干旱胁迫下3树种苗木叶片相对含水量、质膜相对透性和脯氨酸含量的变化

以金沙江干热河谷主要造林树种坡柳、银合欢和山毛豆的苗木为实验材料,通过盆栽苗自然干旱胁迫,同时以浇水处理为对照,探讨了干旱胁迫下3树种苗木叶片的相对含水量、质膜透性以及脯氨酸含量的变化情况。结果表明,干旱胁迫后,3树种苗木叶片的相对含水量、质膜相对透性以及脯氨酸含量都发生了变化,只是变化的幅度和进程不同。经三项生理指标的综合分析并结合3树种的自然表现,得出坡柳具有较强的抗旱能力,其次为银合欢,最后是山毛豆。     

干旱胁迫对5树种叶片中脯氨酸含量的影响

采用盆栽法，测定了银杏、柿树、石榴、李子和酸枣５ 个树种在干旱胁迫下以及复水后叶片中游离脯氨酸含量的变化。结果表明，在干旱胁迫程度较轻时，不同树种叶片中游离脯氨酸含量及其变化率增减不一；但在严重干旱胁迫（ 土壤相对含水量＜ ２５ ％ ） 下，脯氨酸含量及其变化率均急剧增加，即使在干旱胁迫解除后，脯氨酸含量仍增加剧烈。脯氨酸的累积更近乎是严重干旱胁迫下的一种反应特征；在严重干旱胁迫下， 抗旱性强的树种， 脯氨酸的累积量及其变化率高。     

丛枝菌根化香椿、秋枫幼苗对干旱胁迫生理响应

以香椿（Toona sinensis）、秋枫（Bischofia javanica）实生种子苗为试验材料,研究干旱胁迫下丛枝菌根化香椿、秋枫幼苗叶片质膜透性、游离脯氨酸含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化.结果表明：随着干旱胁迫程度加重及胁迫时间延长,香椿、秋枫幼苗叶片质膜透性、游离脯氨酸含量呈增加趋势,SOD活性在胁迫处理4天时明显增加,之后随着胁迫时间延长无明显变化趋势.中度干旱胁迫（田间持水量40％）处理20天时,菌根化香椿、秋枫幼苗叶片质膜透性、游离脯氨酸含量及SOD活性均高于非菌根化苗.这说明,接种丛枝菌根能有效促进香椿、秋枫幼苗生理抗旱性,且干旱胁迫程度越重效果越显著.     

干旱胁迫对4种豫楸1号嫁接苗膜脂过氧化作用的影响

用盆栽自然干旱法对4种豫楸1号嫁接苗进行干旱胁迫,测定胁迫对MDA含量、质膜透性及叶片含水量的影响.结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,豫楸1号4种砧木嫁接苗MDA含量和质膜透性呈现持续增大的趋势,二者之间的变化趋势一致.金丝楸砧的MDA含量与梓树砧间差异达到极显著水平,4种砧木的相对电导率均与各自对照间差异达到了极显著水平.豫楸1号4种砧木嫁接苗的叶片相对含水量均随干旱胁迫的持续而下降.金丝楸砧和灰楸砧始终保持较大的降幅,而其它2种砧木嫁接苗在处理中期减少幅度较小.4种砧木嫁接苗的叶片水分饱和亏变化趋势与叶片相对含水量相反.综合评定豫楸1号4种砧木嫁接苗的抗旱性强弱依次为:金丝楸砧苗>本砧苗>灰楸砧苗>梓树砧苗.     

水分胁迫下臭椿幼苗几个生理指标的变化

臭椿苗木在水分胁迫下,相对含水量、叶绿素含量降低,质膜进性增大。随着水分胁迫时间的延长,苗木这几项生理指标所受的影响程度也加重。臭椿不同年龄阶段的苗木抗性不同。叶片质膜透性、相对含水量、叶绿素含量等指标,可作为评价臭椿苗木早期抗旱生理指标。     

几种花椒砧木的抗旱性研究

以6种初步筛选的花椒砧木为试验材料,通过盆栽试验和设置不同土壤水分含量,测定了不同干旱处理下不同种源花椒砧木的生长量、质膜相对透性、叶片相对含水量以及植株受害情况,并采用隶属函数法对6种砧木的抗旱性进行了综合评价。结果表明:与其他砧木相比,新材料ZYY-3在干旱胁迫下表现出较小的生长量变化和叶片相对含水量变化,质膜相对透性增幅不大,旱害症状轻,抗旱性优于较其它砧木。     

钙对草莓抗旱生理的影响

以草莓品种‘丰香’、‘章姬’为试材,研究干旱胁迫下不同浓度钙处理对草莓叶片相对电导率、脯氨酸含量和抗坏血酸含量的影响。结果表明：在干旱胁迫下,外源钙处理能在一定程度上增加草莓叶片脯氨酸的含量,降低质膜透性,缩小抗坏血酸含量下降幅度,从而减轻膜的损害,提高草莓的抗旱性。     

豫楸1号4种砧木嫁接苗对干旱胁迫的生理响应

对干旱胁迫条件下豫楸1号4种砧木嫁接苗保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、质膜透性和叶片含水量进行测定,研究豫楸1号不同砧木嫁接苗对干旱胁迫的生理响应.结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,豫楸1号4种砧木嫁接苗保护酶活性(SOD、POD、cAT)随干旱胁迫增加均呈现先上升后降低的变化趋势,金丝楸砧木嫁接苗的保护酶值比其他3种砧木嫁接苗均大,且其与梓砧嫁接苗的SOD值呈显著差异(P<0.05);豫楸1号4种砧木嫁接苗的Pro含量先上升后下降;MDA含量和质膜透性持续增大,二者之间的变化趋势一致;叶片相对含水量均随胁迫的加强而下降.运用综合隶属函数法评判豫楸1号4种砧木嫁接苗抗旱性大小顺序为:金丝楸砧木嫁接苗>自砧嫁接苗>梓树砧木嫁接苗>灰楸砧木嫁接苗,其中金丝楸砧木嫁接苗与其他3种砧木嫁接苗差异均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01).     

朝阳地区5个主要造林树种抗旱性研究

该文采用盆栽人为控制浇水量的方法,研究油松、沙棘、柠条、山杏、侧柏叶片的超氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量及相对含水率,随干旱胁迫天数增加的变化规律,并用隶属函数法综合评判各树种的抗旱性。结果表明:随着控水天数增加,5个树种的超氧化物歧化酶活性均先升高后降低,8 d达到最大值;丙二醛与脯氨酸变化相似,均逐渐升高;而叶片相对含水率则逐渐降低。5个树种的抗旱能力依次为:油松山杏沙棘柠条侧柏。     

4个菊花品种对干旱胁迫的生理响应及抗旱性评价

以国内常见的4个菊花Dendranthema morifolium栽培品种为试验材料,研究干旱胁迫下不同品种菊花的抗旱能力。结果表明：干旱胁迫下,4个菊花的气孔面积差异不显著,气孔密度、叶片厚度、栅栏组织和角质层厚度存在着显著差异,叶片总含水量、自由水含量、相对含水量和束缚水含量也存在显著差异。随胁迫强度的增加,叶片质膜透性持续增大,而叶绿素含量持续下降,4个菊花品种叶片内过氧化物酶的含量都随着干旱胁迫的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,“梦幻”的MDA含量在干旱胁迫下的变化不大,“红星”、“雪雁”、“落金钱”的MDA含量一直增加。隶属函数法综合评价4品种菊花抗旱性大小顺序为“雪雁”>“落金钱”>“红星”>“梦幻”。     

水分胁迫对油松和樟子松抗旱性影响

以油松和樟子松2 a生苗木为材料,通过不同梯度水分胁迫处理,研究辽西地区油松和樟子松抗旱性生理特征变化,结果表明:在各水分条件处理下,油松2 a生苗木MDA含量均小于樟子松,但CAT和Pro含量均高于樟子松,说明油松苗期抗旱性更强。在40%FMC处理时,油松MDA、CAT和Pro含量都小于对照,说明该水分水平未能使苗木出现干旱状态;而樟子松MDA、CAT和Pro含量都高于对照,苗木已经出现干旱状态。在30%FMC和20%FMC处理时,油松和樟子松苗木MDA、CAT和Pro含量都随水分胁迫程度加剧而增加。在干旱半干旱辽西地区培育油松和樟子松苗木时,土壤水分临界值应分别大于田间最大持水量40%和50%。     

Content Changes of Several Endogenous Plant Hormones in Female-Sterile Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.

To determine the relationship between female sterility of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. and plant hormones, content changes of several endogenous plant hormones in a female-sterile clone and a normal clone were analyzed during the key period of female gametophyte abortion in mutant clones. The change of ABA content showed a similar pattern between normal and mutant clones, but the ABA content of the mutant clone was always much higher than that of the normal clone. In the normal clone, the IAA content decreased significantly at the early stage of the period and reached its minimum during the first ten days of April and stabi- lized thereafter. The endogenous ZR levels increased sharply at the early stages and reached a maximum in the middle of April, then decreased dramatically. The IAA and ZR contents of the mutant clone did not change perceptively through the entire period. We con- clude that the high levels of ABA and the deficit of IAA and ZR may be the reasons of female gametophyte abortion in the fe- male-sterile clones of P. tabulaeformis.     

疑似“红针病”油松保护酶活性分析

油松是我国北方主要的造林绿化树种之一,在生态恢复和重建中具有重要作用。为分析清水河县油松疑似"红针病"的可能发病原因,文章比较了疑似"红针病"和健康油松的各种保护酶SOD、POD、CAT活性,MDA含量以及相对电导率,结果显示:与健康油松相比,感病油松的SOD、POD、CAT活性以及MDA含量均显著升高,相对电导率显著提高。     

Content changes of several endogenous plant hormones in female-sterile <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus tabulaeformis</Emphasis> Carr

To determine the relationship between female sterility of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. and plant hormones, content changes of several endogenous plant hormones in a female-sterile clone and a normal clone were analyzed during the key period of female gametophyte abortion in mutant clones. The change of ABA content showed a similar pattern between normal and mutant clones, but the ABA content of the mutant clone was always much higher than that of the normal clone. In the normal clone, the IAA content decreased significantly at the early stage of the period and reached its minimum during the first ten days of April and stabilized thereafter. The endogenous ZR levels increased sharply at the early stages and reached a maximum in the middle of April, then decreased dramatically. The IAA and ZR contents of the mutant clone did not change perceptively through the entire period. We conclude that the high levels of ABA and the deficit of IAA and ZR may be the reasons of female gametophyte abortion in the female-sterile clones of P. tabulaeformis.     

辐射松抗逆性试验研究初报

本文研究了四川省引种栽培的辐射松的抗逆性。研究结果表明:辐射松幼林在四川岷江上游干旱河谷表现出较强的抗旱性和较强的抗病、抗虫能力;根据造林地海拔与林木受冻害的关系,提出在岷江上游河谷区适宜栽培的海拔上限为2100m。辐射松在气温较高、湿度较大的区域造林保存率极低,而且易感病虫害,不宜引种栽培。     

油松和巴山松种源选择研究

油松和巴山松是用材树种,林木生长量的大小是选择优良树种1个重要指标。根据2次21a油松和巴山松种源试验和种源选择的结果,第1批陕西宁陕和黄陵及四川广元种源,7a生树高比其它种源平均值提高15.9%。第2批陕西商县和黄龙官庄、河南栾川2#,湖北巴东1#和四川广元种源17a生长量比其它种源平均值材积提高22.8%。     

帕里松和灰松优良种源苗木培育技术

从美国引进的优良帕里松(Pinus quadrifolia)和灰松(Pinus sabiniana)种源苗木培育技术,包括选地作床、种子处理、种子下播、苗田管理、以及大苗培育和苗木出圃等,而且选择当地乡土树种油松、侧柏、白皮松和爬柏作对比试验。     

Physiological response to drought in radiata pine: phytohormone implication at leaf level

Pinus radiata D. Don is one of the most abundant species in the north of Spain. Knowledge of drought response mechanisms is essential to guarantee plantation survival under reduced water supply as predicted in the future. Tolerance mechanisms are being studied in breeding programs, because information on such mechanisms can be used for genotype selection. In this paper, we analyze the changes of leaf water potential, hydraulic conductance (K(leaf)), stomatal conductance and phytohormones under drought in P. radiata breeds (O1, O2, O3, O4, O5 and O6) from different climatology areas, hypothesizing that they could show variable drought tolerance. As a primary signal, drought decreased cytokinin (zeatin and zeatin riboside-Z?+?ZR) levels in needles parallel to K(leaf) and gas exchange. When Z?+?ZR decreased by 65%, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation started as a second signal and increments were higher for IAA than for ABA. When plants decreased by 80%, Z?+?ZR and K(leaf) doubled their ABA and IAA levels, the photosystem II yield decreased and the electrolyte leakage increased. At the end of the drought period, less tolerant breeds increased IAA over 10-fold compared with controls. External damage also induced jasmonic acid accumulation in all breeds except in O5 (P. radiata var. radiata?×?var. cedrosensis), which accumulated salicylic acid as a defense mechanism. After rewatering, only the most tolerant plants recovered their K(leaf,) perhaps due to an IAA decrease and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid maintenance. From all phytohormones, IAA was the most representative 'water deficit signal' in P. radiata.     

不同保水剂处理对辽西地区油松苗木耐旱性的影响

以辽西常见的油松苗为试验对象,研究了添加保水剂对油松苗耐旱性的影响。结果表明:添加S型和K型保水剂处理后,油松幼苗叶片内的相对含水量和MDA的含量较对照发生显著变化,能明显提高幼苗的耐旱性。     

油松-蒙古栎混交林生态效益的研究

通过对油松—蒙古栎混交林和油松纯林的生长状况、生理指标和土壤因子、气象因子等进行测试和分析,得出油松—蒙古栎混交林比油松纯林具有更大的生长优势和生态效益之结论。混交林能有效地改善林地土壤水肥状况,提高林分相对湿度,降低温度,从而增强树木的光合能力,提高树木的生长量。