Global Mean Sea Level Variations from TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimeter Data

The TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite altimeter mission has measured global mean sea level every 10 days over the last 2 years with a precision of 4 millimeters, which approaches the requirements for climate change research. The estimated rate of sea level change is +3.9 +/- 0.8 millimeters per year. A substantial portion of this trend may represent a short-term variation unrelated to the long-term signal expected from global warming. For this reason, and because the long-term measurement accuracy requires additional monitoring, a longer time series is necessary before climate change signals can be unequivocally detected.     

东太平洋不同海区茎柔鱼渔业生物学的初步研究

根据我国鱿钓船多年在秘鲁、智利和哥斯达黎加外海生产调查所采集的茎柔鱼样本,对3个不同作业海区茎柔鱼渔业生物学特性进行比较分析。研究表明,秘鲁、智利和哥斯达黎加外海茎柔鱼胴长范围分别为209～1 149 mm、166～837 mm和204～429 mm,优势胴长分别为250～400 mm、300～450 mm和250～350 mm,对应的渔获物中雌雄性比平均值分别为3.87∶1、2.50∶1、3.75∶1。根据胴长组成以及性成熟,认为秘鲁外海存在大型、中型和小型3个群体,智利外海以中型群体为主体并存在少量的大型群体,哥斯达黎加外海以小型群体为主体并存在少量的中型群体。秘鲁和智利外海茎柔鱼体重与胴长关系式的生长参数b值为3.06～3.17,而哥斯达黎加外海为2.57～2.63。秘鲁和智利外海茎柔鱼性腺成熟度均以Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级为主,而哥斯达黎加外海则以Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ级为主。各月间摄食等级差异变化较为显著,但基本上以0～2级为主体。研究表明,3个海区茎柔鱼种群结构和生物学特性总体上有所差异。研究亮点:首次对秘鲁、智利和哥斯达黎加外海3个不同作业海区茎柔鱼渔业生物学特性进行比较分析,研究认为秘鲁外海存在大型、中型和小型3个群体,智利外海以中型群体为主体并存在少量的大型群体,哥斯达黎加外海以小型群体为主体并存在少量的中型群体。生长参数存在差异,各月间摄食等级差异变化较为显著。研究表明,3个海区茎柔鱼种群结构和生物学特性总体上有所差异。     

Occultation of egr Geminorum by Mars: Evidence for Atmospheric Tides?

Temperature profiles of the martian atmosphere have been derived from airborne observations of the 8 April 1976 occultation of epsilon Geminorum. Within the altitude range from 50 to 90 kilometers, these profiles show peak-to-peak variations of 35 degrees K with a vertical scale of 20 kilometers and represent evidence for strong tides in the martian atmosphere. However, more information is necessary to conclusively rule out a radiative explanation for the temperature variations.     

Basalts Dredged from the Northeastern Pacific Ocean

Volcanic rocks dredged from seamounts, fault ridges, and other major geological features of the northeast Pacific Ocean include a wide variety of basalts. Most of these are vesicular, porphyritic types with near analogues in the Hawaiian and other oceanic islands. In addition, aluminous basalts and diabasic theoleiites impoverished in potassium also occur. There is no simple correlation of composition, degree of oxidation, vesiculation, or hydration of these basalts with texture, or depth of dredge site. Most samples appear to have been extruded at much shallower depths than those now pertaining at the dredge site. The distribution of these basalts suggests that the andesite line coincides with or lies on the continent side of the foot of the continental slope.     

南大洋抗植物病原真菌活性菌株的筛选及系统发育分析

以尖刀镰孢菌为指示菌,从第27次南极科考采取的南大洋海水样品中筛选到20株活性菌株,其中2株属于嗜冷杆菌,2株属于假单胞菌,16株属于假交替单胞菌。对4株具有较强抑菌活性的菌株进行抑菌谱研究,结果表明,菌株312-1、83-1、195对尖刀镰孢菌、辣椒疫霉、大丽轮枝菌、番茄早疫病菌、瓜亡革菌、水稻纹枯病菌、芦笋茎枯病菌均具有明显的抑菌效果。     

Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Pleistocene Sediments from the Indian Ocean

Two deep-sea cores containing Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Pleistocene sediments from an oceanic rise approximately 500 miles southeast of Cape Town contained well-preserved fossil foraminiferal ooze made up of about 97 percent planktonic forms, including species of Guembelina and Hedbergella. High percentages of particles less than 53 micro in diameter in the Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments indicate a deep-water open-ocean depositional environment. These sediments are the oldest recovered so far from the Indian Ocean.     

南大洋抗植物病原真菌活性菌株的筛选及系统发育分析(英文)

[目的]筛选南大洋抗植物病原真菌活性菌株并对其进行系统发育分析及抑菌谱研究。[方法]活性菌株筛选和抑菌谱研究采用平板扩散法,系统发育分析采用Mega4.0软件的邻接法。[结果]以尖刀镰孢菌为指示菌,从第27次南极科考采取的南大洋海水样品中筛选到20株活性菌株。分子鉴定与系统发育分析研究表明,2株活性菌株属于嗜冷杆菌(Psychrobacter),2株属于假单胞菌(Pseudomonas),16株属于假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas)。对4株具有较强抑菌活性的菌株的抑菌谱研究表明,菌株312-1、83-1、195对尖刀镰孢菌、辣椒疫霉、大丽轮枝菌、番茄早疫病菌、瓜亡革菌、水稻纹枯病菌、芦笋茎枯病菌均具有明显的抑菌效果;除水稻纹枯病菌外,312-2对其他6种植物病原真菌也均有明显的抑菌活性。[结论]4株具有较强抑菌活性的菌株具有较高的研究与开发价值。     

应用JABBA和JABBA-Select模型评估印度洋剑鱼资源

剑鱼(Xiphias gladius)是具有较高经济价值的大型旗鱼类鱼种,处于食物链的上端,对其资源评估并制定管理策略,在资源的可持续利用和生态系统保护上具有重要意义。基于贝叶斯剩余产量模型(just another bayesian biomass assessment, JABBA)和它的拓展版JABBA-Select对印度洋剑鱼资源状况进行评估,分析资源丰度指数(标准化CPUE)、捕捞选择性对评估结果的影响。结果表明：JABBA-Select模型因考虑捕捞选择性和生活史信息,对资源状态的评估表现要优于JABBA模型。印度洋剑鱼的最大可持续产量(maximum sustainable yield, MSY)估值为3.17万t,当前渔获量为3.01万t,资源处于健康状态的概率为98%。评估结果对种群内禀增长率参数r的先验分布敏感性较小,参数r与环境容纳量参数K的后验分布存在负相关。所建模型不存在明显的回顾性误差,模型较稳健。预测分析显示,当总可捕量控制在3.60万t以下时,在2028年前不会处于资源型过度捕捞(overfished)和捕捞型过度捕捞(overfishing)。     

Infrared Radiation from the Atmosphere over the Arctic Ocean

The emission spectrum of the atmosphere over the Arctic Ocean was observed during a period when atmosphere and snow surface temperatures were about -40 degrees C. The main contributions to the emission in the 5-to 21-micron range came from ozone and carbon dioxide, with water vapor playing a minor part.     

Diurnal and Semidiurnal Variations in the Earth's Rotation Rate Induced by Oceanic Tides

Recent space-geodetic observations have revealed daily and subdaily variations in the Earth's rotation rate. Although spectral analysis suggests that the variations are primarily of tidal origin, comparisons to previous theoretical predictions based on various ocean models have been less than satisfactory. This disagreement is partly caused by deficiencies in physical modeling. Rotation predictions based on a reliable tidal-height model, with corresponding tidal currents inferred from a modified form of Laplace's momentum equations, yield predictions of tidal variations in Universal Time that agree with very long baseline interferometer observations to 2 microseconds. This agreement resolves a major discrepancy between theory and observation and establishes the dominant role of oceanic tides for inducing variation in the Earth's rotation at these frequencies.     

基于线粒体控制区的中部太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼种群遗传结构的研究

根据2010年9月-2012年1月,我国远洋捕捞船在太平洋中部(16°S~8°N;160°W~155°E)的7个采样点采集到的101个样本,利用线粒体DNA控制区(mtDNA D-loop)基因的585 bp序列,分析了它们的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果显示,585 bp片段中发现23个变异位点,80个单倍型;序列多样性分析结果显示,7个采样群体单倍型多样性指数h=0.994±0.002和核苷酸多样性指数π=0.00892±0.00038。分子方差分析揭示98.18%的遗传变异来自种群内,群体间的Fst分析揭示黄鳍金枪鱼7个采样群体内部不存在显著的遗传分化。Fu’s Fs呈负值和核苷酸不配对呈单峰,显示了黄鳍金枪鱼大约在335~544万年前经历了种群扩张;基因交流与遗传分化分析表明,该7个采样点的黄鳍金枪鱼群体之间存在强烈的基因交流,种群遗传分化水平较低。黄鳍金枪鱼种群遗传多样性低,为单一种群,应采用合理的有效措施进行管理,确保黄鳍金枪鱼产业的可持续发展。     

国际视角下上海海洋大学科研能力分析

通过检索汤森路透公司Web of Science中的SICE数据库,查得上海海洋大学作者参与发表的SCI论文共有1 015篇(截至2013年2月2日)。围绕这些论文,从发表年份、合作国别、合作机构、基金资助情况、研究方向、论文被引情况等方面进行分析与研究,比较全面地分析了上海海洋大学参与发表SCI论文的状况,进而也在一定程度上反映出了该校的科研水平和能力,认为该校近些年的科研水平和实力有较快地提升与发展,但与国内及国际先进水平还有一定的差距,该校还需要长足发展与进步。     

The Indian Ocean experiment: widespread air pollution from South and Southeast Asia

The Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) was an international, multiplatform field campaign to measure long-range transport of air pollution from South and Southeast Asia toward the Indian Ocean during the dry monsoon season in January to March 1999. Surprisingly high pollution levels were observed over the entire northern Indian Ocean toward the Intertropical Convergence Zone at about 6 degrees S. We show that agricultural burning and especially biofuel use enhance carbon monoxide concentrations. Fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning cause a high aerosol loading. The growing pollution in this region gives rise to extensive air quality degradation with local, regional, and global implications, including a reduction of the oxidizing power of the atmosphere.     

夏秋季西北太平洋柔鱼渔业生物学的初步研究

根据2007年7－10月我国鱿钓船在西北太平洋传统鱿钓作业渔场（150°~165°E,39°~45°N）渔汛期间所采集的柔鱼样本,对夏秋季柔鱼渔业生物学特性进行初步研究。研究得知,渔获物胴长范围为200~436 mm,平均胴长为282 mm,优势胴长为230~320 mm,占总数的81.60%。各月渔获物中雄性个体的平均胴长小于雌性个体。胴长与体重关系的生长指数接近3。渔获物中的性比符合1∶1（P>0.05）,但成熟个体中雄性个体所占比例明显比雌性高（P<0.05）。渔获物的性腺成熟度以Ⅰ、Ⅱ期为主,雌性个体性腺成熟晚于雄性个体。缠卵腺长和缠卵腺重随着性腺的成熟而逐步增大。渔获物中胴长组成呈双峰型,且未成熟、成熟个体同时存在,由此判断作业海域中柔鱼存在2个种群,即小型的冬春季产卵群体和大型的秋季产卵群体,且以小型的冬春季产卵群体为主。     

Late Proterozoic and Paleozoic Tides, Retreat of the Moon, and Rotation of the Earth

The tidal rhythmites in the Proterozoic Big Cottonwood Formation (Utah, United States), the Neoproterozoic Elatina Formation of the Flinders Range (southern Australia), and the Lower Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation (Alabama, United States) and Mansfield Formation (Indiana, United States) indicate that the rate of retreat of the lunar orbit is dxi/dt approximately k2 sin(2delta) (where xi is the Earth-moon radius vector, k2 is the tidal Love number, and delta is the tidal lag angle) and that this rate has been approximately constant since the late Precambrian. When the contribution to tidal friction from the sun is taken into account, these data imply that the length of the terrestrial day 900 million years ago was approximately18 hours.     

海洋红酵母耐盐cDNA文库的构建与序列分析

 利用消减杂交技术（SSH）构建了海洋红酵母耐盐cDNA文库,一共挑出270个克隆子,选取了25个克隆进行测序,经过Blast分析,初步认为有一个克隆是与耐盐相关的基因,2个属于未知基因,其余为核RNA。