商品代肉雏鸡禽流感母源抗体的检测

对新疆某一种鸡场的商品代肉雏鸡进行了禽流感母源抗体的跟踪监测。结果显示,2004年4个批次商品代肉雏鸡的禽流感母源抗体持续期随着种鸡免疫后时间的推移呈递减趋势,将同批种鸡进行二次免疫后商品代肉雏鸡抗体持续期明显增长,表明禽流感母源抗体的消长与种鸡的免疫状况具有密切的关系。2006年～2007年5个批次的商品代肉雏鸡禽流感H5母源抗体持续期与2004年相比明显缩短。     

蛋鸡禽流感和新城疫母源抗体消长规律的研究

为了探讨种鸡场禽流感和新城疫母源抗体消长规律,制定科学的免疫程序,本试验对父母代种鸡和出壳当日蛋雏鸡进行禽流感和新城疫抗体检测以及对1、8、15、22及29日龄蛋雏鸡进行禽流感H5、H9亚型和新城疫母源抗体跟踪检测。结果表明,父母代种鸡禽流感和新城疫免疫抗体水平较高,且通过卵黄传递给蛋雏鸡,使其产生较高的母源抗体抵抗病毒侵袭。同时发现蛋雏鸡在出壳当日禽流感和新城疫母源抗体水平最高,均达到6log2以上,且群体抗体合格率均达90%以上,随后母源抗体逐渐下降,在15日龄时禽流感H5亚型和新城疫母源抗体下降到抗体保护水平以下,22日龄时禽流感H9亚型母源抗体也已下降到抗体保护水平以下,因此在15日龄时进行禽流感H5亚型和新城疫首免,在22日龄时进行禽流感H9亚型首免,可以有效降低禽流感H5和H9亚型和新城疫的发生风险。     

有母源抗体的三黄鸡免疫H5N1亚型禽流感疫苗后抗体水平的测定

通过对三黄鸡禽流感母源抗体和免疫抗体水平连续跟踪,探讨H5N1亚型禽流感母源抗体和免疫抗体消长规律.结果表明:该批鸡母源抗体水平较低,下降较快:免疫后30 d左右,抗体滴度达到4.5 log2,免疫后56 d,抗体达到高峰,其免疫保护期可达3个月.     

禽流感免疫程序的建立

通过禽流感病毒保护性HI抗体滴度、禽流感母源抗体消长规律以及疫苗免疫抗体消长规律的研究,结合疫苗和诊断试剂质量及血清监测中存在的问题制定了禽流感免疫程序。生产中应用表明,本研究制定的免疫程序是切实可行的。     

和县肉鸭AI母源抗体消长规律试验

安徽和县肉鸭生产规模较大，据监测显示：肉鸭禽流感（AI）血清抗体水平普遍低，多数循环抗体水平存保护线以下，保护力很低，免疫接种达不到预期的免疫效果。为此，我们对和县樱桃芥肉鸭禽流感母源抗体水平的消长规律进行了研究．为制定合理的免疫程序提供参考依据。     

重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-1株)免疫鸡抗体消长规律及免疫程序的初步研究

研究新型重组H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗对种鸡和肉鸡的免疫原性,并对雏鸡母源抗体和免疫后的抗体进行动态观察,根据试验结果推荐该疫苗对鸡的免疫程序。用HI方法检测种鸡、肉鸡的母源抗体和免疫抗体,根据母源抗体的衰减和免疫抗体的消长规律确定首免和再免日龄。结果表明种鸡的母源抗体约能维持10 d多;0.3 mL/羽首免后10 d HI抗体就可达到6.40 log2,3-5周达到高峰期,至免疫17周后(19周龄)HI抗体水平仍然维持在4.88 log2;19周龄时0.5 mL/羽进行二免,有效抗体能维持约20周;280日龄0.5 mL/羽三免后抗体水平均一,下降缓慢,至种鸡淘汰时(三免后29周)抗体水平仍能维持在5.32 log2。肉鸡母源抗体约能维持7d,10日龄时0.3 mL/羽免疫,有效抗体能维持到上市。新型重组H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗对鸡的免疫原性确实。     

伊犁某蛋鸡场禽流感抗体监测及免疫程序的制定

笔者用重组禽流感灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-1株)对10日龄蛋鸡进行初免,21 d后加强免疫1次,同时做非免疫组试验。利用血凝抑制(HI)试验跟踪监测其抗体水平,根据禽流感母源抗体及免疫后抗体的产生及消长规律,制定合理的免疫程序,从而为预防高致病性禽流感提供技术支持。     

禽流感灭活疫苗母源抗体和免疫抗体检测

应用国家颁部的血凝抑制试验(HI)．对黑龙江省部分大型种鸡场和专业户饲养的鸡群，禽流感灭活疫苗母源机体和免疫抗体进行跟踪检测；初步掌握了禽流感母源抗体和免疫抗体消长规律，为制定禽流感免疫程序和防治提供重要科学依据。国家认定的中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所和中牧实业集团产品H5、H9双价灭活疫苗．免疫后抗体产生快，抗     

海兰褐蛋鸡新城疫、禽流感母源抗体消长规律的研究

本研究应用血凝抑制试验对不同日龄的海兰褐蛋鸡进行新城疫、禽流感母源抗体水平的检测,掌握雏鸡AI和ND母源抗体的分布和消长规律。结果表明,雏鸡出壳后,新城疫、禽流感母源抗体水平大都在7日龄内出现高峰,之后随着日龄的增长,抗体水平逐渐下降,新城疫、禽流感H9亚型母源抗体35日龄已基本消失,而禽流感H5亚型Re-4株和Re-5株母源抗体下降较快,20日龄左右母源抗体水平接近0。     

商品代白羽肉鸡母源抗体消长水平的检测

通过商品代白羽肉鸡高致病性禽流感母源抗体消长规律的监测,观察免疫抗体的消长情况及抗体的持续期,选择合适的首免时间,试验表明AA白羽肉鸡的首次免疫时间为5～7d,2周后进行二免比较适宜。     

免疫不同剂量禽流感疫苗对蛋鸡抗体效价的影响

禽流感作为家禽养殖业的最大威胁,通过科学使用禽流感疫苗进行免疫能够有效预防暴发禽流感疫情。本试验对蛋鸡在相同条件下注射不同剂量的禽流感疫苗,间隔相同时间后采样测定抗体的效价,结果表明:首次免疫的剂量0.3 m L/羽、0.4m L/羽、0.5 mL/羽,一个月后测定的(H5+H7)抗体滴度平均值随着免疫剂量的增加而提高,60日龄加强免疫剂量为0.5 mL/羽、0.7 mL/羽、0.9 mL/羽,一个月及两个月后测定的(H5+H7)抗体滴度平均值均保持在最高水平10。试验表明:首次免疫禽流感疫苗剂量为0.5 m L/羽的抗体效价水平最高,加强免疫的不同剂量均能使抗体效价在较长一段时期保持最高水平。     

安徽省合肥地区家禽交易市场禽流感疫情定点监测情况分析

为了了解安徽省合肥地区家禽禽流感免疫及带毒情况,2011年4—8月,在合肥地区家禽交易市场,采集不同来源、不同品种家禽的血清和同份棉拭子样品（咽喉、泄殖腔双份）603份（实测589份）,分别进行高致病性禽流感免疫抗体和病原学检测,结果表明,全部样品平均免疫抗体合格率为70.80%。对监测结果进行分析发现,不同品种、不同养殖规模、不同月份的高致病性禽流感免疫抗体存在差异,其中,蛋鸡、种鸡高致病性禽流感免疫抗体合格率达80%以上,而肉鸡及水禽的免疫抗体水平则较差;饲养规模在1000羽以上的养禽场家禽高致病性禽流感平均免疫抗体合格率均达到70%以上,而饲养规模在1000羽以下的养禽场和农村散养家禽免疫抗体合格率分别为27.45%和32.84%,尚未达到农业部规定标准;在6月采集的样品,其平均免疫合格率偏低,其他月份差异不显著。病原学检测结果表明,全部检测样品高致病性禽流感病原检测结果均为阴性。     

鸽禽流感免疫防制程序的探讨

对不同龄期鸽进行疫苗免疫和采用不同免疫间隔进行疫苗免疫后抗体消长动态及母源抗体的检测结果:在7～35日龄初免,7天后产生抗体,28～35天抗体滴度达到较高点,效果较好;首免后间隔20～90天二免,效果较优,当母鸽为高抗体水平(8.1log2)时产下的子代母源抗体至15日龄时已衰减至3.7log2。据此,提出了鸽场禽流感的免疫程序。     

Immune response to avian reovirus in chickens and protection against experimental infection

Objectives To assess the efficacy of the vaccination procedure and the effect of the transfer of maternal antibodies to progeny chickens on reovirus pathogenicity.
Design To vaccinate chickens and challenge progeny chickens with high doses of homologous and heterologous viruses.
Procedure High doses of reovirus strains RAM-1, 1091 and 724 were used to induce tenosynovitis lesions. High doses were produced by concentration of viruses grown in cell culture. Then similar doses of viruses were used to challenge immunised chickens progeny.
Result Vaccination of breeding hens with the RAM-1 strain of avian reovirus, which resulted in the passive transfer of neutralising antibody to progeny chickens, completely prevented the development of tenosynovitis in 80% of progeny chickens infected with the homologous virus. Even though multiple injection of hens resulted in broadening of the normal type-specificity of the neutralising antibody response against heterologous serotypes of avian reovirus, only marginal protection against strains of two heterologous serotypes of avian reovirus was obtained.
Conclusions A model for assessing the efficacy of vaccination against avian reovirus strains on clinical signs such as tenosynovitis was developed that overcome the normal low virulence of Australian strains of avian reovirus. Breeding hens can be immunised with Australian strain of avian reovirus with passive transfer of antibody via the yolk to the progeny chickens. Although the neutralising antibody response to three injections of inactivated virus decreased the specificity of the neutralising antibody response against antigenically heterologous strains of avian reovirus, the protective immunity appeared to retain type-specificity.     

Influence of enrofloxacin and chloramphenicol on the level of IgY in serum and egg yolk after immunostimulation of hens with Salmonella enteritidis antigens

In the chicken, maternal antibodies are transferred into the egg and subsequently transported into the developing embryo. IgG (called IgY) is the primary immunoglobulin isotype of the egg yolk. Their level in serum depends on the correct function of immunological system in laying hens. Many factors have a direct or indirect influence on antibody level in fowl. One of them is a commonly used antibiotic, but its influence on avian immune system is still unknown. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of enrofloxacin and chloramphenicol on the level of IgY antibody in serum and egg yolk after immunostimulation of hens with living cells of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis and lipopolisaccharide. Forty adult egg-laying Arbor Acres and Isa 215 hens (32 and 50 weeks old) from the reproductive flocks and 1640 of their eggs were used for the investigation. No clinical symptoms of any diseases were observed in birds during the entire breeding period. Additionally the birds were checked as free from Salmonella spp. in the beginning of the experiment. The birds were divided into 6 experimental and 2 control groups (5 birds in one group). The hens in the experimental groups were immunized with S. Enteritidis antigens: living bacteria and lipopolisaccharide and treated with enrofloxacin or chloramphenicol. Antibiotics were administered in drinking water for 10 days (from 3rd to 13th day of experiment). To indicate anti-S. Enteritidis, antibodies in sera and egg yolk were used indirectly on ELISA based on lipopolisaccharide from S. Enteritidis. As conjugate these were applied anti-chicken IgY with horseradish peroxidase and ABTS with H2O2 as obtained. Additionally, to detect antibody in serum, a rapid slide test was used with Pullognost and Enterognost standard antigens made in the laboratory. The study revealed that both antibiotics tested decreased the level of specific IgY in laying hens immunized with living bacteria and lipopolisaccharide. It seems that antibiotics have a suppressive effect on the immunological system. The strongest immunosuppressive effect was exerted by chloramphenicol.     

免疫剂量和母源抗体对禽流感重组鸡痘病毒活载体疫苗免疫效力的影响

利用表达 H 5亚型禽流感病毒 (AIV)血凝素基因的重组鸡痘病毒 (r FPV- HA)以不同剂量免疫 1日龄 SPF鸡、有或无母源抗体 (FPV、AIV H5)的商品鸡 ,并于免疫后 2 1d利用同亚型 AIV通过肌肉注射进行致死性攻击 ,通过检测免疫后 HI抗体应答、比较攻毒后发病率和死亡率评价免疫剂量和母源抗体对 r FPV- HA免疫效力的影响。结果发现 ,免疫后 2 1d,15 %～ 2 0 %的 SPF鸡和无母源抗体商品鸡可检出 HI抗体 ,而含母源抗体商品鸡检测不到 HI抗体。利用H5亚型 AIV致死性攻击后 ,10 3～ 10 6 PFU的 r FPV- HA可保护 95 %～ 10 0 %的 SPF鸡和无母源抗体商品鸡抵御强毒攻击 ,使之免于发病和死亡 ;而不同剂量 r FPV- HA接种的含母源抗体商品鸡有 80 %～ 90 %发病和死亡。结果表明 ,在较宽的免疫剂量范围内 ,r FPV- HA对 SPF鸡和无母源抗体商品鸡可提供良好的保护 ,显示出一定的应用前景 ;母源抗体影响 r FPV- HA诱导的免疫应答 ,且提高免疫剂量亦不能克服其干扰作用 ,这提示在实际应用中需优化免疫程序 ,避免母源抗体干扰。     

武汉市新洲区2021年高致病性禽流感和新城疫免疫抗体监测数据浅析

高致病性禽流感（highly pathogenic avian influenza, HPAI）和新城疫（newcastle disease, ND）等烈性传染病对养禽业危害严重,是养禽业需重点防控的疾病,其中HPAI是国家规定的强制免疫疫病。武汉市新洲区为家禽养殖大区,有规模禽场350余家,养殖规模近1140万只。为了解2021年度武汉市新洲区规模养殖场高致病性禽流感和新城疫免疫抗体合格率,武汉市新洲区农业技术推广服务中心连续12个月对辖区内规模鸡场进行蛋样抽检,运用血凝和血凝抑制试验,分别检测了高致病性禽流感H5亚型、H7亚型和新城疫的免疫抗体。结果显示,高致病性禽流感H5亚型、H7亚型和新城疫的整体免疫抗体合格率分别为94.1%、96.4%和88.9%,均达到了农业农村部规定的免疫抗体合格率不低于70.0%的标准。     

Correlation of serum antibody titer for avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) in hens with the resistance of progeny embryos to AEV

Serum antibody titers for avian encephalomyelitis virus of vaccinated breeding hens were correlated with the resistance of the hens' progeny embryos to viral challenge. All of the embryos from hens that had enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers greater than 400 were resistant to challenge, and two-thirds of the embryos from hens that had titers greater than 300 were resistant. About one-half of the embryos from hens that had titers from 100 to 300 were immune to challenge.     

重组H5N1亚型禽流感疫苗免疫孔雀后的抗体消长规律及免疫程序的研究

为了探讨孔雀对H5高致病性禽流感灭活疫苗的免疫原性,做好孔雀禽流感的防控,采用哈尔滨兽医研究所研制的重组H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感疫苗,不同剂量免疫孔雀后,跟踪其抗体消长规律。检测结果显示:小孔雀母源抗体能维持约6周;首免0.5 mL/羽颈部皮下注射,有效抗体能维持18周以上;1.0,1.5,2.0 mL/羽3个剂量组肌肉注射进行二免,以1.5 mL/羽组效果最好,有效抗体能维持10个月左右;成年孔雀1.5 mL/羽进行三免,有效抗体能维持1年以上。而且孔雀产生的抗体均一性良好,抗体阳性率均在75%以上。根据抗体消长规律,推荐了孔雀的免疫程序。