木毒蛾空间分布型及其应用和综合治理的研究

本文采用比较频次法和聚集度指标法，测定木毒蛾各虫态的分布型。应用Ｉｗａｏ方法，计算各虫口密度下的林间最低抽样数，分析了中幼林中幼虫序贯抽样。研究表明，木毒蛾各虫态（卵块、幼虫、蛹）在木麻黄防护林中呈聚集分布，幼虫以聚集型扩散。幼虫在中低密度下，以对角线和棋盘式取样最佳，卵块以对用线取样最佳。对木毒蛾的防治应以营林措施为基础，坚持生物防治，可以有效地控制其虫口密度。     

德昌松毛虫食叶量测定研究

本文研究了德昌松毛虫（Dendrolimus punctatus tehchangensis)，幼虫期危害云南松幼林的情况，测定了各幼虫期对云南松针叶的取食量，为防治指标提供依据。     

松阿扁叶蜂防治指标及预测预报技术研究

通过野外观察和模拟自然环境饲养松阿扁叶蜂，测定该虫各虫态历期、幼虫期食叶量和咬断后未取食针叶损失量，确定了30cm长油松单枝松阿扁叶蜂各龄幼虫的防治指标值，研究了该虫的物候法、发育进度法和有效虫口基数法预测预报，从而为确定该虫的防治方式及防治适期提供了可行技术。     

落叶松腮扁叶蜂自然种群生命表分析

落叶松腮扁叶蜂是兴安落叶松重要食叶害虫，自1998年以来在内蒙古大兴安岭林区成灾，1998—2002年间研究了该虫种群自然消长规律。将落叶松腮扁叶蜂种群按其生长发育顺序划分为卵期、危害幼虫期、滞育幼虫期、蛹期和成虫期5个阶段，把各阶段的作用因子划分为相对独立的状态，根据田间调查及室内实验观察，记录各阶段的存活数，组建了5个世代的生命表，1个平均生命表。分析表明：平均种群趋势指数为4．56。其中危害期幼虫相关系数r值为0．6857，回归系数b值为0．2221，滞育幼虫r值为0．8965，b值为0．6165。滞育幼虫期为落叶松腮扁叶蜂种群生活过程中的关键阶段。滞育幼虫期的自然消亡是影响整个种群动态的关键因素。突然降温等灾害性天气对发生期各虫态影响明显。重要因子分析表明，影响落叶松腮扁叶蜂自然种群的重要因子是天敌、气候、食料等。     

榆童锤角叶蜂有效积温测定及应用

在自然变温条件下测定了榆童锤角叶蜂蛹、成虫、卵和幼虫和发育速率、各发育阶段的发育起点温度和有效积温分别建立了蛹、成虫、卵和幼虫的发育进程模型，该模型可用于发生期的预测预报。     

马尾松毛虫的两种色型幼虫的初步研究

马尾松毛虫２～４龄幼虫，按体背倒伏鳞毛及各体节的斑纹形状和颜色，可以分为两种类型。体背倒伏鳞毛为浅黄色，第２～６个腹节背面各有一黄色斑纹，明显成亚铃形的黄色型；体背倒伏鳞毛为灰黑色，亚铃形斑纹为暗黄色的黑色型。４龄幼虫经脱皮变成５龄幼虫后，体背的亚铃形斑纹不再存在，但体背倒伏鳞毛的颜色不变。调查结果表明，林分的虫口密度与幼虫的色型比有关。黑色型幼虫食叶量较大，蛹重较重，产卵量较大。色型比对松毛虫灾害的测报有意义。     

松梢象甲幼虫龄数及发育历期的研究

2005~2007年间,在黑龙江省朗乡林业局采用林间定期取样调查的方法,通过测量不同发育阶段幼虫的头宽,确定了松梢象甲幼虫的龄数;通过统计各龄幼虫数量和发育进度,用期距法确定了各龄幼虫发生盛期,并为当地松梢象甲的生产防治提出了最佳防治时间。     

马尾松腮扁叶蜂老熟幼虫在地表层的垂直分布规律研究

以频次比较法、聚集度指标法研究马尾松腮扁叶蜂老熟幼虫在地表各层的空间格局；用回归分析法研究老熟幼虫在地表各层空间格局的垂直变化规律。结果表明：老熟幼虫主要分布在15cm以内的表土中，且以5-10cm的土层中最多(48．10％)，老熟幼虫在表土中的空间分布是聚集分布，属聚集度密度制约型，种群聚集的原因是该虫的习性。     

文山松毛虫生物学特性及两种生物杀虫剂防治试验

首次观察了文山松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus wenshanensis Tsai et Liu一年发生1代的生物学特性，测定了室内外各龄幼虫的取食量。跟踪观测了文山松毛虫各虫期的存亡状况，研制出一个完整世代自然种群生命表，整个世代死亡率达99.90%。应用Bt乳剂和文山松毛虫质型多角体病毒（DpwCPV)防治文山松毛虫的试验表明，Bt和DpwCPV防治5龄幼虫效果良好。     

海南凹鸠蛾幼虫和蛹过冷却点的测定

测定了海南凹鸠蛾1龄、4龄、5龄幼虫和蛹的过冷却点和冰点,结果表明,1龄幼虫的过冷却点和冰点分别为(-20.26±0.54)℃和(-19.03±1.29)℃,显著低于4龄幼虫和5龄幼虫和蛹;其他各虫态过冷却点顺序由低到高分别为蛹<5龄幼虫<4龄幼虫,冰点各虫态由低到高顺序为蛹<4龄幼虫<5龄幼虫。4龄幼虫与5龄幼虫过冷却点差异不显著,但其冰点差异显著。并在此基础上分析了海南凹鸠蛾在我国的适生性区域。     

Studies on bionomics and occurrence regulation of Phigalia djakonovi Moltrecht

lntroductionlnrecentyears,PhigaIi8djakOnoViMoltrecht(LepidopterafGeometridae)occurredseriouslyinDaxing'anMount8infOrestareaofInnerMongoIia.Forexample,in1983,theoccurredareaofthispestwasover333oohm2andhundredshectaresofbi,.hfOreststandswaredamagedinthearea.Shu(1987,1988)studiedthelifecycIeandbionomicsofPhigah8djbkOnovI.From1997to1999,wemadefurtherstud-iesonbionomicsandoccurrencereguIationofthepestinYakeshiForestryAdministration,InnerMon-goIia.StudymethodFourfixedsamplepIotswereestabI…     

Untersuchungen zur Wirkung von Methylbromid besonders bei niedrigen Temperaturen gegen Khaprakäfer-Larven (Trogoderma granarium Everts (Dermestidae,Coleoptera)

Tests on the efficiency of methyl bromide especially at lower temperatures in controlling Khapra Beetle Larvae (Trogoderma granarium Everts), Dermestidae, Coleoptera In the laboratory, experiments were carried out to investigate the efficiency of methyl bromide in controlling the Khapra Beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts) in a specially developed fumigation apparatus at 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 0, –6, and –10 °C as well as 40 – 70% relative humidity. The lethal dosis as c. t. products in mg.h/l were estimated at different temperatures from the dosis-mortality regression lines. The treated larvae were divided after the fumigation into two series (1 and 2). The larvae of serie 1 were held immediately after the fumigation time at 28°C, while the larvae of serie 2 were kept for another 10 days at the same fumigation temperature, then removed to 28°C until final control. Experimental results of both series showed that, for a given mortality the c. t. product required at low temperatures considerably increased and accordingly the tolerance of the larvae decreased with a rise in temperature (in range 0–30°C). A maximum in the tolerance of the larvae to methyl bromide was found at 0°C. At lower trial temperatures –6 and –10°C the required c. t. product subsequently decreased. This result was caused through the combined harmful effect of the low temperatures and the methyl bromide. It is evident from the estimated values that the c. t. products of methyl bromide required for a given mortality in serie 2 especially at lower temperatures (from +10 to –10°C) are lower than that in serie 1. For example in serie 2 the c. t. product required to kill the larvae decreased at 5°C to less than 50%. This effect of the post-treatment temperature was also examined to obtain the shortest holding time for maximum mortality, which was observed after 3–4, 7–8, 7–8 and 8–9 days at 10, 5, 0, and –6°C respectively. From a practical aspect this result is of great importance, because it proves the influence of the factors prevailing after a quarantine fumigation.     

Beziehungen zwischen dem Bakterium Serratia marcescens (Biz.) und der in den Raupen von Sesamia cretica. Led. (Lep., Tortricidae) sich entwickelnden Schlupfwespe Bracon brevicornis Wesm. (Hym., Braconidae)

Laboratory experiments were undertaken to study the interrelationships which may be detected when rearing the ectoparasitoid,Bracon brevicornis onSesamia cretica larvae after being injected with the bacterial pathogen,Serratia marcescens at five constant temperatures. Many effects detrimental to the parasitoid were found through rearing onSerratia-infected larvae ofSesamia e.g. decreased the deposited eggs especially at 35°C; reduced the formed cocoons and produced adults at all temperatures (15–35°C); and prolonged developmental, repriod especially at 20 or 25°C. Number of infected host larvae which allowed complete successful development for the parasitoid was significantly decreased especially at the extremes of temperatures.     

Studies on bionomics and occurrence regulation ofPhigalia djakonovi Moltrecht

Investigation and observation were made on bionomics and occurrence regulation ofPhigalia djakonovi Moltrecht, which is a major pest of white birch, in Daxing’an Mountain forest area of Inner Mongolia during 1997 to 1999. The pest has one generation per year and overwinters as pupae in the soil in this area. Development, bionomics and outbreak of the pest are closely related with the food and environment conditions. Foundation item: This paper is a part of Key Subject of Birch in State 9th Five-Year Plan Biography: W{upang} Ya-qin (1966-), female, engineer in Yakeshi Forestry Administration. Inner Mongolia. P. R. China. Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

Einfluß von Zuchttemperatur und Vorbehandlung auf die Giftempfindlichkeit von Khaprakäfer-Larven (Trogoderma granarium Everts) gegen Methylbromid

Effect of rearing and preconditioning temperature as well as type of pre-treatment on the susceptibility of Khapra Beetle Larvae (Trogoderma granarium Everts) to methyl bromide The effect of two different rearing temperatures (25 and 28°C) on the susceptibility of Khapra Beetle Larvae to methyl bromide was investigated in the laboratory at 15 and 5°C. It was found that the exposure time needed for a given mortality is significantly longer for the larvae reared at 25°C than for the larvae reared at 28°C. However, these differences were abolished if the cultures of T. granarium bred at 25°C were transferred to 28°C and kept for 1 or 2 months at this temperature before the larvae were exposed to methyl bromide.The effect of different types of pre-treatment on the susceptibility of the larvae was also tested at 0°C. Experimental results showed that the susceptibility of the larvae increased, when the Trogoderma cultures bred at 28°C were transferred directly to 20, 10 or 0°C and then kept for 1–2 months at one of these pre-conditioning temperatures before the larvae were exposed to the fumigant: at the test temperature.No significant differences in the susceptibility of the larvae were found, when the cultures were transferred progressively from the rearing temperature (28°C), to 20, 15, 10, 5 and 0°C, then kept at each temperature for 2 days before the larvae were fumigated at 0°C. In this case a decrease in the susceptibility of the larvae was obtained if the pre-conditioning time at 0°C was extended to 8–10 days. Moreover, if the T. granarium cultures reared at 28°C were transferred to 25°C and kept for 1 month before the larvae were examined at 12° C. It was found that the larvae pre-conditioned at 25°C were less susceptible than those bred at 28°C. Anyhow, the same keeping-period at 20, 10 or 0°C caused an increase in the susceptibility of the larvae fumigated at the test temperature (12°C).     

杨黄褐锉叶蜂雄性幼虫发育起点温度和有效积温

对杨黄褐锉叶蜂雄性幼虫发育起点温度和有效积温进行研究的结果表明:杨黄褐锉叶蜂雄性幼虫在18、22、26、30℃4个温度下可正常生长发育,而在34℃条件下不能完成发育,不同龄期(共5龄)雄性幼虫的发育起点温度和有效积温存在差异,且不同龄期对二者的要求不一致,有效积温分别为37.68、30.26、29.18、42.55、75.01日·度,发育起点温度分别为6.07、5.61、8.84、8.67、5.50℃。杨黄褐锉叶蜂雄性幼虫期发育起点温度和有效积温分别为6.35℃和220.68日·度,发育历期预测式为N=220.68/(T-6.35)。     

Effect of storage temperature on the insecticidal activity of a wettable powder formulation ofBacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis onCulex pipiens molestus larvae

Bactimos was incubated for 30 days under 7 constant temperatures (i. e. ?20, ?10, 5, 25, 35, 40 and 45°C). The insecticidal activity of the compound was evaluated against 2nd and 4th instar larvae ofCulex pipiens molestus after 1, 3, 7, 10, 15 and 30 days of storage. No loss in the insecticidal activity of the Bactimos was detected after 30 days at ?20, ?10 and 5°C. At temperatures above 25°C the insecticidal activity reduced as the storage period increased. The LT₅₀ value of Bactimos for the 2nd and 4th instar larvae at 24 h and 48 h exposure was found to decrease as the temperature increased.     

高温对美国白蛾生长发育的影响研究

美国白蛾的卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫分别放在不同的温度处理下进行试验。研究结果表明：卵的孵化率、幼虫的存活率、蛹的羽化率、成虫的寿命均随着温度的增高而下降。高温脉冲对美国白蛾卵的孵化率和不同龄期幼虫的存活时间有显著影响。     

Wirkungen zwischen Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. und Larven der Schlupfwespe Bracon brevicornis Wesm. in bzw. an den Raupen von Sesamia cretica Led. bei verschiedenen Temperaturen

Laboratory trials were undertaken to investigate the interactions which may occur when rearing the parasitoid,Bracon brevicornis on Sesamia cretica larvae after being injected with the pathogen,Bacillus thuringiensis under 5 constant temperatures. Bacillus-infected larvae ofS. cretica had detrimental effects on the parasitoid's progeny e. g. prolonged periods of both cocoon stage and total development at 20 or 25 °C; and decreased number of formed cocoons or produced adults at all tested temperatures. The most deleterious temperature for the parasitoid rearing under condition of the bacterial pathogen was 30 or 35 °C.     

应用斯氏线虫防治毛竹黑叶蜂的研究

通过斯氏线虫２个品系在不同温度下对毛竹黑叶蜂幼虫侵染力的测定,温度在２５℃时线虫的侵染力量强,可在２—５ｄ内把害虫致死,并且能在死虫体内繁殖。线虫的使用剂量对毛竹黑叶蜂的致死速度及效果有影响,以每毫升１０００条侵染期线虫为最适剂量。室内对毛竹黑叶蜂幼虫致死率达１００％,林间试验两个品系防治效果分别为９６．４２％、９８．３１％。