城市生态园林与生物多样性保护探讨

随着社会的发展以及人们生活质量水平的提高,人们对于城市生态园林的建设以及发展提出了新的要求,需要将生物多样性保护以及城市生态园林建设工作相结合,进一步提高城市居民的生活质量,为此本文在阐述城市生态园林与生物多样性关系的基础上,提出有效的措施来做好城市生态园林建设以及生物多样性保护工作.     

云南轿子山生物多样性的保护战略与工作开展对策

目前,由于大多数城市的不合理开发建设,生态系统受到破坏.通过对植物资源进行相关研究,提出各种措施,其中包括建立自然保护区、生境走廊建设、建立种质保护和繁殖基地等,加强生物多样性保护,从而达到人与自然的和谐、有序发展.     

园林建设与生物多样性保护

生物多样性是人类赖以生存和发展的多种生命资源的总汇。保护与发展生物多样性,对于人类的生存及社会经济的持续发展有着重大意义。在近代,由于人类活动的巨大干扰,天然生物资源日益减少,生物多样性面临极大威胁。当今,保护生物多样性的紧迫性已超过了历史上的任何时期。     

益阳城市植物多样性调查与保护规划研究

以益阳城市植物为研究对象,采用线路调查与样方调查相结合的方法对益阳植物进行实地调查,分析了益阳城市植物多样性水平现状情况,研究了益阳城市植物多样性保护规划内容以及规划建设策略,以期为益阳城市植物多样性的有效保护提供参考依据。结果表明:益阳城市规划区范围内维管束植物共计145科481属955种;中心城区园林植物资源共计232种,隶属于62科、105属;益阳城市植物多样性整体水平一般,城市园林绿化过度依赖外来种,乡土植物在城市园林中的使用率较低。     

甘肃金昌市生物多样性保护与建设探讨

生物多样性是人类赖以生存和发展的基础,通过调查分析金昌生物多样性的现状和存在的问题,提出保护生物多样性的措施。     

浅谈城市园林绿化中的生物多样性

城市园林绿化建设是城市生态环境建设的主体。保护和增加生物多样性是城市绿化建设的目的之一,也是提高其生态功能的主要手段。本文概述了城市绿化建设中保护和增加生物多样性的必要性,探索了生物多样性保护的有效途径。     

菏泽市城市绿地植物多样性保护规划研究

选取菏泽市中心城区具有代表性的公园绿地、附属绿地和防护绿地,应用物种丰富度指数(S)、多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数)、优势度指数(Simpson指数)和Pielou均匀度指数(E)对不同绿地植物群落进行研究分析,并对菏泽市其它绿地植物多样性进行实地调查研究。结果表明:菏泽市城市绿地建设中应以塑造"平原森林城市"为目标,注重应用乡土树种和模拟自然群落,研究并总结出典型植物群落的树种配置和城市绿地植物配置比例,提出树立大城市观念,建立城乡连续的植物多样性保护体系。     

城市绿化应注重生物多样性保护

近年来我国对生态环境建设越来越重视,人们对生态设计的呼声也越来越高,加之近年西方生态设计理论与具体实践成果不断被介绍到国内,使国内学术界展开了对生态设计的大讨论。具     

新疆巴尔鲁克山自然保护区生物多样性及保护对策研究

在对巴尔鲁克山自然保护区进行多次综合科学考察并文献查阅与标本鉴定基础上,系统的对该区生物物种进行了分类与统计.结果表明:自然保护区内分布的植物有81科、444属、1 178种,其中蕨类植物15种,分属于7科9属;裸子植物7种,分属于3科4属;被子植物1 136种,分属于71科431属;主要植被类型有63个群系;保护区分布有兽类3目7科19种,鸟类16目42科149种,昆虫纲有14目、114科、426属、585种.最后,针对巴尔鲁克山自然保护区的现状和存在的问题,提出相应的保护对策.     

利用生物多样性防治园林植物病害的可行性分析

生物多样性防治园林植物病害在园林植物群落的研究目前还不多,借鉴农业上利用生物多样性防治作物病害、植物病害发生机制与生物多样性关系2方面的研究,对利用生物多样性防治园林植物病害的可行性进行分析,认为利用生物多样性防治园林植物病害是未来发展的方向。     

山东省大型真菌生物多样性及资源保护与可持续利用

经过大量实地调查和数量统计．对山东省大型真菌进行了生物多样性研究．按照目前国内外普遍使用的Ainsworth G．C．（1973）的分类系统，共有255种隶属于6纲、14目、45科、儿3属。根据其生长基质和营养方式的不同可划分为昆虫寄生菌、木腐茼、菌根菌、粪生菌、土壤腐生菌、真菌共生菌、落叶生茼、真菌寄生茼、植物寄生菌、天麻共生菌等10个生态类型．阐述了山东大型真菌的资源开发与保护利用中值得注意的几个问题．提出了进一步研究、保护和持续利用这一生物资源的合理化建议。     

Biodiversity in sacred urban spaces of Bengaluru,India

Urban green spaces provide critical social and ecological support for cities, but we know little about their diversity and composition in cities of the Global South. This is especially true of lesser known urban spaces such as sacred sites, which are of important cultural and biodiversity significance. We examine tree diversity and composition in sacred sites in Bengaluru, one of India’s fastest growing cities. We recorded 5504 trees from 93 species across 62 temples, churches, and Hindu, Christian and Muslim cemeteries in central areas of Bengaluru. Over half (52%) of the tree species were of native origin, a much higher proportion when compared to other green spaces in the city such as parks. Tree density in sacred sites was much higher than that in parks and informal settlements in Bengaluru. Temples and Hindu cemeteries contained the highest proportion of native species, with large numbers of Ficus benghalensis, a keystone sacred species. Trees in sacred spaces provide an important buffer against urban environmental stress in Indian cities, and serve as refuges for urban wildlife and biodiversity. We need greater information on these lesser known, but culturally significant alternate spaces. They play an important, though ignored role in the environmental sustainability of rapidly growing cities in the Global South.     

Assessing land-use impacts on biodiversity using an expert systems tool

Habitat alteration, in the form of land-use development, is a leading cause of biodiversity loss in the U.S. and elsewhere. Although statutes in the U.S. may require consideration of biodiversity in local land-use planning and regulation, local governments lack the data, resources, and expertise to routinely consider biotic impacts that result from permitted land uses. We hypothesized that decision support systems could aid solution of this problem. We developed a pilot biodiversity expert systems tool (BEST) to test that hypothesis and learn what additional scientific and technological advancements are required for broad implementation of such a system. BEST uses data from the U.S. Geological Survey's Gap Analysis Program (GAP) and other data in a desktop GIS environment. The system provides predictions of conflict between proposed land uses and biotic elements and is intended for use at the start of the development review process. Key challenges were the development of categorization systems that relate named land-use types to ecological impacts, and relate sensitivities of biota to ecological impact levels. Although the advent of GAP and sophisticated desktop GIS make such a system feasible for broad implementation, considerable ongoing research is required to make the results of such a system scientifically sound, informative, and reliable for the regulatory process. We define a role for local government involvement in biodiversity impact assessment, the need for a biodiversity decision support system, the development of a prototype system, and scientific needs for broad implementation of a robust and reliable system.     

园林植物养护存在的问题及解决对策

针对目前我国园林植物养护环节薄弱的现状,从园林植物养护的重要性出发,对园林植物养护中存在的问题进行分析,并提出了相应的解决方法。     

Urban greenspace delivery in Hong Kong: Spatial-institutional limitations and solutions

Hong Kong has developed an ultra-dense urban form dominated by buildings and roads with inadequate urban greenspace (UGS). Analyzing the fundamental constraints to UGS provision offers hints for improvements which are relevant to other compact cities. Twenty-five current issues regarding institutional and spatial limitations were evaluated with reference to three themes: open-space planning standards, urban-design guidelines and urban-greening governance. They were studied by interpreting relevant parts of government documents spanning the 1980s to 2015, map analysis, and field assessments. UGS standards of selected cities, and extensive research findings and practices reported in the literature specific to the respective constraints, have been enlisted for comparison and as the basis for formulating recommendations to improve delivery quantity and quality. The low local supply at merely 2.84 m²/person is tied down by outdated planning standards and policies which have remained unchanged for eight decades. UGS planning, design and management could be enhanced based on urban ecology and landscape ecology principles and best international practices, with suitable adjustments catering to local circumstances and the inordinately tight urban fabric. The package of suggested solutions in relation to the 25 institutional and spatial constraints could be considered for applications in other cities with compact precincts or undergoing densification to forestall problems and resolve difficulties.     

Gap analysis: concepts,methods, and recent results*

Rapid progress is being made in the conceptual, technical, and organizational requirements for generating synoptic multi-scale views of the earth's surface and its biological content. Using the spatially comprehensive data that are now available, researchers, land managers, and land-use planners can, for the first time, quantitatively place landscape units – from general categories such as Forests or Cold-Deciduous Shrubland Formation to more categories such as Picea glauca-Abies balsamea-Populus spp. Forest Alliance – in their large-area contexts. The National Gap Analysis Program (GAP) has developed the technical and organizational capabilities necessary for the regular production and analysis of such information. This paper provides a brief overview of concepts and methods as well as some recent results from the GAP projects. Clearly, new frameworks for biogeographic information and organizational cooperation are needed if we are to have any hope of documenting the full range of species occurrences and ecological processes in ways meaningful to their management. The GAP experience provides one model for achieving these new frameworks.     

水利工程施工中的水土保持研究

文章在分析造成水土流失的主要危害的基础上,并结合当地水土流失的实际情况,总结并提出了符合当地现状的治理措施,以供其它类似地区在水土保持实施中借鉴采纳。