小麦bHLH型转录因子TaHLH1的分子特征和表达特性研究

利用cDNA-AFLP技术,鉴定了1个对低磷胁迫逆境产生明显应答的小麦bHLH型转录因子转录本片段(TDF)。比对分析表明,该TDF(TaHLH1 EST)与前人在水稻中鉴定的对低磷产生明显应答的bHLH型转录因子基因OsPTF1高度同源。利用生物信息学技术,获得了TaHLH1 EST对应的cDNA序列。TaHLH1的cDNA全长为2 209bp,含有1个编码480个氨基酸残基的开放阅读框。TaHLH1含有bHLH型转录因子具有的Basic-Helix-Loop-Helix保守基序,分别由13,15,6和22个氨基酸残基组成。比对分析表明,TaHLH1与源于水稻、大麦和玉米的同源基因编码蛋白在保守基序的氨基酸组成上高度同源。TaHLH1对低磷、低氮、干旱和高盐等逆境明显应答,但对低钾、低钙、脱落酸(ABA)和低温不产生应答。研究表明,TaHLH1是小麦bHLH型转录因子家族的重要成员,在介导低磷等非生物逆境的信号转导中可能发挥着重要作用。     

Arsenic mobility and groundwater extraction in Bangladesh

High levels of arsenic in well water are causing widespread poisoning in Bangladesh. In a typical aquifer in southern Bangladesh, chemical data imply that arsenic mobilization is associated with recent inflow of carbon. High concentrations of radiocarbon-young methane indicate that young carbon has driven recent biogeochemical processes, and irrigation pumping is sufficient to have drawn water to the depth where dissolved arsenic is at a maximum. The results of field injection of molasses, nitrate, and low-arsenic water show that organic carbon or its degradation products may quickly mobilize arsenic, oxidants may lower arsenic concentrations, and sorption of arsenic is limited by saturation of aquifer materials.     

Bonding changes in compressed superhard graphite

Compressed under ambient temperature, graphite undergoes a transition at approximately 17 gigapascals. The near K-edge spectroscopy of carbon using synchrotron x-ray inelastic scattering reveals that half of the pi-bonds between graphite layers convert to sigma-bonds, whereas the other half remain as pi-bonds in the high-pressure form. The x-ray diffraction pattern of the high-pressure form is consistent with a distorted graphite structure in which bridging carbon atoms between graphite layers pair and form sigma-bonds, whereas the nonbridging carbon atoms remain unpaired with pi-bonds. The high-pressure form is superhard, capable of indenting cubic-diamond single crystals.     

以浓硝酸为插入剂制备无硫可膨胀石墨

用浓硝酸和天然鳞片石墨反应制备无硫可膨胀石墨 ,最佳反应条件是 :石墨与浓硝酸的质量比为 1∶2 ,反应温度为 30℃ ,反应时间为 10min ,可膨胀石墨的膨胀容积为 30 0mL·g-1,不含硫。     

Intracranial mobility in the coelacanth

Analysis of the jaw mech anism of the coelacanth Latimeria shows' that the action of the intracranial artic ulation and the associated subcephalic muscles (a system unique to the Cros sopterygii) is important in increasing the angle of ihe gape and the power of the bite. Maximum rotation at the in tracranial joint is approximately 15 de grees.     

Ionic mobility in muscle cells

The diffusivities of ionic potassium, sodium, sulfate, and adenosine triphosphate inside a nmuscle cell are reduced by a factor of 2, relative to diffusivities in aqueous solution. The diffusion coefficients of nonelectrolytes are reduced by the same factor, showing that the diffusion of the ions is retarded by physical, rather than chemical, interactions. In contrast, the diffusivity of the calcium ion, which is taken up by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, is reduced fiftyfold.     

Chain pullout and mobility effects in friction and lubrication

The interfacial shear stress that occurs when a network of a polymer that is highly mobile at the segment level (an elastomer) is slid over a smooth surface of an immobile (glassy) polymer has been measured. The glassy material is covered by a thin layer of end-attached chains of the mobile material. The experiment was designed so that there were no free chains at the interface; the slip occurred between network chains on the one side and rigid material plus end-attached mobile chains on the other side. Two main results were obtained. (i) The interfacial shear stress is strongly affected by the segment mobility of the materials on both sides of the slip plane, and considerably lower stress is observed when the materials on both sides of the interface are highly mobile. (ii) Very thin layers of tethered chains can increase the interfacial friction. Both results are relevant to the understanding of a number of practical situations that range from the operation of thin layers of lubricants, such as those found in magnetic storage devices, to the problem of wall slip and melt fracture in polymer processing.     

Auxin effects on the mobility of kinetin in the plant

Kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) is generally considered to be relatively immobile within plants. Kinetin labeled with (14)C was applied to the stumps of decapitated bean plants, with or without simultaneous application of indoleacetic acid. Significantly greater amounts of kinetin moved downwards in the stem in the presence of added indoleacetic acid than in its absence.     

基于二维熵的农业图像目标分割

农业图像的目标分割是在农业领域应用机器视觉技术的基础,采用阈值法进行图像的目标分割,能够克服一些图像缺陷。首先将彩色数字图像转换成像素灰度级分布与其邻域平均像素灰度级分布所构成的二维灰度图,再根据图像分割后的最大熵计算分割阈值,然后由计算出的阈值分割农业田间图像,分割的结果显示,二维熵法分割农业田间图像的效果很好,分割质量的优秀率达到了98%。     

Chiral amplification of oligopeptides in two-dimensional crystalline self-assemblies on water

Differences in the two-dimensional packing arrangements of racemic and enantiomeric crystalline self-assemblies on the water surface of amphiphilic activated analogs of lysine and glutamic acid have been used to prepare oligopeptides of homochiral sequence and oligopeptides of single handedness from chiral nonracemic mixtures. The crystalline structures on the water surface were determined by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and the diastereomeric composition of the oligopeptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry with enantio-labeling. These results suggest that reactivity of ordered clusters at interfaces might have played a role in the generation of early homochiral biopolymers.     

High carrier mobility in single-crystal plasma-deposited diamond

Room-temperature drift mobilities of 4500 square centimeters per volt second for electrons and 3800 square centimeters per volt second for holes have been measured in high-purity single-crystal diamond grown using a chemical vapor deposition process. The low-field drift mobility values were determined by using the time-of-flight technique on thick, intrinsic, freestanding diamond plates and were verified by current-voltage measurements on p-i junction diodes. The improvement of the electronic properties of single-crystal diamond and the reproducibility of those properties are encouraging for research on, and development of, high-performance diamond electronics.     

二维图像编辑中透视效应的研究

“龟纹图”的变化规律,揭示了二维图像编辑中的透视效应。通过对平行透视的分析,研究视觉艺术的单点透视与散点透视,使之能在工程和艺术方面,得到更深层次的研究与应用。     

稻田高效生态种植模式总结

合理的水旱轮作可优化农田生态环境,提高复种指数,增加农业经济效益.总结了金峰镇几种稻田水旱轮作生态种植模式.     

奶牛血浆蛋白质组学研究中双向凝胶电泳条件的优化

[研究目的]血浆蛋白组成复杂、信息含量丰富.血浆蛋白质结构和数量的改变,对疾病诊断和治疗具有重要的意义;[方法]双向电泳技术是蛋白质组研究中比较常用的一种蛋白质分离技术.根据血浆蛋白动态范围大,高丰度蛋白对分析存在干扰的特点,设计了两种实验方案,并比较了这两种方案的优缺点,为血浆作为奶牛疾病诊断标记的应用提供参考;[结果]使用热SDS法处理样品可分离出230个可以重复的蛋白点.Aurum Affi-Gel Blue Mini columns除白蛋白柱处理样品分离了156个可重复的蛋白点;[结论]热SDS法处理血浆样品联合pH4～7的IPG胶条的方案,步骤简单,分离效果好.     

Density-modulus relationship in graphite fibers made from acrylic yarns

Three types of polyacrylonitrile yarn were converted to graphite fibers. There was a linear relation between density and Young's modulus of the graphite fibers, the ranges observed being 1.58 to 2.18 grams per cubic centimeter and 25 to 112 x 10(6) pounds per square inch.     

Smectic liquid crystal monolayers on graphite observed by scanning tunneling microscopy

By means of scanning tunneling microscopy, it is observed that molecules of the form n-alkylcyanobiphenyl, where n = 8 to 12, form two-dimensional crystalline domains when adsorbed onto graphite. The layer spacings measured by tunneling microscopy are 20% larger than those measured previously on bulk material by x-ray diffraction. The structure of the adsorbed molecules is quite different from that of the bulk.     

Turing-type patterns on electrode surfaces

We report stationary, nonequilibrium potential and adsorbate patterns with an intrinsic wavelength that were observed in an electrochemical system with a specific type of current/electrode-potential (I-phi(DL)) characteristic. The patterns emerge owing to the interplay of a self-enhancing step in the reaction dynamics and a long-range inhibition by migration currents rather than by diffusion. Theoretical analysis revealed that this self-structuring of the electrode occurs in all electrochemical systems with an S-shaped I-phi(DL) characteristic in wide and well-accessible parameter ranges. This unusual pattern-forming instability in electrochemical systems has all the characteristics of the mechanism proposed by Turing in 1952 in the framework of an early theory of morphogenesis. Our finding might account for structure formation in certain biological systems that have gradients in the electric potential and may open new paths for fabricating patterned electrodes.