红栓菌多糖对无机硒的生物转化

本论文进行了红栓菌对硒的耐受力及其菌丝体多糖对硒富集作用的研究。结果表明，红栓菌具有较强的富硒能力，在发酵培养基中添加硒浓度达到20μg／mL时，对菌丝体生长的抑制率最小，菌丝体干重和多糖含量达到最大值，分别为4.3mg／mL和29．8mg／g同时进行了红栓菌多糖富硒的发酵务件优化：pH5．5，接种量10％，装液量80mL／500mL三角瓶，28℃，200rpm培养3d，在发酵起始加入硒溶液，菌丝体多糖及多糖中硒含量分别达到27．3mg／g和816．7μg／g，多糖对无机硒的转化率为34．2％。     

香灰菌浸出液对银耳菌丝体生长的影响

结果表明，香灰菌浸出液对促进银耳菌丝体稳定生长，延缓其胶质化具有较好作用。添加了香灰菌浸出液的培养基较适于银耳菌丝体的稳定生长，但以香灰菌浸出液加入量为５００ｍＬ的ＡＬ５培养基效果最好，同时试验结果还表明：香灰菌菌龄及不同培养方式对这种促进作用影响不大。     

克菌对金针菇病害抗杀药效的评价

采用平板加药抑菌法，研究了32％克菌乳油对金针菇栽培中出现的主要病害的抗杀作用。实验结果表明：32％克菌乳油在0．1‰以上浓度对金针菇褐斑病病原菌（细菌）和绵腐病病原菌孢子抑制作用强，无菌落生长；在0．2‰以上浓度对木霉、青霉孢子抑制作用也很强，无菌落生长；在0．05‰-0.7‰浓度范围内对金针菇F21菌丝体抑制作用明显，菌丝几乎不生长。药物对金针菇绵腐病菌丝体抑制方面呈现出随浓度增加抑制作用增强的效果，当浓度超过0.3‰时，抑制程度几乎达到最大值。     

平菇黄腐病源菌致病机理的研究初探

主要采用平菇菌丝体固体和液体培养以及子实体人工感染试验,研究平菇黄腐病源菌--荧光假单孢菌对平菇菌丝的影响.结果表明:在固体培养2 d的菌丝体周围接入致病菌后,菌丝生长受到了明显的抑制.在培养3 d长有菌丝球的液体培养基中接入致病菌后,导致菌丝体被严重分解,培养液pH下降.经采用几丁质固体培养基和纤维素固体培养基培养病原菌后,发现在菌落周围能够产生透明圈,表明该菌能够产生几丁质和纤维索酶,因此对平菇菌丝细胞壁具有分解和破坏作用.     

枸杞子水提物对采绒革盖菌木质纤维素酶和木质素酶活性的影响

以梯度试验方法研究了采绒革盖菌（Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｕｓ ｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｌｏｒ）在含不同量枸杞子（Ｌｙｃｉｕｍ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ）水煎液的ＰＤＹ液体培养基中生长时,纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、木质素酶（漆酶、邻苯二酚氧化酶、愈创木酚氧化酶）活性的变化。结果表明,培养基中含有４％￣５％的枸杞子水提物能明显促进菌丝体生长,显著增强胞内和胞外酶活性。     

共生法培养外生菌根菌菌丝体

首次报道外生菌根菌的共生培养法初步研究了一个较好的外生菌根菌菌丝体培养方法，即将宿主的愈伤组织与外生菌根共同培养，可以明显地促进真菌菌丝的萌发和生长。愈伤组织匀浆液也可促进菌丝体早期生长。     

裂蹄木层孔菌菌丝培养及其应用研究

我们研究了裂蹄木层孔菌菌丝培养方法。该菌菌丝体在大麦培养基上生长最好。从菌丝体中提取的粗多糖对动物进行的抗癌实验研究表明,该菌丝体粗多糖对小白鼠Ｓ－１８０及Ｌ１２１０的抑制率各达５０％,５０５％。     

硫磺菌原生质体的制备

试验分析了酶浓度、菌龄、渗透压稳定剂以及酶解温度和时间等因素对硫磺菌原生质体产出量的影响。结果表明：采用液体发酵培养第5天的菌丝体,以0．6mol／L KCl作渗透压稳定剂,加入1．5g/L混合酶（即纤维素酶与蜗牛酶按1：1混合）在30℃下酶解3．5h,制备原生质体效果最佳,原生质体产出量可达8．9×10^7个／mL。     

三十烷醇与培养液pH及培养温度的变化对黄绿蜜环菌菌丝体生长的影响

研究了黄绿蜜环菌在生长调节剂三十烷醇、培养液起始pH值和培养环境温度的变化对菌丝体生长的影响,结果表明：培养基加入生长调节剂三十烷醇1.5×10-7mg/mL效果显著,菌落直径达4.238cm,而对照只有3.237cm。培养液起始pH6.0～7.0时,菌丝体细胞干重达到5.474～5.828mg/mL。而培养温度在25～30℃菌丝体生长迅速,细胞干重达6.910～7.232mg/mL。     

鸡Zong菌和粗柄鸡Zong菌的原生质体制备与再生研究

在适宜培养条件下,振荡培养４－５ｄ的鸡Ｚｏｎｇ菌和粗粗柄鸡Ｚｏｎｇ菌幼嫩菌丝,经过滤洗涤收信,以０．６ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌ为渗透压稳定剂,用１％纤维素酶加０．５％蜗牛酶的混合酶液处理,于２８℃酶解３－４ｈ,可获得大量原生质体,产量达２．８２＊１０＾６－３．２４＊１０＾６／ｍＬ。但所形的原生质体再生能力较差,再生率仅０．６％－１．２％。本文还详细研究了菌龄,酶系统,酶解温度和时间等多种因素对这种两鸡Ｚｏ     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.