半开放式鸡舍热应激的综合防控措施

鸡热应激是指鸡体在外界环境温度32℃以上时,由于体温过高及生理机能趋于紊乱而发生一系列异常反应。热应激影响到鸡的采食量、生产性能、饲料利用率以及产品质量,并可导致鸡在短时间内大量死亡,给养鸡生产带来损失。据有关资料显示,当外界温度达到27℃时,成年鸡便开始出现异常喘     

鸡热应激的表现及其缓解措施

热应激是指外界环境温度过高（蛋鸡超过25℃,肉鸡超过28℃）,由于体温调节及生理机能趋于紊乱而发生的一系列异常反应,并出现生产性能下降,甚至出现休克或死亡等现象。白天特别是午后,气温较高,鸡只处于热应激环境下,晚上气温下降,特别是凌晨,使鸡遭受的热应激得以缓解,这种短时间的热暴露称为急性热应激,而长时间的间歇性的热暴露称为慢性热应激。     

热应激对肉种鸡生产的危害和防治

鸡的热应激,又称鸡的中暑症.所谓热应激是指环境温度高于机体所承受的温度范围对机体产生的一系列危害和损伤的应激过程.肉鸡全身背覆羽毛、无汗腺、有比较高的深部体温,生长速度快、体型大、皮厚、皮下及腹下脂肪较多,如果外界环境温度、湿度过高,饮水不足,特别是通风不良等,鸡体散热困难,就很容易发生热应激,导致鸡体内新陈代谢和生理机能紊乱,进而影响鸡的健康,甚至大批死亡,给养鸡生产带来巨大的经济损失.     

热应激对肉鸡产生的影响有哪些?

正中大肉鸡适宜的生长温度为18～24℃,达到26℃时鸡还可以通过喘气的方式让外界空气与呼吸道粘膜接触散热;28℃以上时鸡热应激开始表现明显;高于32℃鸡仅靠张口呼吸已无力排出过多的热量,尤其在高湿条件下,热应激表现得更加严重。热应激影响肉鸡生长速度及采食量18-24℃的环境温度对于肉鸡来说是比较舒适的温度,能取     

肉鸡夏季防制热应激

肉仔鸡最适宜的生长环境温度应在21～23℃左右,在此温度范围内,肉仔鸡生长速度快、饲料报酬高,热应激较小.当舍温超过32℃以上时,鸡就进入热应激状态.夏季养鸡极易产生热应激,轻者引起生产性能下降,严重的可引起大批死亡.因此,夏季养鸡要注意防止热应激.     

肉鸡夏季防制热应激

肉仔鸡最适宜的生长环境温度应在21～23℃左右，在此温度范围内，肉仔鸡生长速度快、饲料报酬高，热应激较小。当舍温超过32℃以上时，鸡就进入热应激状态。夏季养鸡极易产生热应激，轻者引起生产性能下降，严重的可引起大批死亡。因此，夏季养鸡要注意防止热应激。     

热应激对鸡的危害及防制措施

鸡的营养代谢过程受内在和外界环境的影响。在外界环境顺素中除饲料因素外，温度是影响鸡生产性能的主要因素之一。据测定，成鸡最理想的环境温度是20～25℃，在此温度范围内，鸡生长最快．饲料利用率也最高。过高的环境温度将会对鸡产生不利的影响．当温度达到32℃以上时．就会引起鸡生理及精神上的系列不良反应，此时，鸡就陷入一种热应激状态，时间一长，轻则影响生长和产量．严重时迅速导致中毒死亡。     

半开放式鸡舍热应激的防控措施

鸡热应激是指鸡体在外界环境温度32℃以上时,由于体温调节及生理机能趋于紊乱而发生的异常反应,严重影响到鸡的采食量、生产繁殖性能、饲料利用率以及产品质量,     

热应激对鸡的危害及防治措施

热应激对鸡的危害及防治措施刘忠琛张翠华（山东胶州市畜牧局２６６３００温度是影响鸡生产性能的重要因素之一，据测定，成鸡最理想的环境温度为２０～２５℃，在此温度范围内，鸡生长最快，饲料利用率也最高。过高的环境温度将会对鸡产生十分不利的影响，当温度达到３２...     

半开放式鸡舍热应激的综合防控措施

<正>鸡热应激是指鸡体在外界环境温度32℃以上时,由于体温过高及生理机能趋于紊乱而发生一系列异常反应,严重影响到鸡的采食量、生产性能、饲料利用率以及产品质量,并可导致鸡在短时间内大量死亡,给养鸡生产带来严重损失。据有关资料显     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.