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间作绿肥作物对玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
在甘肃省河西绿洲灌区,通过田间试验研究了间作不同绿肥作物及不同翻压措施对玉米产量、经济性状、土壤肥力和土壤微生物数量的影响。结果表明:第一年玉米间作草木樨压青处理的产量最高,为12 523 kg/hm2,较单作玉米增产6.4%;第二年麻豌豆压青处理的玉米产量最高,为16 726 kg/hm2,较对照增产6.7%,草木樨压青处理次之,增产4.2%;绿肥压青处理的产量均高于根茬处理与对照;玉米间作针叶豌豆压青处理能促进微生物活动,其中细菌数量较对照增加60.3%。玉米间作草木樨、麻豌豆和针叶豌豆并压青处理具有较好的增产、培肥效果。 相似文献
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Chemical characteristics of humic substances in soils with different mineralogical characteristics and under different utilization paterns in Zhangpu,Fujian Province,together with two pairs of cultivated soils in North China Plain were studied by chemical analysis,visible and IR spectroscopy and ^13C NMR spectrometry.For soils in Zhanpu the HA/FA ratio and both the aromaticity and the degree of humification of HA were higher in soils with montmorillonite as the predominant clay mineral than in those with kaolinite as the predominant clay mineral,provided these soils were under the same utilization pattern.While for each pair of soils with similar mineralogical characteristics the HA/FA ratio was higher and the C/H ratio and the contnet of carboxyl group of HA were lower in paddy soil than in upland soil.Among the upland soils(or paddy soils)studied the Ha/FA ratio of soil in Zhangpu with kaolinite as the predominant clay mineral was the lowest,and that of soil in Zhangpu with montmorillonite as the predominant clay mineral was the highest .the lowest.and that of soil in Zhangpu with montmorillonite as the predominant clay mineral was the highest It was concluded that the presence of montmorillonite favored the fromation and maturation of humic acid. 相似文献
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不同种类绿肥翻压对土壤肥力的影响 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13
通过模拟试验,研究了旱地翻压箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)、苕子(Vicia villosa Roth. Var.)和山黧豆(Lathyrus palustris l. Var. Pilosus ledeb)三种绿肥对土壤肥力特性的影响。试验结果表明,在绿肥翻压腐解过程中,土壤pH(原始pH值为5.95)均呈现出先升高后降低最后趋于平缓的趋势,在翻压0~25 d内高于不翻压绿肥对照,之后始终低于对照。翻压绿肥处理的土壤有机碳含量均高于对照,增幅为1.6%~6.2%。土壤无机氮含量显著高于对照,无机氮形态0~20 d以铵态氮为主,30~70 d以硝态氮为主,翻压70 d时,硝态氮含量较对照增加了15倍以上。翻压绿肥后土壤速效磷的含量均高于对照,增幅为11.9%~37.7%。翻压绿肥的土壤速效钾含量在翻压15 d时达最高且均比对照增加1.5倍以上。不同绿肥对土壤养分特性的影响不同,山黧豆处理的土壤pH变化幅度最大,土壤有机碳和无机氮含量最高,箭筈豌豆处理的土壤速效钾和速效磷含量最高。本试验条件下,三种绿肥翻压均能够改变土壤pH值,提高土壤硝态氮和速效钾含量,土壤有机碳和速效磷含量略有增加。 相似文献
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采用大田试验方式研究华北地区冬绿肥生态适应性。试验设置冬闲、二月兰、毛叶苕子、黑麦、黑麦草、毛叶苕子二月兰混播、毛叶苕子黑麦混播7个处理,分析其养分累积及其对翻压前土壤养分的影响。结果表明,供试冬绿肥翻压前生物产量为4991~7262 kg/hm2,氮、磷、钾累积吸收量分别为121.5 ~191.4、26.8~41.9、140.7~261.5 kg/hm2,显著高于冬闲处理。其中,毛叶苕子氮吸收量最高,黑麦磷、钾吸收量最高;冬绿肥翻压前土壤硝态氮、有效磷含量显著降低,土壤速效钾含量显著增加。研究结果为冬绿肥种植减少土壤氮、磷养分淋失和钾素固持提供了理论支持。 相似文献
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以长期定位试验为基础,设置7个紫云英和化肥施用配比试验处理,以探索施用绿肥情况下减施化肥对土壤养分、持水和供水能力的影响。结果表明:在翻压紫云英条件下,即使不施化肥土壤氮也可基本得到满足,应适量施用化学钾肥,必须合理施用磷肥,以保证土壤全量和速效养分得到平衡和持续供给,化肥施用量减少未显著降低水稻产量;土壤持水、供水能力在处理间的趋势表现为:紫云英+40%化肥紫云英+60%化肥紫云英+80%化肥、紫云英+100%化肥单施100%化肥、单施紫云英CK,与CK相比,其它6个处理田间持水量提高了1.6%~15.4%,有效含水量增幅更大,平均提高1.5%~30.5%,说明紫云英化肥配施能显著提高土壤的持水、供水能力,且化肥施用量越少效果越好,而单施化肥或单施紫云英效果有限。因此,紫云英施用量一定时(22 500 kg/hm~2),化肥施用量应减少至40%甚至更低。 相似文献
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长期施用有机肥和磷肥对潮褐土土壤有机质及腐殖质组成的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
采用长期肥料定位试验,研究了施用有机肥和磷肥对土壤有机质、腐殖质含量与组成的影响。结果表明:与本试验布置时的基础土样相比,连续10年隔年施用有机肥、有机肥和磷肥配施使土壤有机质增加了8.4%~17.3%,单施磷肥土壤有机质下降了7.8%~10.7%,其差异均达显著水平;与P0M0相比,单施磷肥、有机肥、有机肥和磷肥配施处理的土壤中有机质分别增加了2.9%~6.2%、24.8%~29.8%、25.2%~35.1%;土壤腐植酸总量及胡敏酸含量与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关关系;施用磷肥利于土壤富里酸的积累,并影响土壤胡富比。 相似文献
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稻田绿肥轮作提高土壤养分增加有机碳库 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:14
综合评价中国南方不同稻田绿肥轮作模式,筛选与优化绿色高效的稻田多熟种植系统,有利于南方双季稻区农业可持续发展。通过田间试验,研究不同绿肥轮作模式(A冬闲-稻-稻→冬闲-稻-稻(对照)、B紫云英-稻-稻→油菜/花生-稻、C油菜/花生-稻→马铃薯/玉米+大豆-稻、D马铃薯/玉米+大豆-稻→蔬菜/花生+玉米-稻、E蔬菜/花生+玉米-稻→紫云英-稻-稻)对土壤养分中pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾及总有机碳库、活性有机碳、碳库管理指数的影响。结果表明:绿肥轮作各处理的土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾均显著高于对照处理(P0.05),增加幅度分别为8.73%~15.59%、11.79%~19.64%和5.80%~37.19%。绿肥轮作处理B、C的总有机碳质量分数与对照相比有显著(P0.05)增加,分别增加了15.59%、11.19%。与对照相比,绿肥轮作B、C、D、E均可以显著(P0.05)提升土壤活性有机碳质量分数,提高幅度分别为29.03%、19.96%、16.67%和21.75%。与冬闲对照处理相比,绿肥轮作系统中处理B的土壤碳库指数显著(P0.05)增加了15.70%。相比冬闲对照处理,绿肥轮作处理B、C、D、E的土壤碳库管理指数分别显著(P0.05)增加了32.07、21.32、17.91和23.74,其中紫云英-稻-稻→油菜/花生-稻种植模式达到最大。土壤有机质与全氮、有效磷、总有机碳、活性有机碳、碳库管理指数存在极显著(P0.01)的相关性,土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷均与碳库管理指数存在显著的相关性(P0.05)。此外,总有机碳与活性有机碳和碳库管理指数存在极显著的相关性(P0.01)。可见在当地土壤肥力条件下,绿肥轮作尤其是紫云英-稻-稻-油菜/花生-稻能提高土壤有机碳质量分数和土壤碳库管理指数,有利于改善土壤质量,提高土壤肥力,为建立农田可持续的土壤管理和土地利用提供科学依据和参考价值。 相似文献
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生物质炭的性状与原料中木质纤维含量密切相关,为探明不同原料生物质炭对土壤腐殖质组成的影响,选取玉米秸秆和紫茎泽兰分别作为纤维类和木质类原材料制备生物质炭,向酸性紫色土分别添加5%玉米秸秆生物质炭(MB)和5%紫茎泽兰生物质炭(EB),测定90 d室内培养期间土壤胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)、胡敏素(HM)含量以及HA光学性质和元素组成变化。结果表明:MB和EB的比表面积分别为2.32 m2·g-1和0.72 m2·g-1,总孔体积分别为42.71 mm3·g-1和12.59 mm3·g-1,碳与氢元素摩尔比(C/H)分别为1.91和1.46,氧、硫之和与碳元素摩尔比[(O+S)/C]分别为0.09和0.16,玉米秸秆生物质炭的吸附能力更强、有机质成分的缩合度更大且氧化度更小。与对照(不添加生物质炭,CK)相比,培养结束后,施入生物质炭的土壤HA、FA和HM含量分别显著增加(P<0.05)65.59%~102.82%、85.87%~118.54%和137.25%~161.23%,MB处理对这3种腐殖质含量的增加效应较EB处理更明显。培养结束时添加生物质炭的土壤HA/土壤有机碳(SOC)降低13.53%~27.06%,FA/SOC降低6.81%~18.03%,其中EB处理的降低效应达显著水平;HM/SOC则增加4.58%~11.40%,其中MB处理的增加效应达显著水平。添加生物质炭的土壤HA色调系数(ΔlgK)增加2.40%~5.60%,HA的缩合度(C/H)降低3.51%~11.81%,(O+S)/C增加1.51%~8.74%。总体来看,施入生物质炭均能相对增加腐殖质各组分含量,降低C/H,提高HA的氧化度[(O+S)/C],且纤维类原料(玉米秸秆)生物质炭的效果更明显。纤维类原料(玉米秸秆)生物质炭显著提高了稳定性较高的土壤胡敏素碳比例(HM/SOC),但降低了土壤HA的稳定性[HA的C/H降低,(O+S)/C增加];木质类原料(紫茎泽兰)生物质炭显著降低土壤胡敏酸碳比例(HA/SOC)和富里酸碳比例(FA/SOC),对HM/SOC增加效益不显著,反之提高了土壤易分解有机碳比例。 相似文献
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通过盆栽试验研究了3种夏绿肥(羊角豆、柽麻、决明)种植和翻压对设施土壤养分和盐基离子含量的影响,旨在为温室大棚夏季休闲期种植绿肥改良土壤提供科学依据。结果表明:1)种植羊角豆、决明、柽麻60 d后,与对照处理相比,羊角豆、决明、柽麻处理均显著增加了土壤的有效磷含量,增加比例分别为8.6%、13.2%、25.7%;羊角豆和决明处理显著降低了土壤电导率,降低比例分别为25.0%和33.3%,对设施土壤次生盐渍化具有显著的改良趋势。决明、柽麻处理显著降低了(K~++Na~+)/(Ca~(2+)+Mg~(2+)),降低比例分别为17.0%、35.6%,有助于土壤胶体的凝聚和土壤团粒结构的形成。2)绿肥翻压110 d后,与对照处理相比,羊角豆和决明处理电导率变化不显著,柽麻处理显著增加了电导率,增加比例为50.0%。羊角豆、决明、柽麻均显著增加了土壤的速效钾含量,增加比例分别为23.7%、5.7%、9.4%;羊角豆和决明处理显著增加了土壤全氮含量,增加比例分别为17.8%和26.0%;决明、柽麻均显著降低了(K~++Na~+)/(Ca~(2+)+Mg~(2+)),降低比例分别为24.1%、18.5%,表明3种绿肥翻压后,培肥效果显著。3)综合来看,种植绿肥有显著改良土壤次生盐渍化的趋势,而绿肥翻压后培肥效果更为显著。因此,温室大棚夏季休闲期,可通过种植生长周期短、吸附能力强的夏绿肥降低土壤的盐基离子总量,改良土壤,但不宜翻压。3种夏绿肥中,推荐决明作为设施大棚夏季休闲期改良土壤的填闲作物。 相似文献
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Mitsuru Harada 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):73-79
In most literature on soil, the term humus has been used as synonymous with soil organic matter, on the other hand, it has been applied to a portion of soil organic matter that has decomposed and has lost the structure of the original matter, from which it has derived. Scheffer and Schachtschabel 1) defined the humus not synonymously with soil organic matter, but, in a broad sense, as all the dead organic substances which are accumulated on the soil surface as well as in the soil layer, and undergo continually decomposition, alteration, and synthetic reactions. According to them, the composition groups of humus are divided into non-humic and humic, and the latter group is sub-divided into (1) fulvic acid and humo-lignin acid, (2) humic acid, (3) humin, and (4) humus coal. Some natures of these composition groups of humus are shown in Table 1. 相似文献
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Journal of Soils and Sediments - Ammonia oxidation is the rate-limiting step in nitrification. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) are the key drivers of the nitrogen cycle. Chinese... 相似文献
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A long-term field experiment was initiated in November, 1967 at Research Area of Department of Soil Science to study the response of nitrogen to pearl millet-wheat cropping system at various doses and modes of farmyard manure application. The soil organic carbon increased with farmyard manure application and ranged from 0.68% in control to 1.82% in the plot receiving the highest annual dose (90 Mg ha?1) of farmyard manure. To study the contribution of farmyard manure on the productivity of pearl millet and wheat crops, the constants (intercept and slope) were determined between the grain yield of pearl millet and wheat crops with increasing dose of fertilizer nitrogen. Another linear regression was fitted between the intercept of the linear model and the soil organic carbon content. It has been observed that with each unit increase in the soil organic carbon, the productivity of pearl millet increased by 273 kg ha?1 and that of wheat by 1591 kg ha?1. The regression between the slope and soil organic carbon was linear in case of pearl millet (R2 0.49) but in case of wheat there was no relationship. 相似文献
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秸秆深还对土壤腐殖质组成和胡敏酸结构特征的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
以辽宁省阜新县试验基地培肥3年的草甸褐土为研究对象,设CK(不施秸秆)和CS(秸秆深还施用量为24 000 kg hm-2)2个处理,每个处理随机选取3个采样点,采集深度为0~20 cm和20~40 cm。采用腐殖质组成修改法提取水溶性物质(WSS)、胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)和胡敏素(Hu),研究秸秆深还对土壤腐殖质各组分含量的影响,并提取土壤胡敏酸(HA)固体样品进行结构表征。研究表明:秸秆深还更有助于表层土壤及其各腐殖质组分WSS、HA、FA和Hu有机碳含量的积累,分别较CK增加了33.11%、26.39%、11.09%、9.197%和18.55%,亚表层土壤WSS有机碳含量变化不显著,但HA和Hu的含碳量降低;表层和亚表层土壤PQ值的变化不显著;表层和亚表层土壤HA,缩合度变大,分子结构变复杂,芳香结构增加,热稳定性相对提高,亚表层土壤HA脂族结构稳定性增强。 相似文献
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In 1946 BREMNER et al.(1) suggested a theory that, in soils, polyvalent metals are combined with organic matter as metal-organic matter complexes, and that these complexes are insoluble in solvents that do not themselves form complexes with metals. The principle of one of the most prevailing methods for humus extraction, the neutral sodium pyrophosphate extraction proposed by BREMNER and LEES (2), is a corollary of the theory. 相似文献
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通过2种化肥用量、5种翻压绿肥量组成的10个处理田间小区试验,研究云南红壤翻压绿肥量对烟草农艺性状及线虫危害的影响。结果表明,烟草叶片大小、株高、茎粗与翻压绿肥量呈显著或极显著正相关;烟草采收末期,红壤寄生性线虫和非寄生性线虫数量随着翻压绿肥数量的增加而趋于增加,烟草根结线虫危害级别与翻压绿肥量呈极显著负相关。因此,翻压绿肥改善了烟草养分供给,促进了烟草生长,增强了烟草抗御线虫危害的能力,对烟草根结线虫危害起到了防治作用。生产上通常翻压绿肥15 000 kg/hm2,以达优质适产。 相似文献