Chemical trail-following by flying insects: a mechanism for orientation to a distant odor source

An aerial trail of odorous pheromone molecules extends downwind from a female pink bollworm moth that is receptive for mating. Males apparently sense the boundaries of the trail during their characteristic zigzag flights across it. Contrary to previous beliefs, the mechanism by which the males steer toward the odor source does not require a sensing of wind direction.     

Pheromone orientation: role of internal control mechanisms

Male American cockroaches walk a zigzag path upwind toward a source of female sex pheromone. Although the maximum width of the pathway is regulated by the width of an odor plume, many turns are made before the edge of a wide plume is encountered. In addition to the pheromone regulation of the insect's orientation movements, an internal mechanism appears to influence the zigzag turning pattern.     

不同密度化学信息素控制烟草斜纹夜蛾的效果

[目的]研究化学信息素控制烟草斜纹夜蛾的田间最适放置密度。[方法]分别按25.8 m×25.8 m(15.0个/hm2)、31.6 m×31.6m(22.5个/hm2)和36.5 m×36.5 m(30.0个/hm2)各放置16个诱捕器(4行×4排),同时设不低于2 hm2的空白对照,3次重复。[结果]在忽略风向的影响下,随单个诱捕器控制面积的增加,诱蛾量有所增加,但3种不同密度处理间诱蛾量差异不显著;3种放置密度均可有效控制烟田斜纹夜蛾的发生,减少农药使用,保护田间自然天敌,降低防治成本。[结论]化学信息素控制烟草斜纹夜蛾的诱捕器放置密度以31.6 m×31.6 m(22.5个/hm2)为宜。     

棉大卷叶野螟雌虫性信息素对雄虫的诱集作用

为生物防治棉大卷叶野螟提供科学依据,研究棉大卷叶螟雌虫性信息素对雄虫的诱集作用,在野外和室内用棉大卷叶野螟雌虫及其性信息素提取物对雄虫进行诱集试验.研究发现:1～7日龄雌成虫及相应日龄雌成虫性信息素提取物随着日龄的增高,对雄蛾的引诱力逐渐降低;随着距离的加大,其诱集作用亦逐渐下降;1～7日龄雌成虫性信息素提取物对雄成虫...     

Synthetic Juvenile Hormone: Induction of Sex Pheromone Production in Ips confusus

Topical application of 25, 50, or 100 micrograms of 10,11-epoxy-farnesenic acid methyl ester in peanut oil induced male Ips confusus to produce sex pheromone in the hindgut Malpighian tubule region. Twenty-four hours aftertreatment of male beetles with 100 micrograms of hormone, their hindgut Malpighian tubule extract was more attractive to female beetles in a laboratory bioassay than was extract from males producing pheromone naturally in ponderosa pine logs.     

亚洲玉米螟飞翔能力的初步研究

通过配有微机记录系统的飞行磨吊飞方法,测定了亚洲玉米螟(Osirinia furnacaris)的飞翔能力及温度、湿度,气流等不同生态条件对其飞翔力的影响。初步探讨了亚洲玉米螟的飞翔扩散活动及可能的迁飞活动。玉米螟1日龄和2日龄雌蛾可累计飞翔30小时,150公里以上。飞翔速度平均1.5米/秒,最高可达2.4米/秒。雄蛾飞翔力初期稍弱,但3日龄以后强于雌蛾。玉米螟的飞翔适温区为20—30℃,高温低湿不利其飞翔。玉米螟在风速不大于1.53—1.6米/秒时可逆风飞翔,在较大的风速下顺风飞翔时,其自身的飞翔速度随风速增加而渐降,风速9米/秒时停止振翅,随风飘流。     

Competition Among Courting Male Moths: Male-to-Male Inhibitory Pheromone

The behavioral function of a pheromone released by males of the army-worm moth Pseudaletia unipuncta was investigated both in laboratory wind-tunnel experiments and in experiments with moth-baited traps in the field. Such male moth scents have been thought to act at close range as sexual stimulants for females of the same species. However, the only obvious effect of the P. unipuncta male pheromone was upon other males, decreasing their tendency to approach sexually receptive, pheromone-releasing females and to exhibit copulatory behavior when near those females. The adaptive significance of the male pheromone may be related to the increased reproductive efficiency that results if multiple males are prevented from competing for a single female.     

青杨脊虎天牛成虫交配行为及化学通讯方式

对青杨脊虎天牛(Xylotrechus rusticus Linnaeus)成虫交配行为的观察和Y型管生测仪的生测研究表明,释放化学信息是引起青杨脊虎天牛成虫交尾的主要通讯方式.利用气相色谱-质谱联用对试虫正己烷提取物的定性检测,进一步证明了雌虫释放短距离性信息素,雄虫接触后释放较长距离挥发性物质的推断.雄虫释放的化学物质通过空气传递给雌虫,而后进行交尾.     

Disruption of sex pheromone communication in a nematode

Males of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, an intestinal parasite of rodents, were maintained in an environment permeated with pheromone produced by females of the species. After the males were removed from that environment, their subsequent ability to orient to a gradient of the pheromone emanating from living females was greatly reduced for periods up to 2 hours. This phenomenon might serve as the basis for a new, selective antihelminthic technique in which the premating communication between males and females is disrupted.     

不同防控措施对小菜蛾的防治效果

[目的]探讨小菜蛾的综合防治效果。[方法]测定了3种单项防治技术(菜农化学自防、性诱区和化防)和1个综合防治技术(性诱+化防)对甘蓝种小菜蛾的防治效果。[结果]不同处理区甘蓝上的小菜蛾幼虫发生量为:综防区≈化防区﹤自防区﹤性诱区﹤不妨区。不防区的捕食性天敌最多,分别在11月2日、11月9日达到高峰(1.16和1.22头/株);自防区的捕食性天敌数量始终处于较低水平,在0.04~0.18头/株。整体上,化防区和综防区的天敌数量相似,但高于自防区,低于性诱区和不防区。综防区和化防区的一级甘蓝比例均比自防区高,分别为71.6%和66.8%。综防区的投入收益比在各处理中最高(1∶7.84)。[结论]该研究结果为小菜蛾的有效防治提供了理论依据。     

利用植物源引诱剂监测与控制舞毒蛾

在内蒙古阿尔山林业局兴安落叶松纯林内,选取受害兴安落叶松针叶的挥发物并复配成引诱剂（植物源引诱剂）,测定其对舞毒蛾成虫的引诱效果。试验一利用窗式诱捕器携带4种诱芯：1）植物源引诱剂（引诱剂I）,2）舞毒蛾性信息素（引诱剂Ⅱ）,3）前两者之结合（引诱剂Ⅲ）,4）空白对照于9块样地（幼、中龄林和成熟林各3块）进行测定。试验...     

Estrus-inducing pheromone of male mice: transport by movement of air

The proportion of female SJL/J mice exhibiting estrus whet 2 meters downwind (6 meters per minute) from a group of 15 hybrid mi not significantly less than that of females placed directly under the males posed to their urine. The proportion of mice showing estrus when placed 2 upwind was significantly less than that of mice downwind or of mice beloii but not different from that of females remote from males. These findings sh the pheromone from male mice is volatile and further support the concep, acts through olfactory receptors.     

加拿大杨枝把田间诱蛾效果观察

比较了加拿大杨(Populuscanadensis)枝把、棉铃虫性诱剂、高压汞灯在田间对棉铃虫(Helicoverpaarmigera)的引诱效果。结果表明,加拿大杨枝把在田间以诱集棉铃虫雌蛾为主,所诱棉铃虫雌、雄性比为1.61。加拿大杨枝把日诱雄蛾量与日诱雌蛾量呈显著正相关,与性诱剂日诱雄蛾量、高压汞灯日诱雄蛾量相关性不显著。每日棉铃虫百株落卵量与加拿大杨枝把、高压汞灯日诱蛾量呈显著正相关,与性诱剂日诱蛾量无显著相关性。讨论了加拿大杨枝把在田间引诱棉铃虫的机理。     

不同性信息素和灯具诱杀烟草斜纹夜蛾·烟青虫·棉铃虫的效果和评价

[目的]探究利用性信息素和杀虫灯诱杀控制烟草害虫的效果。[方法]通过性信息素不同基质诱芯和佳多杀虫灯对云南保山腾冲烟区烟草斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptern litura)、烟青虫(Helicoverpa assulta)、棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)3种害虫进行了田间诱杀对比试验,并对防治成本进行了评价。[结果]使用昆虫性信息素和杀虫灯诱杀斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫具有一定效果,其中使用性信息素诱捕器的诱杀效果明显优于杀虫灯,性信息素中PVC基质诱芯诱杀害虫的性能优于橡胶基质诱芯,以对斜纹夜蛾的诱捕能力最强、控制作用持续、效果显著;不同放置密度、高度诱捕器对斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫的诱杀效果有差异,悬挂高度以距离地面100～150 cm较佳;从成本控制来看,单位面积内以低密度区的成本最低,比常规用药区减少44%以上。[结论]利用性信息素和杀虫灯诱杀斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫等害虫具有经济、安全、高效的特点,是一项绿色环保的生物物理防治技术,具有大面积推广应用前景。     

诱捕器对烤烟斜纹夜蛾的防治效果研究

[目的]探讨诱捕器对烤烟斜纹夜蛾的防治效果。[方法]调查并分析了斜纹夜蛾性诱剂、化学药剂和空白对照处理对烤烟斜纹夜蛾的防控效果。[结果]斜纹夜蛾性诱剂诱捕蛾量呈明显的高峰期和峰次。性诱剂防控区比空白对照区的虫口密度平均减退70.5%;比常规药剂控制区的虫口密度平均减退7.1%,降低成本35.6%。[结论]斜纹夜蛾性诱剂对烤烟斜纹夜蛾有较强的诱测和防控作用,可作为监测和防控斜纹夜蛾的有效措施推广应用。     

Analysis of sex pheromone production and field trapping of the Asian corn borer(Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée) in Xinjiang,China

Identifying the sex pheromone systems of local pest populations facilitates their management, especially for moth species that show significant geographic variation in sex pheromone communication. We investigated the pheromone production and behavioral responses of the Asian corn borer(Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée; ACB) in Xinjiang, China. The ACB produces three compounds:(Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate(Z12-14:Ac) and(E)-12-tetradecenyl acetate(E12-14:Ac)which are two sex pheromone compounds, and n-te...     

Temperature sensitive programming of the silkmoth flight clock: a mechanism for adapting to the seasons

When males of the silkmoth Antheraea pernyi were exposed to 12 degrees C diuring adult development and then tested for flight activity at 25 degrees C, the time of the onset of the activity was advanced to the early part of the night. This change in the time of activity was stable and persisted through the life of the moth. Females showed a corresponding shift in the time of sex pheromone release when they were treated in the same fashion.     

黄斑长翅卷蛾性信息素测报与诱捕作用研究

黄斑长翅卷蛾是我国北方果园的重要害虫。研究了利用性信息素在桃园与苹果园对第一代夏型黄斑长翅卷蛾的预测预报及诱捕作用,结果表明,在桃园和苹果园其诱捕数量与田间成虫羽化规律及雄虫的羽化动态表现一致,在桃园和苹果园诱捕量与雄虫羽化数相关系数分别达0.968和0.982。测报结果还表明,黄斑卷叶蛾第一代成虫羽化高峰期在桃园比苹果园早,因此利用性信息素测报与防治黄斑长翅卷蛾在果园的无公害治理中具有良好前景。     

河西走廊中西部风能资源的时空分布特征及储量研究（摘要）

[目的]探讨河西走廊中西部风能资源的时空分布特征及储量。[方法]利用河西走廊中西部10个气象观测站1955～2007年风速气象资料和2007年～12月专用风塔精细资料,研究了该区域内风能资源的分布特征及其储量。[结果]河西走廊中西部环境风速相对比较稳定,气候特征分布上无明显的跳跃式变化;风能资源分布存在明显的地域性差别,瓜州县和玉门市附近存在1个风能大值区;区域内风能普遍较高,10m高度层内风能密度在100w/m2以上,大部分地方在140w/m2左右,大值地带在200w/m2以上;垂直方向上风能随高度呈线性增长,平均每升高10m风能约增加15w/m2左右,50m层风能普遍大于240w/m2。河西走廊中西部风能存在明显的日、年变化,3～5月是风能密集阶段;距地面高度10m处风能在10：00前后处于低值,从11：00以后不断增大,到18：00前后达到日最大,然后逐渐减小。区域内年有效风速时数普遍在6200h以上,大值区接近7600h。[结论]为河西走廊中西部风能的开发利用提供了理论结据。     

Male Esterase 6 Catalyzes the Synthesis of a Sex Pheromone in Drosophila melanogaster Females

Esterase 6, a component of the seminal fluid of Drosophila melanogaster males, hydrolyzes cis-vaccenyl acetate, a lipid made only by males, to cis-vaccenyl alcohol. This reaction occurs in the female reproductive tract and is virtually complete within 6 hours after copulation. Both the alcohol and the acetate decrease the number of matings among pairs of virgin flies in which the female is treated topically with these substances. Although females tested 10 minutes after copulation elicit less courtship than virgin females, females tested 6 hours after copulation stimulate even less courtship if they received active esterase 6 in the seminal fluid of their respective mates. Either the alcohol or a derivative appears to be an antiaphrodisiac that decreases courtship elicited by inseminated females and thus reduces the probability of further mating. Thus the activity of the pheromone depends on a final reaction which occurs in the female, using both substrate and enzyme provided by the male.