稻鸭共育对超级稻田稻飞虱控制和蜘蛛种群数量的影响

通过田间试验,研究了稻鸭共育对稻田稻飞虱控制和蜘蛛种群数量的影响,并进行了经济效益分析。结果表明,稻鸭共育对稻田稻飞虱和天敌蜘蛛数量具有较大影响。与不养鸭的稻田相比,稻鸭共育后20d和50d,稻飞虱数量减少45．93％和66．83％;稻鸭共育还增加了稻田害虫天敌蜘蛛的数量,稻鸭共育田平均每百丛稻的蜘蛛数量分别是不养鸭稻田的1．59和1．60倍。此外,稻鸭共育还提高了稻田经济效益,稻鸭共育田比对照田经济收入要高22％。     

稻田养鸭稻鸭双丰收

阐述了稻田养鸭的重大意义,总结了稻鸭共育的优点,从场地选择、品种选择、适时放养、合理密度、稻鸭管理等方面阐述了稻鸭共育的主要技术措施,并通过成本对比表明该项技术,经济效益显著。     

稻田养鸭 稻鸭双丰收

阐述了稻田养鸭的重大意义，总结了稻鸭共育的优点，从场地选择、品种选择、适时放养、合理密度、稻鸭管理等方面阐述了稻鸭共育的主要技术措施，并通过成本对比表明该项技术，经济效益显著。     

宜春市稻鸭共栖技术的示范推广

稻鸭共栖即稻田养鸭,以鸭治草防虫,从而减少农药、化肥施用,并达到增产增收的目的.2003年宜春市示范推广稻鸭共栖面积7 173 hm2,共节本增收1 018.22万元.总结了稻鸭共栖的主要技术措施及其效果.     

大面积稻鸭共育种养技术

稻鸭共育是以水稻田为基础,利用鸭子的杂食性特点,将水稻的种植和鸭的饲养结合为一体的生态种养模式。以往稻鸭共育种养模式多是单家独户的小面积运作方式,大面积的稻鸭共育种养结合模式是近年才在实践中积累了丰富的经验,并创造出更诱人的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,符合我国高效、生态、智慧型农业的发展趋势。     

稻米无公害化生产的稻鸭共育技术应用推广效果研究

2000～2002年,在浙江省金华市婺城区汤溪镇进行了稻米无公害生产的稻鸭共育技术应用推广效果研究。结果显示,每667m2稻田放养12只麻鸭或半番鸭,稻鸭共生期45～60天,以鸭粪肥田,基本能满足水稻生长所需的追肥;除草、除虫效果显著,可以取代化学除草剂除草和稻飞虱的药剂防治,并促进稻田生态趋向良性循环。稻鸭共育技术是当前有机、绿色、无公害稻米生产的重要技术之一。该项技术在金华市婺城区推广实施,使推广区农民总增收84．5万元,具有较好的经济效益。     

稻鸭共育对米质的影响

三年稻鸭共育栽培试验结果说明,本田移栽密度稀、移栽大穗型品种时稻鸭共育的效果更好。稻鸭共育栽培条件下,大米加工品质提高,外观品质变好,而蛋白质含量提高,食味品质变劣。     

稻鸭共栖试验研究

通过稻鸭共栖种养结合模式和常规种稻对比试验研究,结果表明:稻鸭共栖中鸭子除了对矮慈姑和稻稗的防效很差外,对其他几种杂草的防效均和化学防治区相近;鸭子在田间活动能显著降低害虫基数并减轻危害程度;稻鸭共栖处理的水稻稻米品质好而且稻田鸭瘦肉率高,价格偏高。稻鸭共作可获得净利1 106元/667 m2,比常规稻作550元/667 m2高556元/667 m2。     

稻鸭共生节本增效技术

对安乡县天喜哥家庭农场的调查表明,稻鸭立体生态种养模式可减少稻田农药施用量30%,减少肥料投入15%,提高水稻产量10%,稻米品质明显改善,新增养鸭纯收入7500元/hm2。稻鸭共生技术在稻田管理上,要抓好稻田选择、品种安排、播种密度、开沟保水、病虫防治等环节;鸭子管理要抓好鸭种选择、搭建鸭棚和围栏、放鸭密度、适量添饲、适时收鸭等环节。     

北方稻鸭共育栽培技术研究报告（1）——稻鸭共育与栽培密度

水稻插秧密度在12．5～25穴／m^2范围内,稻鸭共育时,水稻密度越大,株高越高,叶龄越小,分蘖越少,产量越低。稻鸭共育增产的主要因素是提高千粒重。     

新昌县稻米消费嫌籼喜粳演变趋势及其对我们的启示

新昌地处浙江东部 ,为山区小县 ,现拥有人口43万 ,耕地1.6万hm2 ,其中水田1.1万hm2。近年社会经济发展很快 ,“八五”时期从浙江省17个贫困县之一发展成为浙江省经济中等发达县 ;经“九五”努力 ,1998年又被评为省定小康县 ;经国家统计局农村社会经济调查总队综合测评结果 ,2001年跻身全国百强县 (市 )行列。2002年农民人均纯收入达4930元 ,城镇居民人均可支配收入达11683元 ,分别比2001年增加293元和1263元。当地传统上以消费籼米为主 ,其中稻米严重短缺的20世纪50年代以前 ,为中晚籼米 ;进入60年代因水稻改制成功 ,主要消费转向早籼米 ;从…     

"黄瓜-晚稻秧田-晚稻"高产高效模式配套栽培技术

在大力推行种植业结构调整的过程中 ,炎陵县农技推广部门不断探索 ,在晚稻秧田综合利用的基础上 ,逐步形成了“黄瓜—晚稻秧田—晚稻”的高效栽培模式 ,并很快被农民所接受 ,应用面积逐年扩大 ,效益不断提高 ,成为炎陵县种植结构调整的典型。一、模式的效益分析１．经济效益１９９８～２００２年连续５年调查统计 ,应用该模式后 ,每６６７ｍ２ 可产黄瓜４５００～５５００ｋｇ,因黄瓜早熟 ,市场价格好 ,产值达３０００元 ,纯收益２０００元 ;同时 ,每６６７ｍ２还可产晚稻谷５５０ｋｇ。２.社会效益该模式提高了晚稻秧田的综合利用率 ,为晚…     

System of rice intensification increases rice productivity on saline soil

The acidic condition of soil intervened crop growth, especially for rice crop. This research aimed to examine whether application of SRI method on saline soil can improve the productivity of rice. This research applied SRI method in the hinterland of mangrove forest areas around Segara Anakan Lagoon of Indonesia through modified irrigation to reduce saline water intrusion. SRI along with deep furrows in this first implementation had reduced the use of synthetic fertilizers by 40%, reduced variable costs by 8.35%, increased the B/C ratio by 95% and crop productivity by 76% compared to the control methods and increased the B/C ratio by 161% and crop productivity by 133% compared to conventional methods. The farmer’s motivation to apply SRI along with deep furrows for both N-Ach and N-Aff majority was distributed from moderate to high.     

水稻沼液浸种壮秧增产技术

沼液是各种有机物在沼气池中经过厌氧发酵后的一种液体有机肥料。经科研部门化验分析 ,沼液不仅含有多种氨基酸、维生素、蛋白质、酶、矿物质 ,以及生长素、赤霉素等对作物生长代谢有调节作用的水溶性养分 ,而且这些营养成分基本上以速效养分形式存在。因此 ,沼液速效营养能力强 ,养分可利用率高。所含的生长素既可以促进植物根系的发育 ,又有助于植物体内的氮代谢。正常使用沼气池中的沼液具有杀灭病原菌的能力。据辽宁省盘锦市大洼县王家农场试验表明 ,用沼液浸种增产表1沼液浸种秧苗素质调查处理清水 (CK)恶苗灵(CK)24小时48小时72小时…     

Special rice in China Xuanhan peach blossom rice

ＩｔｉｓａｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｒｉｃｅｏｒｉｇｉｎａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍＸｕａｎｈａｎＣｏｕｎｔｙ,ＳｉｃｈｕａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ．ＦｒｏｍｔｈｅＴａｎｇｄｙｎａｓｔｙ（６８４ＤＣ）,ｔｈｅｌｏｃａｌｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｓｏｆｆｅｒｅｄｔｈｅｐｅａｃｈｂｌｏｓｓｏｍｒｉｃｅｔｏｅｍｐｅｒｏｒ,ｓｏｉｔｗａｓａｌｓｏｃａｌｌｅｄ＂ＴｒｉｂｕｔｅＲｉｃｅ＂．ＧｌａｓｓｒｉｃｅＴｈｅａｎｏｔｈｅｒｎａｍｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｌａｓｓｒｉｃｅｉｓｆｒａｇｒａｎｔｉｎｄｉｃａｒｉｃｅ．ＩｔｗａｓｆｒｏｍＱｉｎｙａｎｇＣ…     

水稻杂糯间作栽培增产技术

水稻是四川主要粮食作物之一 ,常年种植面积220万hm2左右 ,占粮食播种面积的30% ,总产量170亿kg左右 ,占全年粮食总产的50 %。糯稻是水稻生产重要组成部份 ,糯米是传统的食品加工和酿酒业不可缺少的原料 ,在人们生活中占有十分重要的地位。20世纪80年代末期 ,四川省杂交水稻大面积推广 ,籼稻产量大幅度提高 ,而糯稻生产却相对落后 ,一是品种老化 ,多为常规品种 ,虽然品质较优 ,但秆高 ,抗性较差 ,二是栽培落后 ,生产上均以净作方式栽培 ,易于倒状 ,特别是近10年来水稻稻瘟病危害呈加重发展趋势 ,糯稻单产仅350kg/667m2左右 ,导致经济效益不…     

Biodegradable films based on rice starch and rice flour

Rice flour is a starchy material with low-cost, because it can be produced from rice that is broken during processing. The aim of this study was to develop biodegradable films based on rice starch and rice flour, and to characterize their physicochemical, microscopic and mechanical properties. Films from rice starch and rice flour were prepared by casting, with glycerol or sorbitol as plasticizer. SEM analysis of starch and flour films revealed compact structures. Rice flour films prepared in the present work have similar mechanical properties to those of starch based films. However, their water vapor permeabilities are two times higher than those of starch based films. Films with sorbitol were less permeable to water and more rigid, while films with glycerol are more plasticized and have poorer water vapor barrier properties. Therefore, preparing edible films from rice flour is a new alternative for using this raw material, which is sometimes much cheaper than commercial starches.     

Transmission characteristics of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus by rice planthoppers

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a recently proposed distinct species in the genus Fijivirus, family Reoviridae. During the past decade, SRBSDV has spread throughout southern China and northern Vietnam, and has become one of the greatest threats to rice production in these regions. We evaluated three common planthopper species affecting rice: white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera), brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) and small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) to determine their virus transmission abilities. It was confirmed that WBPH was an efficient persistent-transmitting vector for SRBSDV. Neither BPH nor SBPH were viral vectors, although a small proportion (3.7%) of tested SBPH acquired the virus from diseased rice. We characterized the virus transmission properties of WBPH. 83% of the tested insects fed on virus-infected rice plants became viruliferous. The minimum virus acquisition and inoculation access periods were 5 and 30 min, respectively, for both WBPH nymphs and adults. The circulative transmission periods of the virus in WBPH ranged from 6 to 14 days, and most viruliferous individuals transmitted the virus in intermittent periods ranging from 2 to 6 days. A single individual of WBPH could infect 8–25 rice plants with the virus in a 5-day period. WBPH could transmit SRBSDV from rice to maize seedlings, but it was barely able to acquire the virus from infected maize. These results improve our understanding of the epidemiology of SRBSDV, and will be useful for development of disease control strategies.     

Hybrid rice heterosis and genetic diversity of IRRI and Lao rice

Glutinous and non-glutinous rice hybrids derived from IRRI and Lao PDR rice germplasm were evaluated for yield heterosis and genetic diversity based on SSR markers. Pollen and spikelet fertilities of the hybrids showed absence of effective restorer and maintainer genes in the Lao varieties for WA-CMS cytoplasm. Positive heterosis over better or male parent (Lao varieties) was observed. Hybrids derived from an IRRIs TGMS line with Lao varieties showed a great potential in hybrid rice application. Genetic diversity among the rice lines was assessed by COP and SSR markers. Cluster analysis based on the molecular markers generated three parental groups in agreement with parental pedigree information. Significant linear relation was detected between yield heterosis and marker-based genetic distance of parents.     

野生稻的优异特性及其在水稻育种中的利用

本文综述了野生稻的的抗病虫性、抗逆性、优良的稻米品质、细胞质雄性不育性和强大的生长优势等优异性状及其近年来在水稻育种中的最新利用；通过辐射诱变和生物技术方法对野生稻资源进行创新利用。