左旋咪唑对地米塞松预处理鸡免疫功能的影响

系统观察了左旋咪唑对地塞米松预处理鸡免疫状态的作用。结果表明地塞米松明显抑制鸡免疫功能，抑制鸡外周血淋巴细胞IL－2活性，可使体内抗SRBC抗体滴度、抗BA抗体滴度、抗BSA抗体滴度、血清总补体活性（CH50）降低。10mg/kg左旋咪唑可拮抗地塞米松对鸡外周血淋巴细胞IL－2活性的抑制作用，可拮抗地塞米松对鸡体内抗SRBC抗体、抗BSA抗体和抗BA抗体产生的抑制，也可明显拮抗地塞米松对鸡体内补体产生的抑制作用，使地塞米松抑制免疫鸡外周血淋巴细胞IL－2活性、产生抗体和产生补体恢复至或超过正常鸡水平。     

左旋咪唑对地塞米松预处理鸡免疫功能的影响

系统观察了左旋咪唑对地塞米松预处理鸡免疫状态的作用.结果表明地塞米松明显抑制鸡免疫功能,抑制鸡外周血淋巴细胞IL-2活性,可使体内抗SRBC抗体滴度、抗BA抗体滴度、抗BSA抗体滴度、血清总补体活性(CH50)降低.10mg/kg左旋咪唑可拮抗地塞米松对鸡外周血淋巴细胞IL-2活性的抑制作用,可拮抗地塞米松对鸡体内抗SRBC抗体、抗BSA抗体和抗BA抗体产生的抑制,也可明显拮抗地塞米松对鸡体内补体产生的抑制作用,使地塞米松抑制免疫鸡外周血淋巴细胞IL-2活性、产生抗体和产生补体恢复至或超过正常鸡水平.     

西咪替丁在体内对地塞米松预处理鸡免疫状态的影响

对地塞米松预处理鸡投以１０－１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量的西咪替丁,进行了后者对前者作用影响的观察。结果表明：地塞米松能抑制伴刀豆球蛋白Ａ（ｃｏｎＡ）引起的鸡外周血淋巴细胞（ＢＰＬ）之ＩＬ－２活性,而西咪替丁对这种抑制作用有显著的拮抗作用;地塞米松能抑制动物对绵工细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）和牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）等２种胸腺依赖性抗原和非胸腺依赖性抗原流产布鲁氏菌（ＢＡ）的抗体应答,但这种抑制作用会因西咪替丁逆转;西     

甲硝唑对鸡新城疫病活疫苗免疫效果影响的观察

本研究进行观察甲硝唑药物对鸡ND疫苗初次免疫的影响。结果显示高母源抗体雏鸡免疫ND疫苗前应用甲硝唑，用药鸡免疫后抗NDV抗体滴度明显升高；免疫后应用甲硝唑，抗NDV抗体滴度也明显高于未用药鸡；左旋咪唑具有类似作用。甲硝唑用药鸡ND疫苗二次免疫后，鸡血清抗NDV抗体滴度明显高于未用药鸡；左旋咪唑也具有类似作用。     

甲硝唑对鸡传染性法氏囊病活疫苗免疫效果的影响

本研究观察了药物对传染性法氏囊病（IBD）活疫苗初次免疫和二次免疫的影响，结果显示高抗传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）母源抗体雏鸡IBD活疫苗初次免疫前应用10－100毫克／千克甲硝唑和10毫克／千克左旋咪唑，在免疫鸡血清抗IBDV抗体水平明显下降，甲硝唑用药鸡疫苗二次免疫后，血清抗IBDV抗体滴度明显高于未用药对照组。10毫克／千克左旋咪唑给药组疫苗二次免疫后鸡血清抗IBDV抗体滴度与未用药对照组无明显差别。     

甲硝唑对鸡传染性法氏囊病活疫苗免疫效果的影响

本研究观察了药物对传染性法氏囊病(IBD)活疫苗初次免疫和二次免疫的影响,结果显示高抗传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)母源抗体雏鸡IBD活疫苗初次免疫前应用10～100毫克/千克甲硝唑和10毫克/千克左旋咪唑,在免疫鸡血清抗IBDV抗体水平均明显下降,甲硝唑用药鸡疫苗二次免疫后,血清抗IBDV抗体滴度明显高于未用药对照组.10毫克/千克左旋咪唑给药组疫苗二次免疫后鸡血清抗IBDV抗体滴度与未用药对照组无明显差别.     

甲硝唑对鸡马立克氏病疫苗免疫作用影响的观察

选1日龄雏鸡,肌肉注射火鸡疱疹病毒(HVT)冻干疫苗,随机分为4组,每组20只.1组和2组鸡免疫同时分别应用10、100毫克/千克体重·天甲硝唑,3组免疫同时应用10毫克/千克体重·天左旋咪唑,连用3天,4组为空白对照组.采集外周血淋巴细胞和血清,应用淋巴细胞转化试验和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定T淋巴细胞转化和抗HVT抗体滴度.结果表明,10和100毫克/千克体重·天甲硝唑用药鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化和鸡血清抗HVT抗体滴度均比空白对照组明显升高;10毫克/千克体重·天左旋咪唑用药后也具有类似作用.     

甲哨唑对鸡细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的作用

本试验观察了甲硝唑对鸡细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的作用，并与左旋咪唑进行了比较。结果表明2．5－400mg/kg甲哨唑可显著促进鸡外周血T淋巴细胞增殖，但对B淋巴细胞无明显影响；可使CD4^ /CD8^ 淋巴细胞比值明显升高；可使鸡外周血淋巴细胞诱生IL－2活性明显增强；可使鸡体内抗颗粒性胸腺依赖性抗原SRBC抗体滴度、抗可溶性胸腺依赖性抗原BSA抗体滴度和抗非胸腺依赖性抗原BA抗体滴度明显升高；可使鸡血清总补体活性明显升高。与甲硝唑比较，左旋咪唑也存在着非常类似的作用，2．5－10mg/kg左旋咪唑可明显促进外周血T淋巴细胞增殖，可使CD4^ /CD8^ 淋巴细胞比值明显升高；可使鸡外周血淋巴细胞诱生IL－2活性明显增强；可使鸡体内抗SRBC抗体滴度、抗BSA抗体滴度和抗BA抗体滴度均明显升高；10mg/kg左旋咪唑甲硝唑可使血清补体总活性升高。上述结果表明甲硝唑和左旋咪唑两种咪唑类化合物在促进鸡细胞免疫和体液免疫可能存在着相似的作用机制。     

左旋咪唑对鸡传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫效果影响的观察

为观察左旋咪唑对鸡传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫效果的影响，进行2个实验：试验1，饮水给予10mg/kg.d左旋咪唑，连用3d，然后进行鸡传染性法氏囊病疫苗初次免疫，免疫后14－21d，鸡血清抗IBDV抗体滴度明显降低；试验2，鸡在初次免疫后35d进行第2次免疫，且在2次免疫前先应用10mg/kg.d左旋咪唑，连用3d，免疫后鸡血清抗IBDV抗体滴度无明显变化。     

甲硝唑对鸡回忆性体液免疫应答反应的作用

本试验系统观察了甲硝唑对鸡回忆性体液免疫应答反应的作用,并与咪唑类化合物左旋咪唑进行了比较。28日龄鸡,免疫注射绵羊红细胞 牛血清白蛋白(SRBC BSA)悬液,或稀释的布氏杆菌(BA)抗原。56日龄时,以10.0、100.0mg/kg甲硝唑或10.0mg/kg 左旋咪唑饮水给药,连用3d,给药第二天同时进行第二次免疫注射。结果表明甲硝唑(10.0~100.0mg/kg)可使鸡体内对颗粒性胸腺依赖性抗原SRBC和非胸腺依赖性抗原BA抗体滴度回忆性免疫应答反应明显升高;但使鸡对可溶性胸腺依赖性抗原BSA抗体滴度回忆性免疫应答反应明显降低。与甲硝唑比较,左旋咪唑(10.0mg/kg)也存在着非常类似的作用。     

左旋咪唑对鸡细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的作用

系统研究了左旋咪唑对鸡细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的作用。结果表明左旋咪唑可影响正常鸡的免疫功能 :左旋咪唑可显著促进鸡外周血T淋巴细胞增殖 ,但对B淋巴细胞无明显影响 :2 5～ 1 0mg/kg左旋咪唑可使CD+4/CD+8淋巴细胞比值明显升高 ;左旋咪唑可使鸡体内抗颗粒性、胸腺依赖性抗原SRBC抗体滴度 ,抗可溶性、胸腺依赖性抗原BSA抗体滴度和抗非胸腺依赖性抗原BA抗体滴度均明显升高 ;2 5～ 1 0mg/kg左旋咪唑可使鸡血清总补体活性明显升高。左旋咪唑影响正常鸡回忆性免疫应答反应 :左旋咪唑 ( 1 0mg/kg)可使二次免疫鸡抗SRBC抗体滴度和抗BA抗体滴度回忆性免疫应答反应明显升高 ;但使鸡对抗BSA抗体滴度回忆性免疫应答反应明显降低。     

地塞米松和左旋咪唑对雏鸡体液免疫应答的影响

分别向免疫期间的各组鸡群给予不同剂量的地塞米松、左旋咪唑后 ,在不同日龄采取血样 ,用血凝抑制 (HI)试验和间接红细胞凝集 (IHA)试验分别对雏鸡新城疫病毒 (NDV)和传染性法氏囊病病毒 (IBDV)抗体滴度进行监测。结果表明 ,小剂量 (0 .1m g/ kg)地塞米松对抗体滴度影响不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而中 (0 .5 mg/ kg)、高 (1.5 mg/ kg)剂量对抗体的产生有显著的抑制作用 (P <0 .0 1) ;小 (5 mg/ kg)、中 (10 mg/ kg)剂量左旋咪唑对抗体的产生有显著的增强作用 (P <0 .0 1) ,而大剂量 (2 5 mg/ kg)对抗体滴度无显著影响 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;对于因地塞米松造成的免疫抑制 ,小、中剂量左旋咪唑可使抗体滴度恢复至对照组水平 ,甚至对照组水平以上 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而大剂量左旋咪唑不能逆转由于地塞米松造成的免疫抑制 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

In vivo gene transfer into skeletal muscle of neonatal chicks by electroporation

Chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) show considerable growth of skeletal muscle during the neonatal period. The in vivo gene transfer method is useful for studying gene function and can be employed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle growth in chicks. We evaluated the following conditions for gene transfer to the skeletal muscle of neonatal chicks by electroporation: (i) voltage; (ii) age of the chick; (iii) plasmid DNA injected amount; and (iv) duration of gene expression. The results obtained from this study indicate that the most efficient gene transfer condition was as follows: 75 µg of plasmid DNA encoding β‐galactosidase was injected into the gastrocnemius muscle of chicks at 4 days of age electroporated at 50 V/cm. In addition, peak transferred gene expression was observed from 3 days to 5 days after electroporation. Our results provide optimal electroporation conditions for elucidating the gene function related to skeletal muscle growth and development in neonatal chicks.     

日粮脂肪来源对肉鸡免疫功能的影响

肉鸡日粮中分别添加７％的猪油、玉米油、亚麻子油和鱼油,检测血清抗ＳＲＢＣ抗体滴度和伴刀豆球蛋白Ａ（ｃｏｎＡ）、商陆分裂素（ＰＷＭ）对脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖反应。结果表明,四种脂肪对抗体生成有明显促进作用,其中以鱼油作用更显著;四种脂肪亦可明显促进脾脏淋巴细胞增殖,但脂肪种类对促进淋巴细胞增殖作用差异不大;鱼油可促进肉鸡生长,其余三种脂肪对肉鸡体重影响不大。     

In vivo effect of ascorbic acid on neutrophil function in healthy and dexamethasone-treated cattle

Ascorbic acid (20 mg/kg of body weight) administered subcutaneously to otherwise nontreated cattle resulted in enhancement of neutrophil oxidative metabolism and capability of neutrophils to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Random migration, bacterial ingestion, and iodination by neutrophils was unaffected. Three dosage levels of ascorbic acid (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg) were examined for their effects on neutrophil function in cattle treated with dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg). Dexamethasone administration caused an enhancement of neutrophil random migration and a suppression of neutrophil oxidative metabolism, iodination, and ADCC. None of the dosage levels of ascorbic acid had an effect on the alterations in the WBC count induced by dexamethasone. The ascorbic acid did tend to reverse the effects of dexamethasone on neutrophil random migration, oxidative metabolism, and ADCC in a dose-dependent manner, with the lowest dose having no discernible effect. Ascorbic acid administration also tended to enhance Staphylococcus aureus ingestion by bovine neutrophils. These results indicate that ascorbic acid should be further investigated for its potential to reduce the susceptibility of stressed or glucocorticoid-treated cattle to infective processes.     

In vivo measurement of central corneal thickness in normal chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) with the optical low-coherence reflectometer

Objective To determine the practicability and accuracy of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements in living chicks utilizing a noncontact, high‐speed optical low‐coherence reflectometer (OLCR) mounted on a slit lamp. Animals studied Twelve male chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus). Procedures Measurements of CCT were obtained in triplicate in 24 eyes of twelve 1‐day‐old anaesthetized chicks using OLCR. Every single measurement taken by OLCR consisted of the average result of 20 scans obtained within seconds. Additionally, corneal thickness was determined histologically after immersion fixation in Karnovsky’s solution alone (20 eyes) or with a previous injection of the fixative into the anterior chamber before enucleation (4 eyes). Results Central corneal thickness measurements using OLCR in 1‐day‐old living chicks provide a rapid and feasible examination technique. Mean CCT measured with OLCR (189.7 ± 3.34 μm) was significantly lower than histological measurements (242.1 ± 47.27 μm) in eyes with fixation in Karnovsky’s solution (P = 0.0005). In eyes with additional injection of Karnovsky’s fixative into the anterior chamber, mean histologically determined CCT was 195.2 ± 8.25 μm vs. 191.9 ± 8.90 μm with OLCR. A trend for a lower variance was found compared to the eyes that had only been immersion fixed. Conclusion Optical low‐coherence reflectometry is an accurate examination technique to measure in vivo CCT in the eye of newborn chicks. The knowledge of the thickness of the chick cornea and the ability to obtain noninvasive, noncontact measurements of CCT in the living animal may be of interest for research and development of eye diseases in chick models.     

中草药饲料添加剂对三黄鸡血液生化指标和免疫功能的影响

为研究不同剂量的中草药饲料添加剂对三黄鸡血液生化指标和免疫功能的影响,试验选用1日龄健康的三黄鸡150只,随机分成基础日粮组、基础日粮+0.06％阿莫西林组、基础日粮+0.7 g/kg中草药制剂组、基础日粮+1.0 g/kg中草药制剂组、基础日粮+1.3 g/kg中草药制剂组共5个组,采用舍内笼养,试验期为42 d.结...     

非洲雏鸵鸟十二指肠发育的形态学研究

采用大体解剖学、组织化学和形态计量学的方法研究了0~3月龄非洲鸵鸟十二指肠的发育过程。观察了十二指肠的相对质量(相对于体质量),绒毛的高度、宽度、肌层厚度、肠腺隐窝的深度、肠腺的密度、绒毛杯状细胞、肠腺杯状细胞的数量变化。观察到十二指肠的相对质量在90日龄达到高峰;肠绒毛的高度、肌层厚度、肠腺隐窝的深度、肠腺的密度与日龄呈正相关;肠绒毛和肠腺的宽度在90日龄时达到峰值;绒毛杯状细胞、肠腺杯状细胞的数量从初生至45日龄随日龄增加而增加,45日龄至90日龄随日龄增加而减少,在45日龄达顶峰。结果表明,0~3月龄十二指肠的发育不完善,必须重视此阶段的饲养管理。     

Translocation of intrauterine-infused bacterial lipopolysaccharides to the mammary gland in dexamethasone-treated goats

Our previous study showed that intrauterine-infused lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can be translocated to the mammary gland to induce weak inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether dexamethasone treatment facilitated the translocation of LPS from the uterus to the mammary gland to induce a heavy inflammatory response. Sixteen goats were divided into control and LPS groups, subjected to daily dexamethasone administration before saline or LPS infusion. Milk and blood samples were collected before and after LPS infusion to determine the milk yield and somatic cell count (SCC) and blood leucocyte count (BLC), cytokines, antimicrobial peptides and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations. Mammary gland tissues were collected from two goats before and 24 hr after LPS infusion for immunohistochemical analysis of LPS. The mean SCC in the LPS group was significantly higher, whereas the milk yield was significantly lower than that in the control group after LPS infusion. The mean BLC in the LPS group was significantly lower than in the control group after LPS infusion. Furthermore, milk concentrations of IL-1β, S100A8 and lactoferrin were higher in the LPS group than in the control group after infusion. LPS was detected in the connective tissues and inner alveolar spaces of the mammary glands 24 hr after LPS infusion. We concluded that dexamethasone administration facilitated the translocation of intrauterine-infused LPS to the mammary gland, where it induced an inflammatory response. Therefore, LPS translocated from other organs, such as the uterus, can induce heavy inflammation in the mammary gland under immunosuppressive conditions.