海南、云南油棕种质材料遗传多样性的ISSR分析

为进一步开发利用海南和云南油棕种质资源,从DNA分子水平上对海南和云南油棕种质资源进行遗传多样性研究.应用ISSR技术对海南和云南的63份油棕种质材料进行遗传多样性分析,用23个引物共扩增得到201条扩增条带,其中有多态性的条带为155条,多态性条带占总扩增条带的77.1%.聚类分析的结果将不同地方采集的种质明显的分为8类,采自不同地方的种质材料能明显的根据种质来源相对集中在一起,油棕种质材料可按采集地进行分类.     

湖南省饭豆地方种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析

为揭示湖南省饭豆地方品种的遗传多样性,促进种质资源的有效保护和利用。本研究利用RAPD和ISSR标记分析了源于湖南省各地36份古老饭豆地方品种的遗传多样性,并采用UPGMA方法进行了遗传聚类分析。结果表明：12个RAPD引物和4个ISSR引物在供试材料中共扩增产生81条带型清晰的条带,平均每个引物扩增产生5.06个条带;其中59个为多态性条带,占总扩增条带的72.84%,具有多态性引物的PIC值在0.397~0.968之间;通过UPGMA法进行聚类分析表明供试材料的遗传相似系数在0.605~0.877之间,供试材料被分为4大类,且聚类结果表现明显的地域特征。本研究结果可为本省饭豆种质资源保护和育种研究提供理论依据。     

利用RAPD、ISSR标记分析白芨种质资源遗传多样性的研究

旨在分析不同地区野生驯化白芨居群间亲缘关系,为白芨资源保护和利用提供支撑。利用RAPD和ISSR标记技术从分子层面鉴别源于湖南、湖北、贵州、云南、江西等地的12个白芨资源遗传多样性差异,并通过UPGMA对该差异性进行了聚类分析。结果表明,在36条供试RAPD引物中有13条扩增带型清晰、多态性高,15条供试ISSR引物中有2条扩增带型清晰、多态性高,共获得40条多态性条带;通过UPGMA聚类分析表明,12份供试白芨种质资源间具有较高的遗传多样性,遗传距离最大可达0.975,供试材料总体上可分为两个支系,湖南、江西为一个支系,湖北、贵州和云南为一个支系。利用ISSR和RAPD标记可以从分子水平上揭示白芨的种质资源遗传多样性,同时,研究还发现ISSR标记能比RAPD标记扩增出更多的多态条带和获得更高的多态比率,且分析不受时间和地点限制,结果更稳定、可靠。本研究结果显示白芨居群间遗传差异性与地理距离呈现一定的相关性,对研究白芨物种的演化及遗传多样性提供了相关数据和理论支持。     

应用ISSR分子标记绘制红麻种质资源DNA指纹图谱

以6份红麻种质资源为材料, 对UBC807~UBC80等80个ISSR引物进行筛选, 筛选出多态性好的ISSR引物20个。利用这20个ISSR引物扩增来自国内外84份红麻种质资源, 共获得230条谱带, 平均每个引物扩增出11.5条谱带, 其中多态性谱带185条, 多态性条带比率为80.43%, 表明供试的红麻种质资源遗传多样性较丰富。以供试84份红麻种质资源的ISSR扩增谱带为基础, 建立了供试材料扩增条带指纹数据库的Excel文件。根据指纹图谱唯一性原则, 采用自行开发的DNA指纹数据分析软件, 再从20个多态性好的ISSR引物中遴选出UBC 813、UBC 825、UBC 836、UBC 888和UBC 889引物, 绘制出82个红麻种质资源的DNA指纹图谱, 为红麻种质资源分子身份证的构建奠定了基础。     

利用RAPD和ISSR标记分析苎麻野生种质资源的遗传多样性

本文以8个地方栽培品种为参照,应用RAPD和ISSR标记从DNA水平分析了来自于不同生态区域的30份苎麻野生种质的遗传背景.在31条RAPD引物中,共扩增出358个条带,平均产率为11.5条带/条引物;而在18对ISSR引物共扩增出266个条带,平均产率为14.8条带/条引物.用NTSYs 2.0软件进行UPGMA法聚类.聚类分析结果表明:在0.73的相似系数水平上,均可将38份材料分成8大类群,对两种标记的比较和混合分析得出:RAPD和ISSR标记适用于苎麻野生材料的遗传多样性分析,但ISSR比RAPD标记更适合苎麻野生种质资源亲缘关系分析.这为我们以后的苎麻杂交育种提供了重要的依据.     

25个猕猴桃材料遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱的建立

利用ISSR分子标记对25个猕猴桃品种和种质资源材料进行遗传多样性分析,并构建其ISSR指纹图谱,旨在阐明其亲缘关系,为遗传、育种和利用提供理论依据。结果显示,从100条引物中筛选出10条引物,在25个供试材料中共扩增出172条带,每条引物平均扩增条带数为17.2条,多态性条带169条,每条引物平均扩增多态性条带数为16.9条,多态性比例为98.26%;遗传相似系数值在0.51~0.87之间;在相似系数水平为0.604时,可将所有供试材料聚为三类。本研究构建的指纹图谱可用于猕猴桃种质的分类与鉴定,为种质资源的鉴定、分类、利用和杂交育种亲本的选配等方面提供理论依据。     

不同来源棉花种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

 采取ISSR分子标记对48份棉花种质资源的遗传多样性进行分析,从60条ISSR引物中筛选出11条引物,这11条引物共扩增出92个条带,平均每条引物扩增出8.36个条带;其中多态性带77个条带,多态率达83.70％。UPGMA聚类分析显示,48份材料的相似性系数（GS）变化范围在0.27～0.93之间。聚类将48个种质资源划分为 4个大类(GS=0.55),湛江野生棉、廉江野生棉与其它品种在遗传上有很大差别,属于较原始类型,归为一类;长绒棉与陆地棉品种存在明显的遗传差异也单独归为一类;其它不同省份的陆地棉品种在遗传上有较高的相似性,归为其它类型。分析结果表明,ISSR具有丰富遗传多样性和稳定性, 是一种较好的遗传分子标记,适宜于棉花品种遗传多样性分析     

丝瓜种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记技术对60份丝瓜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,100对ISSR引物中筛选出12对引物,共扩增条带154条,平均每个引物扩增条带14条,多态性条带143条,非多态性条带11条。各个引物的多态性比例范围为50%~100%,多态性比例92.9%。结果表明,丝瓜种质资源遗传多样性较高,同时也表明了ISSR分子标记能够很好的检测丝瓜种质资源的遗传多样性。通过聚类分析将60份丝瓜分为2大类,普通丝瓜和棱丝瓜。分别以0.646和0.718处为阈值,普通丝瓜和有棱根据瓜形分为短圆筒普通丝瓜、长圆筒普通丝瓜、短棍棒有棱丝瓜和长棍棒有棱丝瓜。     

洋葱种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

应用ISSR标记对32份洋葱种质资源的遗传多样性进行了分析。从31个ISSR引物中筛选出4条扩增产物条带清晰、多态性高的引物,在32份资源样品中共扩增出39条带,其中31条带为多态性位点,平均每个引物扩增的多态带数为7.75条,多态性条带比率（PPB）为79.48%。资源间的遗传相似系数在0.552~0.960之间,具有较为丰富的遗传多样性。ISSR聚类分析表明,在L取值为D=0.68时,可将32份洋葱资源分成5类：第一类包括18份种质资源,主要以Yellow Sweet Spanish系统为主;第二类包括1份种质资源,为Bejo Daytona;第三类包括3份种质资源,为Yellow Globe系统;第四类包括9份种质资源,为Yellow globe danvers系统;第五类包括1份种质资源,为Yellow Danvers system系统。较好地揭示了洋葱种质资源间的遗传多样性与亲缘关系,可为洋葱遗传育种和杂交亲本选择提供科学依据。     

8份剑麻种质亲缘关系的ISSR和RAPD分析

为了揭示剑麻栽培品种的遗传多样性,利用ISSR和RAPD分子标记技术对8份剑麻种质的亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明,筛选后选用的8条ISSR引物和8条RAPD引物,分别产生了53条和66条扩增条带,其中多态性条带分别为44条和61条,多态性条带百分率分别为83.02%和92.42%。根据2种标记的扩增结果,用UPGMA法对8份剑麻种质进行聚类分析,供试材料之间具有较高的遗传多样性,其品种间遗传相似系数分别为0.59~0.80和0.52~0.76。2个标记的聚类结果基本一致,但有点差异,可将供试的8份剑麻种质划分为2类群,而且2个标记聚类结果呈显著相关性,相关系数为0.70。可见,剑麻种质资源的遗传多样性丰富。     

Penetrance of creeping-rootedness in clonal progenies of lucerne and observations on underground morphology of plants differing for this character

Elaeis oleifera or ‘caiaué’, a close relative of oil palm (E. guineensis), has some agronomic traits of great interest for the oil palm genetic breeding such as slow growth, oil quality (mostly unsaturated) and disease resistance. An analysis of a Brazilian oil palm germplasm collection was carried out using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers with the objective of understanding the genetic variation of ‘caiaué’ accessions collected in the Amazon Forest in the last two decades. A sample of 175 accessions obtained along the Amazon River Basin was analyzed and compared to 17 accessions of oil palm from Africa. Ninety-six RAPD markers were used in the analysis, of which fourteen were shown to be specific to oil palm, while twelve were specific to ‘caiaué’. Results showed that the Brazilian ‘caiaué’ accessions studied have moderate levels of genetic diversity as compared to oil palm accessions. The data allowed the establishment of similarity groups for ‘caiaué’ accessions, which is useful for selecting parental plants for population breeding. Cluster analysis showed that, in general, genetic similarities are not correlated to geographical distances, but consistent with geographical dispersal along the Amazon River network. AMOVA showed that most of the genetic variation is found within populations, as expected for anallogamous and long-lived perennial species. The study provides important information to define strategies for future collection expeditions, for germplasm conservation and for the use of E. oleifera in breeding programs. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

ISSR标记对34份樱桃种质资源的遗传分析

利用ISSR标记对34份樱桃种质资源进行遗传多样性检测。结果发现,ISSR标记能够揭示材料间较高的遗传多样性。每个引物可获得6～12条DNA片段,平均为8.76条;17个ISSR引物共扩增出149条DNA片段,其中143条具有多态性,多态性比率（PPB）为95.97%;平均多态信息量（PIC）为0.90;每个位点有效等位基因数（Ne）为1.914;材料间遗传相似系数GS变幅为0.44～0.91,平均达0.73。通过聚类,从分子水平对樱桃种质资源的遗传关系进行分析,并对34份资源进行分类,ISSR标记能将34份樱桃种质完全区分开,为樱桃种质资源的研究利用提供参考。     

Identification and genetic diversity analysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties from Morocco using RAPD markers

Genetic variation among 43 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) accessions, including 37 accessions from Morocco and 6 cultivars from Iraq and Tunisia, was studied using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The pre-screening of 123 primers on four genotypes allowed selection of 19 primers which revealed polymorphism and gave reproducible results. All 43 analysed genotypes were distinguishable by their band patterns. RAPD technology therefore appears very effective for identifying accessions of date palm. RAPD-based genetic distance was used to determine the relationships between the accessions. The grouping-association identified by cluster analysis was rather weak. However, morphologically similar varieties clustered together. A relatively low polymorphism and a lack of evident organisation are observed among the date palm varieties grown in Morocco. This could be related to the mode of introduction and maintenance of the Moroccan date palm germplasm involving limited foundation germplasm, exchange of cultivars between plantations, and periodic development of new recombinant cultivars following sexual reproduction. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

AFLP in Triticum aestivum L.: patterns of genetic diversity and genome distribution

The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) procedure was applied to a diverse panel of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) accessions and sixty-nine of the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the widely used genetic mapping population derived from the cross of Opata 85 and W7984. Most (76.8%) bands were monomorphic among T. aestivum accessions. The majority of bands monomorphic in T. aestivum also were present in the synthetic wheat parent (W7984). Ten primer pairs generated 153 polymorphic AFLP bands, 140 of which could be assigned to a chromosome location and were relatively evenly distributed on the genetic linkage map. AFLP loci in T. aestivum were distributed throughout the genome; they generally have only one detectable sequence variant; and they exhibit monogenic dominant mendelian inheritance. Frequencies of polymorphic bands in the germplasm sampled are in the range that enables informative cluster analyses as well as map-based diversity and association analysis studies. AFLP bands mapped to individual loci in the Opata 85/W7984 RIL population will frequently be polymorphic in other crosses or germplasm, irrespective of whether the band arises from the T. aestivum parent or the synthetic wheat parent. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

利用ISSR标记研究鹅观草属种质资源的遗传多样性

为进一步了解鹅观草属种质资源的遗传背景和拓宽牧草育种的遗传基础,科学指导鹅观草属种质资源的收集、评价和利用,利用ISSR(Inter simple sequence repeat marker)标记对鹅观草属20个种,6个变种,共60份材料进行了遗传多样性检测。结果发现,被测材料间ISSR标记的多态性较高,在20个引物中,有16个引物可扩增出清晰且重复性好的DNA片段,共产生125条DNA片段,其中104条具有多态性,多态性比率为83.20%;每个引物可扩增出6～10条DNA片段,平均7.81条,材料间遗传相似系数GS变幅为0.188～0.879,平均值为0.375;聚类分析表明,在遗传相似系数为0.441的水平上,60份材料可以聚为5类,属于同种、同组、同系的不同材料首先聚在一起,然后再与其他种的材料聚在一起,此外,材料的聚类还表现出一定的地域性规律。     

粤东地区橄榄种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

该研究在于分析粤东地区橄榄种质资源的遗传多样性,从而为橄榄的保护和研究提供依据。利用ISSR分子标记对64份橄榄种质进行遗传多样性分析。共扩增得到128条谱带,其中多态性条带99条,多态性比率为77.34%。平均观察等位基因数为1.7734±0.4203、有效等位基因数1.4823±0.3888、Nei’s基因多样性0.2746±0.1975、Shannon’s信息指数0.4072±0.2721。64份种质的遗传相似性系数范围是0.5714~0.9379,平均遗传相似性系数为0.7793。聚类分析将64份种质分为5个类群,主坐标分析也将其分为5个类群。由结果可知,该地区橄榄种质总体遗传多样性水平较低,同时分子聚类分析结果与供试材料来源地无关。     

胡萝卜种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对34份胡萝卜种质资源进行遗传多样性研究,以探明各材料间的亲缘关系、遗传多样性及其分类,为进一步利用和创新品种提供参考信息。结果表明,20条随机引物共扩增出139个DNA片段,其中99条带表现出多态性,占总带数的76.74%,对其进行数据化处理后聚类,34份胡萝卜材料可划分为5个类群。材料的归组与根形、根长有一定的相关性。     

Genetic variation of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) cultivated in Chile determined by RAPDs

RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) technology was applied to analyze the genetic variability of sweet potato germplasm existing in Chile and elsewhere. Analysis of 28 cultivars from all over the world showed polymorphic bands with all 18 primers tested. A total of 124 RAPD bands were scored with an average of 6.9 polymorphic bands per primer. These results confirm that sweet potato exhibits high genetic variation. Two groups were distinguished: one containing Peruvian cultivars, and another containing cultivars from the rest of the world. Analysis of 14 accessions from Central Chile and one from Northern Chile showed polymorphic bands with 24 of 26 primers tested, but almost all of the 140 polymorphic bands merely showed the distinctness of the Northern accession. The almost complete uniformity of the other 14 accessions shows that sweet potato germplasm collected in Central Chile has very little genetic variability and may be derived from a single cultivar. Based on these results and on historical records, some hypotheses are proposed to explain the origin of sweet potatoes cultivated in Chile. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.