Milk production, milk fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in dairy ewes raised on feedlot or grazing pasture

To evaluate milk production and milk fatty acid (FA) composition and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content, 75 Sicilo-Sarde ewes were used on three dietary treatments during 89 days. Two groups were conducted on rotational grazing in separate pastures of green barley grass (GB group) or perennial ryegrass (RG group) and receiving daily 300 g of concentrate/ewe. A third group was conducted in feedlot (FL group) on oat hay and silage and receiving 500 g of the same concentrate per ewe per day. Milk production did not differ among GB and RG pasture treatments (617 ml/day) but it was higher (p < 0.01) than FL one (363 ml/day). Milk fat and protein content were higher for ewes in FL than for ewes raised on both pasture treatments (88.8 and 56.7 vs. 74.5 and 54 g/kg for fat and protein, respectively). However, fat and protein yields were higher for pasture groups than FL one. The palmitic, oleic, miristic, stearic, and caprinic acids were dominant for all regimens. Short-chain FA (C4:0–C10:0) did not differ among all treatments. The medium chain FA content was significantly higher in milk fat from FL group. Conversely, the long chain ones increased for grazing groups. Milk from pasture groups had a higher C18:3 proportion than that from FL sheep (4.5 vs. 2.7 g/1000 g). The CLA content was significantly (p < 0.001) higher for grazing groups than for FL one (7.3 and 10.3 for GB and RG, respectively, vs. 2.4 g/1000 g for FL). Pasture-based diets increased the concentrations of long-chain unsaturated FA and desirable FA in milk fat.     

Biological activities of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and effects of CLA on animal products

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for a group of positional (c8, c10; c9, c11; c10, c12, and c11, c13) and geometric (cis,cis; cis,trans; trans,cis; and trans,trans) isomers of octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid) with conjugated double bond system. Dietary CLA increased the ratio of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and decreased unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) in the egg yolk and CLA sources for fat improved the color stability possibly by inhibition of lipid oxidation and oxymyoglobin oxidation in beef patties. Also dietary CLA reduced purge loss in pork loin, it could be due not only to high intramuscular fat content but also to stability of cell membrane lipids assumed by the observed delay in lipid oxidation for CLA. Cholesterol content in egg yolk was significantly decreased by a supply of dietary CLA for 5 weeks feeding. Dietary CLA and storage of CLA eggs increased the firmness of hard-cooked egg yolk and the texture of yolks from hard-cooked CLA eggs was rubbery and elastic and yolk were more difficult to break using an Instron. The eggs produced by hens fed CLA were hard and were characterized by a reddish yolk when cooled to 4 °C for 10 weeks. Several studies have determined the antioxidant property of CLA. The oxidative reactions could influence CLA concentrations by either causing the formation of linoleic acid radicals, which in turn could be converted to CLA by hydrogen donors, or causing the oxidative destruction of the conjugated double-bond system of CLA.     

饲粮中添加共辆亚油酸及肉碱对动物肉品品质影响的研究进展

共轭亚油酸是亚油酸衍生的构象与位置异构体的总称，是一种新型的功能性脂肪酸，通过对脂肪前体细胞的增值和分化进行抑制，从而调节机体脂肪代谢。因此，国内外研究学者将共轭亚油酸的这一特性运用到了动物饲养方面的研究当中，肉碱近年来也在饲料行业得到了广泛应用。’本文介绍了影响畜禽品质的主要因素，并结合近几年相关研究报道阐述了共轭亚油酸和肉碱对畜禽肉品品质、风味等的影响。     

Effect of cooling Holstein cows during the dry period on postpartum performance under heat stress conditions

Two experiments were completed to determine whether cooling Holstein cows during their 60-day prepartum period improved their immediate physiological status as well as subsequent postpartum performance. In Experiment 1, 38 cows were divided into two pens that were not cooled, or where the cows were moved twice daily to be cooled by soaking until their body was completely wet. Prepartum respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperatures (RT) did not differ between groups, indicating that the cooling system was largely ineffective, which was consistent with differences that only numerically favored the treated group in postpartum productive (milk production, milk fat content and related response variables), and reproductive (services per conception and days open) performance. In Experiment 2, 52 Holstein cows were used over 3 years (n = 24 in year one; n = 12 in year two; n = 16 in year three) and cows were housed in pens either not cooled or cooled with water spray and fans. Cooled cows had lower RR and RT prepartum at 14:00 and 18:00 h vs. non-cooled cows, indicating that the cooling system was effective, and this was consistent with improved productive (milk production, milk fat content and related response variables), and reproductive (services per conception and days open) performance postpartum. In addition, there was a trend (P = 0.10) to higher birth weights of calves from cooled mothers (which was consistent with a numeric difference in Experiment 1). Use of effective cooling systems under hot and dry conditions during the dry period can improve postpartum productive and reproductive performance of Holstein cows.     

瘤胃保护共轭亚油酸和亚油酸对奶牛产奶性能的影响

选择健康、泌乳月份与产奶量相近的多胎荷斯坦泌乳牛20头,随机分成5组,每组4头,研究日粮中添加商业来源的瘤胃保护共轭亚油酸钙盐(Ca-CLA)同时添加自然来源亚油酸(葵花油)对奶牛生产性能的影响。试验期为52d。对照组基础日粮为60%粗饲料(苜蓿、羊草、青贮)和40%精料(以DM为基础),处理组在对照组日粮基础上分别添加Ca-CLA100g/d·头(CLA)、葵花油350g/d·头(Sunf);Ca-CLA100g/d·头 葵花油350g/d·头(CLA Sunf),Ca-CLA50g/d·头 葵花油175g/d·头(1/2CLA 1/2Sunf)。结果表明:在奶牛日粮中,单独添加自然来源亚油酸产奶量较对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),而单独添加共轭亚油酸钙盐或与自然来源亚油酸高低不同剂量添加产奶量较对照组都分别显著提高2.20%、9.95%、11.16%,无论单独添加自然来源亚油酸或Ca-CLA或二者以高低不同剂量同时添加,牛奶的乳脂率较对照组都分别显著降低15.0%,6.24%,21.74%,14.35%。总之,奶牛日粮中同时添加Ca-CLA和自然来源亚油酸能显著提高产奶量,降低乳脂率,并且,减少Ca-CLA的添加量同时添加自然来源亚油酸可以达到高剂量添加Ca-CLA相同的效果。     

日粮中添加油料籽实对奶牛生产性能及乳脂脂肪酸组成的影响

本文旨在研究在日粮中添加油料籽实对中国荷斯坦奶牛乳脂肪酸组成及生产性能的影响,为提高奶牛乳脂中共轭哑油酸(CLA)含量,改善乳品质寻找合适的途径.试验选取16头泌乳前期(62±11)d、胎次一致(3胎)、泌乳量相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组(对照组、菜籽组、亚麻籽组、葵花籽组),每组4头.试验共进行40 d(预试期10 d,正试期30 d),分别在正试期第1天、第15天和第30天测定乳产量、分析乳成分,用气相色谱仪分析乳脂肪酸组成.结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中添加油料籽实,显著提高了奶牛的泌乳性能(P<0.05),降低了乳脂率(P<0.05),对乳中其他常规成分影响差异不显著(P>0.05);日粮中添加葵花籽后乳脂中CLA含量提高98.28%(P<0.05).菜籽组、亚麻籽组、葵花籽组的乳脂中C14:0和C16:0的含量分别比对照组降低了17.86%和26.75%、15.99%和27.18%、21.99%和21.74%.乳脂中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量分别比对照组提高40.83%、47.06%和41.52%(P<0.05).乳脂中的t11-C18:1(x)与CLA(y)的比例(%)存在正相关性,y=0.34x 0.20,R<'=0.696 2(P<0.01).日粮中添加植物油籽显著提高了乳脂中CLA、PUFA的比例,降低了C14:0和C16:0的比例,改善了乳脂的构成,提高了乳品质.     

Dietary conjugated linoleic acids increase intramuscular fat deposition and decrease subcutaneous fat deposition in Yellow Breed × Simmental cattle

This study was conducted to estimate the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on intramuscular and subcutaneous fat deposition in Yellow Breed × Simmental cattle. The experiment was conducted for 60 days. The results showed that the average backfat thickness, (testicles + kidney + pelvic) fat percentage and subcutaneous fat percentage in dietary CLA were significantly lower than in the control group, while intramuscular the fat percentage was significantly higher. Compared to the control group, the Longissimus muscle enzyme activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in dietary CLA and the subcutaneous fat enzyme activities of LPL, hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 (CPT‐1) were significantly increased. Similarly, compared to the control group, the Longissimus muscle sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP‐1), FAS, stearoyl‐coenzyme A desaturase (SCD), ACC, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), heart fatty‐acid binding protein (H‐FABP) and LPL gene expression in dietary CLA were significant increased, as were the subcutaneous fat of PPARγ, H‐FABP, LPL, CPT‐1 and HSL in dietary CLA. These results indicated that dietary CLA increases IMF deposition mainly by the up‐regulation of lipogenic gene expression, while decreasing subcutaneous fat deposition mainly by the up‐regulation of lipolytic gene expression.     

酵母培养物对热应激奶牛泌乳性能和营养物质表观消化率的影响

文章旨在研究炎热夏季条件下日粮中酵母培养物添加水平对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能和营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验选取60头中国荷斯坦奶牛,按照胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量进行区组设计,随机分为3组,每组有20头奶牛。对照组奶牛饲喂基础日粮,试验1组奶牛和试验2组奶牛分别在基础日粮的基础上补充饲喂100 g/d·头和200 g/d·头的酵母培养物。预试期2周,正试期8周。试验期间每天记录产奶量,每周采集奶样测定乳成分,正试期最后3 d进行消化试验,采用酸不溶灰分法测定营养物质表观消化率。试验期间,每天大部分时间牛舍的平均温湿指数大于72,意味着奶牛试验期间遭受不同程度的热应激影响。酵母培养物显著提高热应激泌乳早期奶牛的干物质采食量,以饲喂200 g/d·头的奶牛具有最大干物质采食量(P <0.05)。酵母培养物显著增加遭受热应激的泌乳早期奶牛的产奶量,本试验条件下呈线性增加(P <0.05)。酵母培养物显著提高遭受热应激的泌乳早期奶牛的乳糖率,本试验条件下呈线性增加(P <0.05)。遭受热应激的泌乳早期奶牛补充饲喂酵母培养物对其他乳成分无显著影响(P> 0.05)。酵母培养物显著提高热应激条件下泌乳早期奶牛的干物质、粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维的消化率(P <0.05),而对粗脂肪和酸性洗涤纤维的消化率无显著影响(P> 0.05)。因此,酵母培养物饲喂遭受热应激的泌乳早期奶牛可以显著增加其干物质采食量和提高产奶量,并改善营养物质消化率,本试验中以200 g/d·头的饲喂剂量最佳。     

Effects of supplemental conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on fresh and post‐thaw sperm quality of Holstein bulls

This study was designed to investigate the effects of feeding‐protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the semen production and sperm freezability in Holstein bulls. Twelve bulls were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 6 per group). Bulls received the normal diet (control group) or the normal diet top‐dressed with 50 g of CLA (treated group) for 10 weeks. The control group received 40 g/day calcium soap of fatty acid. Fresh and post‐thaw semen quality was assessed on ejaculates collected at the 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 week of supplementation. Semen evaluations including sperm concentration, motion characteristics (subjective and computer‐assisted), viability (Eosin–Nigrosin), membrane integrity (hypo‐osmotic swelling test) and abnormality were conducted. Semen volume, sperm concentration and total sperm output were not affected by dietary treatment (p > .05). The proportion of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology in fresh semen significantly increased (p < .05) in the CLA‐fed group compared to control group. Also, in CLA‐fed group, the proportion of post‐thaw spermatozoa with abnormal morphology at week 10 of trial was significantly higher in CLA than control group (p < .05). Progressive motility tended to be increased in the CLA‐fed group, although dietary supplementation did not affect other CASA parameters or viability in fresh and frozen‐thawed sperm. In this study, CLA supplementation had little positive effect on fresh or post‐thaw sperm quality of Holstein bulls.     

Heat stress decreases plasma vitamin C concentration in lactating cows

Heat stress causes oxidative stress, which decreases plasma levels of vitamin C, an antioxidative vitamin in pigs and poultry. We investigated the plasma vitamin C concentration in lactating cows exposed to a hot environment temperature. In the first experiment, plasma vitamin C concentrations of 8 lactating cows were measured in summer and autumn. The concentration was found to be significantly lower in summer. The second experiment was performed using 4 lactating cows in a crossover design. The ambient temperature was set at 18 °C in the control treatment and at 28 °C in the heat-stressing treatment. Milk yields and feed intake tended to be lower in the stressing than control treatment. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the heat-stressing treatment. The plasma vitamin C concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the heat-stressing period. These results indicate that heat stress decreases the plasma vitamin C concentration. Dietary supplementation with vitamin C may be beneficial for lactating cows in hot weather.     

共轭亚油酸对肉鸡体脂和蛋白质沉积的影响

本文旨在探讨共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)添加水平对肉鸡体脂、体蛋白质沉积和胸、腿肌含量的影响。选择1d艾维因肉鸡360羽,按单因素设计随机分为5个处理,每个处理设6个重复,每个重复12只鸡,分别饲喂添加0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%CLA的试验日粮。结果表明:在肉鸡生长各阶段CLA能够降低肉鸡体脂沉积,特别是22d以后降低效果明显(P<0.05),35和49d各添加组分别比对照组降低了16.77%、18.29%、18.60%、19.82%、7.97%、9.89%、12.91%和18.95%;CLA添加能够提高整个生长阶段肉鸡的腿肌率(P<0.05)、0~35d胸肌率(P<0.05)和蛋白质的沉积率,但并不影响36~49d胸肌率(P>0.05),各阶段胸、腿肌率总和与CLA添加水平之间存在明显的二次曲线关系,曲线方程分别为:1~21d阶段,y=-2.0686x2 5.0651x 33.392,(R2=0.9758,P<0.05);22~35d阶段,y=-1.7057x2 5.0494x 36.379,(R2=0.8302,P<0.05);36~49d阶段,y=-1.6943x2 3.9346x 40.421,(R2=0.9963,P<0.05)。对以上二次曲线求导,分别得到1~21d、22~35d和36~49d肉鸡获得最佳胸、腿肌率的日粮CLA添加剂量为1.22%、1.48%和1.16%。     

2种共轭亚油酸异构体对小鼠肌内脂肪沉积和肌肉线粒体代谢的影响

试验旨在研究不同共轭亚油酸异构体对小鼠肌内脂肪沉积和肌肉线粒体代谢的影响.将成长到5周龄的雄性小鼠按体重分成3组(每组8只),适应1周后分别饲喂不添加、添加2％的顺9反11共轭亚油酸(c9,t11-CLA)和添加2％的反10顺12共轭亚油酸(t10,c12-CLA)的日粮,正试期1个月,监测其体重和体组成的变化,饲养试...     

Diet-induced milk fat depression: Association with changes in milk fatty acid composition and fluidity of milk fat

This experiment was designed to examine changes in milk fatty acids during fish oil-induced milk fat depression (MFD) and to test the theory that these changes are related to milk fat fluidity. The experiment was divided into three periods: 1) Baseline: all cows (n = 12) received a high fiber diet without fish oil (FO) for 12 days; 2) Treatment: 4 cows/group received the following treatments for 21 days: a) Low fiber diet without FO (LF), b) High fiber diet + FO (HF + FO) and c) Low fiber diet + FO (LF + FO); 3) Post-treatment: cows returned to the baseline diet and were monitored for 12 days. FO was included at 1.6% DM and HF and LF diets had 40 and 26% NDF, respectively. Milk fat content and yield were unchanged by the LF diet, but were reduced by FO diets at both dietary fiber levels and recovered in the post-treatment period. FO diets caused a pronounced reduction in stearic and oleic acid concentrations in milk fat and an equally pronounced increase in trans-18:1 fatty acid concentrations. Milk fat mean melting point (MMP) was correlated with MFD (r = 0.73) and with milk oleic acid concentration (r = − 0.92). The ratio of oleic:stearic in milk fat increased gradually and consistently in response to FO. Trans-C18:1 isomers with double bounds at carbon ≤ 10 increased with greater MFD and those with double bonds at carbon ≥ 11 decreased with greater MFD. Trans-9 cis-11 CLA explained more than 80% of MFD and was strongly correlated with trans-10 C18:1. Maintenance of MMP below 39–40 °C suggests that the mammary gland was able to secrete only milk fat with adequate fluidity and that MFD could be an adaptation mechanism to prevent secretion of milk with higher MMP.     

Influence of percentage of concentrate in combination with rolled canola seeds on performance, rumen fermentation and milk fatty acid composition in dairy goats

The effect of rolled canola seeds (RCS, 0% or 20% of the dry matter (DM) of the concentrate) combined with percentage of concentrate (45% (L) vs. 65% (H) of the diet DM) on rumen fermentation characteristics, production parameters and fatty acid (FA) profile of milk fat was studied in 20 entire goats and 12 goats fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannula. Goats were fed TMR ad libitum for 15 weeks with the final 12 weeks as the test period. Individual milk samples were taken in weeks 5 and 11 to determine the FA profile of milk fat. Feeding the H diets increased NE_L intake, raw milk yield and yield of fat, protein and lactose. Feeding RCS increased fat corrected milk, milk fat content and fat yield. Combination of RCS and high percentage of concentrate increased fat corrected milk and fat yield. Milk protein content was not affected by dietary factors. Feeding the H diets increased the proportion of short-chain FA (C4:0–C8:0), each isomer of trans-C18:1 and c9,t11-C18:2 in milk at the expense of medium-chain FA with 11 to 17 C units. Feeding RCS decreased the proportion of medium-chain FA with 10 to 17 C units in milk and it increased that of C18:0, all isomers of trans-C18:1, c9-C18:1 and c9,t11-C18:2. Goats fed the H diets, and those fed the RCS had lower c9-C18:1/C18:0 and c9,t11-C18:2/t11-C18:1 ratios. Combination of RCS and high percentage of concentrate produced the highest proportion of all isomers of trans-C18:1 and c9,t11-C18:2 in milk, with the highest variability among the four diets for these FA. This was possibly related to between-goats differences in ruminal fermentation and to individual difference in desaturase activity in the mammary gland. It is concluded that feeding a high-concentrate diet combined with rolled canola seeds had a synergistic effect on the milk production and fat yield without alteration in milk protein content in dairy goats. This combination also resulted in changes in FA profile that may differently affect the nutritional value of goat milk for human health.     

Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids on productive, carcass and meat quality traits of pigs

Three levels (0, 1 and 2%) of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were combined with two levels (low and high) of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) for pig feeding. Productive, carcass and meat quality traits were studied. Large White ♂ × Landrace × Large White ♀ gilts (n = 288) weighting 70 kg were randomly allotted to 6 different feeding treatments and fed to a final average weight of 107 kg. Loins were taken from 48 animals (8 animals randomly selected from each treatment). No differences due to dietary CLA, MUFA or CLA × MUFA interaction were found on average daily gain, average daily consumption, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, backfat thickness, loin weight, loin pH and loin colour. A significant increase in intramuscular fat content (p = 0.010) and in saturated fatty acids (SFA) (p < 0.001), and a decrease in MUFA (p = 0.001) and desaturase indices were found as consequence of dietary CLA, regardless the MUFA level. Therefore, dietary CLA, MUFA and their interaction did not influence productive and carcass traits of pigs. However, the use of CLA for swine feeding increased the intramuscular fat content and modified the fatty acid profile, regardless the MUFA level of the diets.     

共轭亚油酸在分子水平的作用机制研究进展

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是一类重要的营养物质,具有多种生物学功能。大量研究表明,动物饲粮中添加共轭亚油酸可改善饲料利用率,提高动物产品品质,并可调节动物的免疫机能。本文综述了近年来CLA在分子水平作用机制的研究进展,主要阐述了CLA对动物脂类代谢有关基因表达的调节作用及相关转录因子、信号传导和细胞凋亡的影响,并探讨了未来CLA在动物营养学上的研究和发展方向。     

奶牛乳脂率下降的原因与对策

乳脂率是衡量奶牛生产性能的一项重要指标,而影响奶牛乳脂率的因素很多.对奶牛养殖者来说,了解影响奶牛乳脂率的各个因素并采取相应的措施避免乳脂率下降,具有非常重要的意义.文章在提示乳脂率下降机理的基础上,分析了导致乳脂率下降的因素,同时提出了提高乳脂率的措施,为促进奶牛养殖业的健康发展和提高奶牛养殖的经济效益提供参考.     

共轭亚油酸对大黄鱼生长和免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究共轭亚油酸(CLA)对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea,R)生长和免疫指标的影响.选用初体重为(146.25±10.62) g的大黄鱼1 600尾,随机分为4组,每组2个重复,每个重复200尾,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加了0%、1%、2%和4%共轭亚油酸的试验日粮,试验共进行10周.结果表明,与未添加共轭亚油酸组相比,各共轭亚油酸添加组的饵料系数(FE)、特定生长率(SGR)、肥满度(CF)、肝体比(HSI)和脏体比(VSI)未产生显著影响(P>0.05).添加共轭亚油酸能够显著提高血清中溶菌酶、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和肝脏SOD活性(P<0.05),并且随共轭亚油酸含量的升高,活性也升高.血清补体(C3、C4)活性2%和4%共轭亚油酸组显著提高(P<0.05),且以2%组活性最高,并显著高于1%和4%组(P<0.05);肌肉SOD 2%和4%共轭亚油酸组显著提高(P<0.05),且以4%组活性最高,但与1%和2%组差异不显著(P>0.05).由此得出,日粮中添加1%～4%CLA不能提高大黄鱼的生长性能,但可显著提高大黄鱼的机体免疫能力.[动物营养学报,2009,21(2):205-211][中文全文见<动物营养学报>网站(www.ChinaJAN.com)中文版2009年21卷2期]     

饱和脂肪酸对高温环境条件下泌乳中期奶牛产奶性能及牛奶脂肪酸组成的影响

本文旨在研究饱和脂肪酸对高温环境条件下泌乳中期奶牛产奶性能和牛奶中脂肪酸组成的影响.选择产后150～210 d的中国荷斯坦奶牛48头,根据产奶量、分娩时间和胎次分为对照组(SFA 0)、1.5%(SFA 1.5)和3.0%(SFA 3.0)饱和脂肪酸试验组.试验期间牛舍最小湿热指数(THI)在72以上.试验结果,日粮添加饱和脂肪酸提高4%乳脂校正产奶量(P＜0.05),SFA 1.5与SFA 3.0脂肪组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).乳脂和总固形物含量,SFA 3.0组高于对照组(P＜0.05),SFA 1.5组与对照组和SFA 3.0组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).乳蛋白、乳糖、乳尿素氮和乳中体细胞评分各组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).日粮添加饱和脂肪酸的量对乳脂和乳总固形物呈线性增加(P＜0.05),对乳蛋白的含量呈二次曲线增加(P＜0.05).中链、长链、长链不饱和、总不饱和、t10c12CLA、总饱和脂肪酸、长链不饱和与总不饱和脂肪酸的比例各组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).SFA 3.0组短链脂肪酸低于对照组(P＜0.01)和SFA1.5组(P＜0.05),SFA 1.5组与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05).日粮添加饱和脂肪酸呈线性降低乳中短链脂肪酸含量(P=0.03)和c9t11CLA含量(P＜0.01),SFA 0、SFA1.5和SFA 3.0组乳中c9t11CLA含量分别为0.72、0.64和0.55 g/100 g脂肪.结果表明,泌乳中期热应激奶牛日粮添加饱和脂肪酸可显著提高产奶量、乳脂率和乳中总固形物含量;对乳中脂肪酸组成无明显影响;c9t11CLA含量显著降低,但仍在正常范围之内.