果子猪对皮革蛋白粉的消化率测定

８只体重约２ｋｇ的果子狸用于测定其对皮革蛋白的消化率,从而探索皮革蛋白粉作为一种蛋补充料饲养果子狸的可能性。结果表明,皮革蛋白粉中粗蛋白的消化率为７７．７１Ａ％,粗脂肪的消化率为７６．０９％,总能的消化率为７２．１４％,干物质的消化率为９０．９５％。     

不同处理方法对皮革、羽毛离体消化率的影响

为了探讨不同处理方法对皮革、羽毛高体消化率的影响,以皮革下脚料为原料经过不同处理即：对未揉制的皮革经水浸后在121℃、66．74Pa的蒸汽压力下水解40min;对鞣制过的皮革边角在常压下用5％Ca（OH）2处理30min,并对以上2种方法处理的皮革及以水解皮革蛋白为主的动物蛋白粉进行了离体蛋白质消化率和干物质消化率的测定。结果表明：碱水解皮革蛋白的离体蛋白质和于物质消化率分别为97．67％、94．48％,高温高压水解皮革蛋白的离体蛋白质和干物质消化率分别为93．79％、84．56％,同时还测得了用2％HCI水解的羽毛粉胃蛋白酶消化率为62．61％。     

动物副产品在动物生产中的应用

１进口血浆蛋白粉１１血浆蛋白粉作用血浆蛋白粉是猪血或牛血分离出红血球经喷雾干燥而制成的粉状产品。血浆蛋白粉中粗蛋白含量７０％～７８％，赖氨酸含量６％～７６％，其消化利用率较高，粗蛋白和赖氨酸的消化率分别为７６％～８０％和８６％～９０％（见表１），...     

皮革蛋白粉的营养价值及应用效果

<正> 目前,我国饲料蛋白质奇缺,开辟新的蛋白质资源势在必行。开发饲用皮革蛋白粉作为一种高营养价值的蛋白饲料是一条重要的、具有广阔前景的途径。一、皮革蛋白粉的原料来源及加工工艺皮革蛋白粉的原料来源于皮革工业的下脚料和制革厂排放的鞣前废水。用皮革工业下脚料制取皮革蛋白粉的方法是:将废皮屑在碱性条件下水解、退鞣,使铬离子沉淀,控制在一定的pH值内进行过滤,然后浓缩水解为含蛋白50％～60％的蛋白稠液,对此蛋白液进行干燥、粉碎,制取出     

添加鱼蛋白粉对乳清干酪品质的影响

以乳清浓缩蛋白液为原料,将质量分数为0.4％、0.8％和1.2％的鱼蛋白粉加入乳清浓缩液中生产乳清干酪,探究鱼蛋白粉添加量的不同对乳清干酪的产率,消化率及质构特性的影响.结果表明,产品的产率随着鱼蛋白粉添加量的增加而增加,明显改善了干酪的质构特性和干酪消化率,为了提高乳清干酪品质,可以添加1.2％鱼蛋白粉.     

玉米、玉米蛋白粉、菜籽粕和玉米干酒糟可溶物的猪消化能值测定

平均体重 50.9kg生长猪 ,采用全收粪法, 6× 6拉丁方试验设计,测定玉米、玉米蛋白粉、玉米干酒糟可溶物（ DDGS）和菜籽粕的表观消化能及其能量消化率。试验结果玉米、玉米蛋白粉（ CP:52％）、玉米蛋白粉（ CP:47.4％）、玉米蛋白粉（ CP:32％）、玉米干酒糟可溶物（ DDGS）和菜籽粕的表观消化能分别为 13 43MJ/kg、 15 52MJ/kg、 16 11MJ/kg、 16 32MJ/kg、 12 01MJ/kg和 10 21MJ/kg;其能量消化率分别为 81.79％、 78.81％、 81.03％、 87.68％、 59.58％和 57.84％。     

饲粮因素对早期断奶仔猪蛋白质和脂肪消化率,腹泻和生产性能的影响

选用２６日龄断奶的长白×荣昌杂交仔猪（平均体重４．８ｋｇ）,研究饲粮类型（全植物蛋白型和复合蛋白型）、饲粮粗蛋白质（ＣＰ）水平（常规ＣＰ水平和氨基酸平衡的低ＣＰ水平）和添加抑菌促生长剂对早期断奶仔猪ＣＰ和粗脂肪（ＥＥ）消化率、腹泻和生产性能的影响。试验结果显示：（１）复合蛋白型饲粮（ＣＰ２１．８％）的ＣＰ和ＥＥ消化率高于全植物蛋白型饲粮（ＣＰ２１．６％）。复合蛋白饲粮使仔猪腹泻指数明显降低。采食复     

草鱼对碳水化合物表观消化率测定方法的研究

试验设计４个组，每组３个重复，用含量均为４５％的马铃薯淀粉、糊精、葡萄糖和４５％马铃薯淀粉＋０５％Ｃｒ２Ｏ３的试验饲料饲喂草鱼（平均初重（２８６１±０２９）ｇ）２周后收集粪便。用ＡＩＡ４Ｎ法所测草鱼对４种饲料中相应碳水化合物的表观消化率分别为５９２６％、９８５２％、９８５９％和５７３７％。该研究比较了ＡＩＡ４Ｎ法、ＡＩＡ２Ｎ法、浓硫酸—过氯酸消化一二苯基二氨基脲比色法和浓硝酸—过氯酸消化—直接比色法４种表观消化率测定方法的利弊。结果显示，ＡＩＡ４Ｎ法和浓硝酸—过氯酸消化—直接比色法操作简便，重复性好，准确性高，是较理想的测定表观消化率的方法。     

中、后期肉鸡可消化蛋氨酸需求参数研究

本试验通过研究日粮中可消化蛋氨酸水平对３周龄后肉鸡生长性能、血清尿素氮含量、氮平衡的影响来探讨中、后期肉鸡可消化蛋氨酸需求参数。基础日粮（玉米—豆粕型）中蛋氨酸的消化率采用去盲肠成熟种公鸡测定。消化试验测得基础日粮蛋氨酸的表观消化率为８２３５％（３～６周龄）、８３９３％（６～８周龄）；真消化率为９１１８％（３～６周龄）、９２１４％（６～８）周龄。本次试验的结果表明：在３～６周龄期间，公鸡日粮蛋氨酸总需求参数为０４２％，表观可消化蛋氨酸需求参数为０３６％，真可消化蛋氨酸需求参数为０３９％，母鸡则分别为０３８％、０３２％、０３５％；在６～８周龄期间，公鸡和母鸡的日粮蛋氨酸总需求参数为０３２％，表观可消化蛋氨酸需求参数为０２７％，真可消化蛋氨酸需求参数为０３０％     

玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾表观消化率和蛋白酶活性的影响

分别用0（对照组）、5%、10%、15%的玉米蛋白粉替代饲料中0、9.1%、18.2%、27.3%的鱼粉,配制4种等氮、等能的生长试验饲料。饲养罗氏沼虾53d后,以0.5%的Cr2O3为指示物,测定罗氏沼虾对试验饲料的表观消化率,研究玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾蛋白酶的影响。并按照70%基础饲料（对照组）加30%被测饲料原料的方法配制饲料,比较罗氏沼虾对豆粕、玉米蛋白粉和鱼粉的表观消化率。结果表明,罗氏沼虾对玉米蛋白粉的干物质和粗蛋白表观消化率分别为85.31%和92.28%,与豆粕、鱼粉的表观消化率没有显著差异;玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾肝胰腺、胃和肠道蛋白酶活性没有显著性影响（P〉0.05）;玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾干物质表观消化率没有显著影响（P〉0.05）,显著影响蛋白质表观消化率（P〈0.05）,其中,15%玉米蛋白组的蛋白质表观消化率最高（91.82%）,显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,其他3组之间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。     

日粮纤维水平对猪营养物质表观消化率的影响

为了测定日粮不同纤维水平和品种对猪营养成分表观消化率的影响,试验选用8头4月龄猪,采用4×4拉丁方设计进行试验。4种试验日粮按等能等氮设计,日粮Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ粗纤维水平分别为3%、6%、9%和12%(干物质基础),4个品种分别为莱芜猪(100%)、大莱猪(50%)、大大莱猪(25%)、大约克猪(0%)。在本试验条件下,日粮纤维在较低的范围内(3%~6%)粗蛋白质(CP)消化率随粗纤维含量的增加而提高,赖氨酸、蛋氨酸表观消化率差异不显著,CP在粗纤维含量6%时,消化率最高达到86.90%。不同品种猪对干物质、Ca、P的消化率影响极显著(P＜0.01),但莱芜猪和大约克猪对干物质、CP消化率的影响差异不显著,莱芜猪对NDF的消化率为51.44%,大约克猪为43.51%,两者之间差异极显著(P＜0.01)。NDF和ADF的表观消化率随猪血统中莱芜猪血比例的降低而显著降低,NDF在小肠中已得到有效的分解,本试验结果证实莱芜黑猪具有耐粗饲的特性。不同品种猪对必需氨基酸(EAA)的表观消化率除赖氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸外影响均不显著。     

The influence of stocking rate and grazing system on the crude protein content and digestibility of Tarchonanthus veld in the northern cape 1

Abstract

Four stocking rates (10, 7, 6 and 4 ha/large stock unit), in both rotational and continuous grazing, have been applied with cattle on Tarchonanthus veld. The crude protein content and digestibility of organic matter of handcut samples and herbage samples collected by means of oesophageal fistulated steers in the different treatments, were determined.

The results indicated that the crude protein content (3,9 to 6,7%) and digestibility (48,7 to 59,4%) of handcut samples was not representative of the diet of grazing cattle. The crude protein content of the samples collected by means of oesophageal fistulated steers varied from an average of 13,6%. (October to December) to an average of 5,3% (July and August). On average, the digestibility of the fistula collected samples varied between 60,4% (February to April) and 50,2% (July to October). The crude protein content of the fistula collected samples tended to increase with increasing stocking rate while digestibility declined. Both crude protein content and digestibility of the fistula collected samples did not differ significantly between rotational and continuous grazing.     

The effect of different high levels of soy extract pellets in the ration on the digestibility of crude nutrients, basic and sulfur-containing amino acids of wheat in colostomized laying hybrids

In two digestibility experiments with 4 colostomized laying hybrids each, the influence of 12.5% (ration 1) and 25% soybean meal (ration 2) on the digestibility of the crude nutrients, the basic and sulphur-containing amino acids in the wheat rations was tested. In ration 1 the digestibility of the crude protein was 84.9%, of the crude fat 56.6% and that of the N-free extractives 87.4%; for ration 2 the values were 83.6%, 47.4% and 82.5%. The digestibility values for wheat acquired with the difference method for ration 1 were 85.7% for crude protein, 57.0% for crude fat and 89.8% for N-free extractives; energy concentration was 766 EFUhens. For wheat supplemented with 25% soybean meal the same digestibility value of the crude protein could be ascertained, the digestibility of the crude fat and the N-free extractives, however, was lower than for ration 1 so that an energy concentration lower by 3.9% was calculated. The possible causes of the influence of the different levels of lysine and thioamino acids on the digestibility of these amino acids of wheat are described.     

The effect of different levels of soybean extract meal on the apparent digestibility of crude nutrients and amino acids in colostomized laying hens

Four colostomized laying hens per group were given a ration of barley and soya bean oil meal (SBM) with 12.5, 25.0 and 37.5% SBM resp. The crude protein intakes were 14.0, 17.7 and 21.4 g per animal and day. The lysine intake raised from 681 mg (group 1) to 1275 mg (group 3) per animal and day. The digestibility of dry matter and of the N-free extracts of the ration decreased with the rising SBM portion in the ration. The digestibility of crude protein remained constant. The investigated amino acids (Lys, His, Arg, Cys, Met) were higher digested in the 37.5% SBM ration than in the 12.5% SBM ration. The following digestibility values for SBM were found by means of the difference method: Dry matter 52.5%, crude protein 83.1%, crude fat 51.7%, crude fibre 5.5%, N-free extracts 50.6%. The level of the SBM did not influence the digestibility of the crude nutrients. The apparent digestibility of lysine from SBM depended on the level of intake and was found to be 82.3, 83.4 and 89.0%, resp. There were no differences in the digestibility of other amino acids.     

味精菌体蛋白对鸡蛋白质和氨基酸利用率的影响

选用24只2 kg左右的蛋公鸡,随机分组进行4个处理,每个处理6只鸡。前3个处理分别给每只鸡强饲占体重4%的待测原料(豆粕、玉米蛋白粉和味精菌体蛋白),第4个处理作为内源对照组,测定内源排泄量,以评定味精菌体蛋白对鸡蛋白质和氨基酸利用率的影响。结果表明,味精菌体蛋白粗蛋白含量达到71.45%,分别比豆粕和玉米蛋白粉高64.03%和22.32%;味精菌体蛋白粗蛋白表观消化率和真消化率、总氨基酸表观消化率和真消化率均极显著低于豆粕和玉米蛋白粉(P<0.01);而干物质表观消化率和真消化率三者间无显著差异(P>0.05);在已测定的17种氨基酸中,除甘氨酸外,味精菌体蛋白粉其他氨基酸表观消化率和真消化率均极显著低于豆粕和玉米蛋白粉(P<0.01)。这表明味精菌体蛋白的蛋白质和氨基酸利用率低于豆粕和玉米蛋白粉。     

酶解豆粕对肉鸡生产性能和养分消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究微生物蛋白酶水解豆粕对1～21日龄肉鸡生长性能和养分消化率的影响。选择1日龄科宝母雏336只,随机分为4组,即对照组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组。对照组为玉米—豆粕型基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别以5%、10%和15%酶解豆粕替代对照组中等量的普通豆粕。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组显著提高了肉鸡采食量（12%～21%）和增重（8%～16%）(P<0.05),降低料重比（3%～7%）(P<0.05);试验组对干物质、粗蛋白质、能量、钙和磷的消化率也具有显著的提高作用(P<0.05);各试验组之间,生产性能和干物质、粗蛋白质、钙消化率差异显著(P<0.05),但能量和磷的消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,豆粕经酶解改善了其蛋白质的营养价值,肉仔鸡日粮添加酶解豆粕可以提高肉鸡的生长性能和养分消化率。     

不同发酵时间对全混合日粮的瘤胃降解特性以及小肠消化率的影响

试验旨在研究发酵0、3、7、15、30 d的全混合日粮(TMR)对瘤胃降解特性以及小肠消化率的影响。选用3头体重为550 kg左右、安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法和三步体外法测定发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的瘤胃降解率以及瘤胃未降解蛋白(RUP)的小肠消化率。结果表明:随着发酵时间的延长,FTMR饲料的DM含量显著降低(P<0.05);随着发酵时间的延长,显著提高FTMR的DM、CP、NDF的瘤胃降解率(P<0.05)和CP、NDF的快速降解部分(P <0.05);同时发酵显著降低RUP的小肠消化率(P <0.05)。综上可知,全混合日粮提高了DM、CP和NDF在瘤胃中的瘤胃降解率,15、30 d的FTMR各营养成分的瘤胃降解性较好;RUP的小肠消化率随发酵时间的延长开始逐渐降低,7d之后降低最为明显。因此,应控制好TMR的发酵时间,以便更有效地利用饲料资源。     

Effect of pelleting and beta-glucanase supplementation on the ileal and fecal digestibility of a barley-based diet in the pig

The influences of pelleting and beta-glucanase supplementation on the digestibility of dietary components in a barley-based diet were investigated in pigs fitted with cannulas in the terminal ileum. The diet contained 49.0% starch, 18.9% crude protein and 14.8% dietary fiber, with arabinoxylans (4.9%), mixed-linked beta-glucans (3.4%) and cellulose (3.3%) as the main fiber components. Pelleting increased mixed-linked beta-glucan solubility from 45 to 62%. Neither treatment influenced the ileal or fecal apparent digestibilities of dry matter (64 and 80%, respectively), energy (62 and 79%), crude protein (53 and 75%), crude fat (26 and 27%) or dietary fiber (58 and 72%). However, pelleting increased (P less than .01) the pre-ileal apparent digestibility of starch from 91.5 to 95.3% and decreased (P less than .03) that of ash from -10 to -23%, while increasing (P less than .005) the fecal apparent digestibility of starch from 98.6 to 99.7%. The solubility of mixed-linked beta-glucans in ileal digesta was lower (P less than .001) in pelleted (26%) than in unpelleted (58%) diets. beta-glucanase supplementation also increased (P less than .05) the ileal apparent digestibility of starch, from 92.6 to 94.3%, and of mixed-linked beta-glucans, from 95.7 to 97.1%. Significant between-pig differences in the apparent digestibility of dietary components were observed. In conclusion, treatments that disrupt the endosperm cell walls in barley can increase the proportion of the diet digested prior to the large intestine.     

果子狸对玉米、豆粕和鱼粉型日粮的消化率测定

本试验测定了 4只果子狸对玉米、豆粕和鱼粉型日粮的消化率。结果表明 :果子狸对该日粮的营养成分的消化率分别为 :粗蛋白 (CP) 68 31 % ,干物质 (DM ) 5 3 0 5 % ,精脂肪 (CL)5 8 30 % ,能量 (GE) 61 31 %。     

A Comparative Study of the Difference Method and the Enzyme-Hydrolyzed Casein Method for Determining True Amino Acid Digestibilities and Endogenous Amino Acid Losses in Duck Feed

In this study, we examined the variations between the difference method and the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method for determining endogenous amino acid loss and the true amino acid digestibility in ducks fed normal protein-containing diets. These methods were compared to the nitrogen-free (N-free) diet method. The difference method was based on soybean meal as the only protein source, with the experimental diets containing crude protein levels at 15% and 20%. The enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method was based on enzyme-hydrolyzed casein meal as the protein source, with the experimental diet containing a crude protein level of 17.5%. The N-free diet was prepared with starches and paper fibers. In each method, 64 Tianfu meat drakes (7-weeks-old) with an average body weight of 2.77 ± 0.16 kg were used and divided into four groups, and fed four different diets. Each group contained four replicates of four drakes and they were force fed trial diets according to the Sirbald method for detecting their apparent amino acid digestibility, endogenous amino acid loss and true amino acid digestibility. The results demonstrated that using the difference, enzyme-hydrolyzed casein and N-free diet methods, endogenous amino acid losses were 0.9946, 1.2243 and 0.9297 mg/g dry matter intake (DMI), respectively. The true amino acid digestibility measured by the difference method was 88.93% ± 4.43%. Using the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20%, the digestibility was 91.15% ± 4.33% and 91.97% ± 4.16%, respectively, and by the N-free diet methods with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20%, it was 88.55% ± 4.29% and 88.82% ± 4.61%, respectively. The results suggested that when the dietary protein level was 15% to 20 %, the true amino acid digestibility and endogenous amino acid loss as determined by the difference method was more accurate than the values determined by the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method.