理和常规厌氧菌分离法从健康肥猪粪便中分离芽孢杆菌,并通过培养性状、生化试验、PCR、肠道耐受、抗菌活性和接种试验动物等方法鉴定筛选性状稳定、优良的益生性芽孢杆菌。结果显示,共分离到6株芽孢杆菌,其中1株巨大芽孢杆菌、1株死谷芽孢杆菌、2株解淀粉芽孢杆菌和2株枯草芽孢杆菌;分离菌对多黏菌素和青霉素耐药性较强,对其他12种常用药物较敏感,对致病性大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果较好;4种芽孢杆菌均可在酸性、高胆盐和高温条件下生存,特别是巨大芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌耐受能力较强;分离的芽孢杆菌对小鼠均无致病性,其中巨大芽孢杆菌和死谷芽孢杆菌有较明显的促进试验动物生长的作用。结果提示,巨大芽孢杆菌和死谷芽孢杆菌可作为益生性芽孢杆菌的初步选择。     

地衣芽孢杆菌在养殖业中的应用研究进展

地衣芽孢杆菌具有拮抗有害微生物、产酶、促生长等优良特性,应用广泛。本文对地衣芽孢杆菌的生物活性、作用机理及应用效果等进行概括,以期为地衣芽孢杆菌在养殖业中的应用提供参考。     

猪场常备药物与正确使用

为窄谱杀菌性抗生素,在细菌繁殖期起杀菌作用。主要对青霉素敏感菌所致疾病的治疗。其毒性小,内服仅有少量吸收,故不宜内服。主要用于败血症、肺炎、肾炎、乳腺炎子宫内膜炎等。本药为猪丹毒首选特效药,也用于创伤感染、手术去势等伤口撒布。可出现过敏反应,严重者可用肾上腺素进行抢救。1.青霉素G(青霉素钾、钠)(1)应用常作为治疗革兰氏阴性和阳性球菌、革兰氏阳性杆菌、放线菌、螺旋体等感染的首选药。对青霉素敏感的病原菌有链球菌.葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、脑膜炎球菌、猪丹毒杆菌、化脓棒状杆菌、炭疽杆菌、破伤风梭菌、李氏杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌、等。大多数革兰氏阴性杆菌对青霉素不敏感。     

液体饲料发酵剂－绿安酵素对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

贵州遵义绿安牧业有限公司生产的绿安酵素液体发酵剂,主要成分为乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌、双歧杆菌、产酶菌、麦芽等,按比例加水和玉米发酵后的产品富含乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌、双歧杆菌、多种酶、发酵生长因子等.本试验研究了绿安酵素对断奶仔猪的应用效果,现介绍如下.     

牛坏死杆菌病的诊断与治疗

自然界存在诸多坏死杆菌,一旦牛等畜禽自身缺乏疾病抵御能力,或是因缺乏科学合理的伺养管理等,将极有可能感染牛坏死杆菌病。进而直接影响牛的正常生长,为此有必要加强对牛坏死杆菌病的科学诊断与有效治疗。     

珍珠鸡沙门杆菌药物敏感性检测

试验对广东省顺德北窖珍珠鸡场的沙门杆菌药物敏感性进行了研究.通过泄殖腔拭抹物接种和细菌形态学检查、生化试验、血清学的鉴定分离得到沙门杆菌,利用纸片法对分离所得到的沙门杆菌进行41种抗菌药物的药敏试验.结果表明:沙门杆菌对青霉素、卡那霉素等27种药物极敏,约占65.85%;对链霉素、呋喃妥因等3种药物高敏,约占7.32%;对红霉素等2种药物中敏,约占4.88%;对阿莫西林、利福平等9种药物低敏,约占21.95%.     

禽巴氏杆菌病疫苗研究进展

综述了国内外禽巴氏杆菌病疫苗的研究现状和趋势,对禽巴氏杆菌病灭活疫苗、弱毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、免疫复合物疫苗、基因疫苗等的研究进展进行了概述,重点阐述了禽巴氏杆菌病亚单位疫苗和基因工程疫苗等新型疫苗的研究进展,为进一步研究和开发新的禽巴氏杆菌病疫苗,从而有效控制禽巴氏杆菌病提供了一定的参考.     

复方“黄蓝”口服液的药理实验观察

复方“黄蓝”口服液的中药材采购于商丘市医药公司,方剂组成由黄连、板蓝根、大青叶、黄芩、金银花、北柴胡、甘草组成.使用新鲜深井水适量,用文火煎煮二次,二次药液混合后,用四层消毒沙布过滤,过滤液备用.本口服液为治疗温热病的清热解毒剂.从现代药理学的研究来看,本方剂口服液药物,对溶血性链球菌、白喉杆菌、枯草杆菌、脑膜炎球菌、绿色链球菌、肺炎双球菌、霍乱弧菌、炭疽杆菌均有抑制作用;对伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、八联球菌、变形杆菌、百日咳杆菌、鼠疫杆菌、布氏杆菌、破伤风杆菌、肺炎杆菌、大肠杆菌、产气荚膜杆菌,结核杆菌等亦有效[1].其主要药理作用在抗病原微生物和清热解毒的作用,抗炎作用及对免疫功能的影响等几个方面[2],笔者在实验过程中选择了以抗炎抗菌,解热解毒为主的方剂,对巨噬细胞功能的影响等指标.     

里默杆菌属细菌的分类及新种发现与命名

在目前的细菌分类中,拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）黄杆菌科（Flavobacteriaceae）的里默杆菌属（Riemerella）由鸭疫里默杆菌（Riemerella anatipestifer ）和鸽里默杆菌（Riemerella columbina ）两个种组成。有研究者分离鉴定到家鸽源表型特征类似于黄杆菌科里默杆菌属成员的菌株,并被建议命名为鸽咽喉里默杆菌新种（Riemerella columbipharyngis sp．nov）。论文对里默杆菌属的分类进展及对里默杆菌属、鸭疫里默杆菌、鸽里默杆菌种的修订描述和鸽咽喉里默杆菌新种的描述等进行了综述。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.