长江鳜鱼规模化人工繁殖技术

收集2龄以上长江野生鳜鱼进行驯养、培育，采取两次注射催产、二级处理孵化用水、改进人繁设施、二级培育鳜鱼鱼种等方法，共催产52组，催产率98％，平均受精率、孵化率分别为90．1％、69．9％；获鳜苗214．2万尾，培育3．3cm以上大规格鳜鱼鱼种68万尾。     

长江鳜鱼人工繁殖试验

收集长江野生鳜鱼的成鱼，驯养后培育至性成熟，进行人工繁殖试验。改进人工繁殖设施、分两次注射催产剂、二级处理孵化用水、二级培育鳜鱼鱼种。本试验共催产52组，催产率98％，平均受精率为90．1％，孵化率69．9％，获取鱼苗214万尾，培育出3．3cm以上的大规格鳜鱼鱼种68万尾。     

鳜鱼人工繁殖技术研究

专塘培育鳜鱼亲鱼，用ＨＣＧ＋ＬＲＨ－Ａ作为催产剂，胸腔２次注射，分４批催产，受精率９０￣９８％，将受精卵放入孵化环道流水孵化，孵化率３４．０￣３８．３％，以刚脱膜的团头鲂作为开口饵料，进行鱼苗环道培育，共育出２．５￣３．０ｃｍ夏花鳜种１２．５万尾，成活率３０￣４０％。     

北方地区淡水白鲳早繁苗当年养成商品鱼试验

一、材料与方法1．鱼池与水源（1）鱼种培育地：室内水泥池，面积100m_2，地深1．5m，水深1．3m，水源为地下水，用蒸汽加热。出商品鱼池塘：室外上池，面积月亩，地深3m，水源来自红旗泡。2亲鱼培育亲鱼33尾，其中有14尾雄鱼。体重4-5kg。从1月5日起将亲鱼池水温逐渐提至（28t0．5）℃，投喂含粗蛋白35％的颗粒饲料，投喂量为鱼体重的6％～8％，另每天投喂2％的青菜。流水培育，至2月20回检查亲鱼发育情况，部分雌鱼腹部较膨大，肋骨微突，生殖孔微红；雄鱼有两层能挤出少量精液。3人工育苗2月24日选择两组亲鱼作人工催产，两次注射。第一…     

我国胭脂鱼的研究进展

采集钱塘江野生粗唇能,在池塘中培育至性成熟,成熟率64．4％。经测定,绝对怀卵量为7200粒／尾,相对怀卵量为49．9粒／g体重。采用DON、HCG、LHRH—A：混合催产剂,分两次注射,在25～28％水温下,分3个批次进行了人工繁殖,共催产亲鱼114组,效应时间为17h至20h,催产率83．8％,共获取受精卵46．7万粒;孵化率63．5％,共获得鱼苗26．0万尾,出苗率81．5％;共培育出夏花鱼种17．8万尾,培育成活率68．5％。     

鲟、鳇鱼人工繁育与杂交技术研究

对达氏蝗、史氏鲟人工繁殖时通过水流刺激，在水温8～13℃下，以DOS(自行研制)进行2～3次的注射催熟，再注射自制的类固醉激素17α—羟基—20β双羟基孕酮(以下简称17α—20βp)；在水温16～18℃利用促黄体家释放激素类似物(LHRH—A)，诱导达氏蝗、史氏鲟排卵，排精。效应时间8～18h，获得催产率100％、受精率和杂交受精率如％的效果。采用全人工饲料开口试验和苗种培育试验，并获得86．7％开口成活率和73．4％的苗种成活率。从而达到提高开口率和成活率的目的。观察鲟鲤鱼摄食、生长与形态发育状况。生长曲线表明：不论是体长还是体重，50日龄前增长缓慢，50～100日龄则速度增长较快。经100d饲养，平均体长达28．3cm，平均体重达69．7g。     

黄颡鱼人工繁殖及苗种培育技术的初步研究

２０００年５～６月共计催产黄颡鱼３批,计重５７ｋｇ,♀２０９尾,♂２２２尾,采用ＰＧ、ＬＲＨ－Ａ２、ＨＣＧ、ＤＯＭ中的２种或３种混和进行２次注射,水湿２５～２８℃,效应时间为１５～２０ｈ,共计产黄颡鱼卵２０．８万粒,经４８～７０ｈ孵化出苗４８ ０００尾,平均催产率、受精率、孵化离分别为３０．４％、５１．５％、４４．５％,经过１５～２０ｄ的培育,投喂水蚤和碎鱼肉浆培育成２～３ｃｍ的黄颡鱼鱼苗２０ ０     

黑鲷Sparus macrocephalus(Basilewsky)、大黄鱼Pseudosciaena crocea(Richardson)亲鱼培育及性腺促熟试验

在大黄鱼、黑鲷亲鱼培育阶段采用营养强化、控制雌雄比例和培育密度、改善培育环境等手段，可有效提高亲鱼培育存活率、尾产卵量及卵子受精率。其中大黄鱼平均培育成活率89．狲尾产卵量8．7万粒，受精率92．5％；黑鲷平均培育成活率92．4％，尾产卵量6．4万粒，受精率90．7％。     

长江大鳍Hu的人工繁殖

本文对长江鳍Ｈｕ亲鱼的池塘培育和人工繁殖技术进行了研究。１９９２年－１９９４年期间,采用池塘混养技术,将长江野生大鳍Ｈｕ引入池塘进行驯化和培育,连续２年获得成熟亲鱼并进行人工繁殖,在池塘环境中,大鳍Ｈｕ雌亲鱼成熟率分别为８１．８％和７０．６％,雄亲鱼分别为１００％和９３．５％,采用多种催产药物混合注射的催产方法,可以得到较好的催产率,大鳍Ｈｕ人工繁殖适宜的催产剂量是雌鱼每ｇ体重注射ＬＲＨ－Ａ０．３     

圆斑星鲽的人工繁殖及育苗技术

本文报道了圆斑星鲽的人工繁殖、育苗过程及结果，并比较了培育温度对仔、稚鱼生长和成活率的影响等。使用自然海区捕获的亲鱼，注射HCG，在水温14℃条件下，效应时间为24-28hrs。受精卵在水温14℃条件下，经94-96hrs孵出。仔鱼经55天培育，共培育出平均全长23．3mm的幼鱼5.5万尾，其成活率为18．3％。     

水晶彩鲫、红鲫、锦鲤、荷包红鲤杂交子代的生长和体色研究

利用人工授精的方法,进行水晶彩鲫、红鲫、锦鲤和荷包红鲤的相互杂交试验,测定各个杂交组合子代的成活率、生长速度和体色分离比例。结果表明：4种鱼能够相互杂交受精,孵出鱼苗。孵化率锦鲤自交最低为46．4％,其它组合为70％～80％;杂交鱼苗经28d的人工饲养,水晶彩鲫与荷包红鲤、锦鲤的正、反杂交,同其它杂交组合比较有明显的差别,其生长速度慢,个体之间差异大,成活率低;杂交子代的体型分为3类：鲫鱼型、鲤鱼型和鲤鲫型。鳞片反光组织(虹彩细胞或鸟粪素细胞)为2类：完全型、缺失型。体色分离复杂多样,水晶彩鲫与红鲫杂交是水晶彩鲫,红鲫与锦鲤、荷包红鲤杂交是青灰色鲤鲫杂种,水晶彩鲫与锦鲤、荷包红鲤杂交都会出现水晶彩色和青灰色鲤鲫杂种。     

Effects of feeding rates on growth and production of Nile tilapia, common carp and silver carp polycultured in fertilized ponds

Abstract In an attempt to identify appropriate feeding rates for multispecies of fish raised in fertilized earthen ponds, the present work was conducted over a 19‐week experimental period to establish the growth performance, production and body composition of Nile tilapia, common carp and silver carp fed 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0% biomass and to apparent satiation (treatments). Twelve ponds were stocked with a similar number and weight of each fish species. Two ponds were assigned to each of the treatments, and a 25% protein pelleted fish feed was used to feed fish at the specified rate of feeding. At the end of the experiment, growth, weight gain, survival, yield and body composition of fish groups were affected by the treatments. The economic effectiveness also varied among treatments. The most conspicuous attribute of the feeding rates was its lack of influence on growth (g day^?1), weight gain (g per fish), yield (kg ha^?1) or body composition of silver carp. The results of whole‐body proximate analysis indicated that various feeding rates had either an irregular pattern or no effects on the protein and ash gain per 100 g of fish body weight (bw) gain. The most notable exceptions were significant (P < 0.05) increases in body fat and gross energy gains in Nile tilapia, common carp and silver carp accompanied by decreases in percentages of moisture (but not in silver carp) as feeding rate increased. Among the six different feeding levels, feeding to apparent satiation (feed amount was equivalent to 2.67% of fish bw day^?1) appeared to be optimal, as it significantly (P < 0.05) supported the highest fish production, income and net profit compared with all other treatments except for the 3% feeding level, for which the differences in those measurements were comparable.     

太湖梅梁湾大型生态控藻围栏内鲢鳙的生长特征

富营养化湖泊围栏养殖鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)控制蓝藻水华在生物操纵示范中得到了广泛应用。在2004和2005年,研究了太湖梅梁湾生态修复区内大型生物控藻围栏中鲢鳙的季节生长特征,分析了影响其生长的因素。结果表明,鲢鳙生长受养殖密度的影响很大,鲢在养殖密度低的2004年和养殖密度高的2005年的日均增重分别为6.07 g和4.30 g,鳙则分别为11.29 g和5.09 g。鳙的生长速度比鲢快,但受密度影响的程度比鲢大。从季节变化来看,鲢属于单峰型生长,生长速度和水温显著正相关;而鳙一年中呈现出2个生长高峰期,分别在5～6月和9～10月,夏季爆发的蓝藻水华对鳙的生长速度有所抑制。为使当年投放的鱼苗在年底能达到出售的商品规格,太湖梅梁湾水域围栏养殖鲢鳙的初始鱼苗投放密度应低于12 g/m3。     

Anoxia survival in common carp and crucian carp is related to high zinc concentration in tissues

ABSTRACT:   Ten lots of common carp and six lots of crucian carp (each lot of 100 fish) were treated under anoxia for five days at water temperatures of 25–31°C. The average per group mortality of common carp was 17%, but none of the 600 crucian carp died. The digestive tract tissues of the common carp that died had significantly lower zinc concentrations than those that survived (59 ± 41 vs 142 ± 60 μg/[g fresh tissue], P  < 0.001). The digestive tract tissues of the crucian carp had mean zinc concentrations of 652 ± 458 μg/(g fresh tissue). One lot of common carp that had low tolerance for anoxia was fed a high zinc diet (2000 mg zinc/kg diet) for 1, 2 or 6 months and then subjected to 5 days anoxia. The survival rates of those fed the high zinc diet 1 and 2 months increased from 0 to 50%, respectively; all of fish that had fed a high zinc diet for 6 months survived. Thus, anoxia survival in common carp and crucian carp is closely related to the high concentrations of zinc in their tissues.     

Comparative Nile tilapia and silver carp filtration rates of Partitioned Aquaculture System phytoplankton

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) held in timed-pulse feeding chambers were provided water dominated either by green algae (Scenedesmus, Ankistrodesmus and Tetraedron) or by cyanobacteria (Microcystis) to compare filtration rates (FRs). FRs were expressed as suspended particulate organic carbon (POC)/kg wet fish weight/h and as phytoplankton units filtered based on counts. Nile tilapia and silver carp filtration significantly reduced phytoplankton number of both taxonomic groups with the larger phytoplankton being filtered proportionally more than the smaller phytoplankton. Nile tilapia FR of green algae was significantly higher than silver carp; however, silver carp FR of cyanobacteria was higher than Nile tilapia. Ivlev's 90% saturation FRs (FR₉₀) in green-algal and cyanobacterial water sources were 702 and 812 mgC/kg/h for Nile tilapia and 414 and 1028 mgC/kg/h for silver carp, respectively. Silver carp were observed to reach these FR₉₀ values at lower POC concentrations than Nile tilapia with both green algae and cyanobacteria.     

鳜鱼、青鱼、草鱼、鲤、鲫、鲢消化酶活性的研究

鳜鱼、青鱼、草鱼、鲤、鲫、鲢肝脏蛋白酶活性低于肠蛋白酶。肠蛋白酶活性，鳜鱼最高，其余依次为青鱼、鲤、鲢、草鱼、鲫。鳜鱼、鲢的肠蛋白酶活性由前肠向后肠递减；而青鱼、鲤、草鱼的则由前肠向后肠递增；鲫则中肠活性最低。六种鱼不同组织的脂肪酶活性因鱼而异。青鱼、鳜鱼、鲤、鲢肝脏中脂肪酶活性低于肠脂肪酶活性（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而草鱼和鲫肝脏中脂肪酶活性与肠脂肪酶活性差异不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。六种鱼肝脏中脂肪酶活性由高到低依次为鳜鱼＞鲢＞鲫＞草鱼＞青鱼＞鲤；肠脂肪酶活性顺序为鳜鱼＞鲢＞青鱼＞鲤＞草鱼＞鲫。脂肪酶活性与鱼类食性无明显相关性。不同组织间淀粉酶活性存在差异。鳜鱼的肝脏和肠均有较高淀粉酶活性，青鱼和鲫肝脏中淀粉酶活性低于肠中的；草鱼、鲤和鲢肝脏中淀粉酶活性高于肠中的，但差异不显著。六种鱼中鳜鱼的肝脏淀粉酶活性明显高于其它五种无胃鱼，它们的淀粉酶活性顺序依次为鳜鱼＞鲢＞鲤＞草鱼＞青鱼＞鲫；肠淀粉酶活性顺序为鳜鱼＞鲫＞鲤＞青鱼＞鲢＞草鱼。     

金鳙和黑鳙的肌肉营养成分分析及评价

采用国标(GB)检测方法,依据FAO/WHO的评价规定,对2010年发现于常德珊珀湖后经人工选育的金鳙和2015~2016年采样于常德珊泊湖的黑鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)进行肌肉营养成分分析和评价。结果表明,金鳙肌肉鲜样的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分水平分别为76.1%、20.6%、0.52%、1.1%,黑鳙的相应指标为76%、19.8%、0.48%、1.2%,其中两者间粗脂肪含量有显著性差异。金鳙和黑鳙的肌肉干样中17种氨基酸总含量分别为88.69 g/100 g和87.68 g/100 g、鱼类必需氨基酸含量为43.2 g/100 g和42.63 g/100 g、呈味氨基酸含量为32.52 g/100 g和32.32 g/100 g,没有显著性差异。两者肌肉氨基酸含量高低的排序也一致,含量最高的均为Glu,其次为Asp、Lys、Leu,含量最低的为Pro;必需氨基酸中含量最高的是Lys、Leu,最低的是Met。两种鳙鱼间除2种含硫氨基酸(Met、Cys)和组氨酸(His)含量有显著性差异外,其他氨基酸含量基本一致。从AAS和CS评分值可见,两者的限制性氨基酸均为Val、Ile或Thr。两者的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为80.47和80.13。研究说明,人工选育的金鳙具有与天然水域鳙鱼相当的营养品质。     

RAPD技术在鱼类杂种优势研究中的应用↑（*）

从４０个引物中筛选了２７个引物,对兴国红鲤、德国镜鲤和苏联镜鲤进行随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ分析,共得到１９９条带,其中１５５条带（占７７９％）具多态性。计算得出这３个群体内的相似系数分别为：兴国红鲤０．７２２,德国镜鲤０．８２７,苏联镜鲤０．７８７,表明群体内的遗传变异较大;群体间的遗传距离为：兴国红鲤与德国镜鲤０．０９２,兴国红鲤与苏联镜鲤０．１０５,德国镜鲤与苏联镜鲤０．０７７,表明群体间的亲缘关系相近。兴国红鲤与苏联镜鲤遗传距离最大,推断这２个品种间的杂种优势较强,与育种实践一致。     

两种鲤鱼对侵袭性病原体及嗜水气单胞菌抗病力的比较

调查同塘饲养的高寒鲤,散鳞镜鲤当年鱼对侵袭性病原体及人工感染嗜水气单胞菌耐受力进行比较,侵袭性病原体检出8种,其中绦虫只有散鳞镜鲤感染,感染率达到29％,其余种类二种鲤鱼体表,鳃都有寄生,但寄生的程度有所不同,高寒鲤的抵抗力要比散鳞镜鲤强,对人工感染的嗜水气单胞菌的耐受力高寒鲤比散镜鲤高,这可能与品种对病原菌耐性不同有关。     

Cold‐pressed rapeseed cake as a component of the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): effects on growth,nutrient utilization,body composition and meat quality

The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of inclusion of cold‐pressed rapeseed cake (CPRC) in diets for common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Four isonitrogenous (322 g kg^?1 crude protein) and isoenergetic diets (17.5 MJ kg^?1) with four levels of CPRC incorporation 0, 110, 220 and 330 g kg^?1 (treatments RC0, RC11, RC22 and RC33, respectively) were evaluated in a 50‐day growth test with common carp of 500 g initial weight. Statistically significant higher final weights (1215–1243 g) were obtained in fish fed diets including CPRC. Fish growth rates were nearly identical in all treatments (specific growth rate of 1.7–1.8% day^?1). Similar results were obtained in respect of feeding coefficients (FCR) that ranged from 1.6 to 1.8. Crude protein and ash concentration in fish bodies did not change. Statistically significant decreases in moisture content were found in carp in groups RC22 and RC33. Statistically significant increase of crude lipid in fish bodies were found in groups RC22 and RC33. The slaughter traits and meat quality analysis of carp did not show significant differences. We conclude that it is possible to include up to 330 g kg^?1 of CPRC in diets of 2‐year‐old common carp without significant effects on growth and food utilization.