小麦黄矮病毒4种株系对小麦7个品种的影响

筛选抗耐小麦黄矮病的种质资源是选育抗耐小麦优良品种的前提。小麦黄矮病的GPV株系由麦二叉蚜和禾缢管蚜传播,是我国黄矮病流行区的主流株系,它是我国特有的株系(周广和等,1987)。近几年又确定了GAV株系(麦长管蚜、麦二叉蚜传播)、PAV株系(禾缢管蚜、麦长管蚜、麦二叉蚜传播)和RMV株系(玉米蚜传播)(周广     

一种由麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜传播的小麦黄矮病毒株系的鉴定

 通过对采自我国内蒙古丰镇县13个春小麦病株标样进行4种蚜虫连续传毒比较,不同温度饲毒和接种试验,薄膜饲毒,2种蚜虫成若蚜传毒比较和血清学酶标试验等,明确我国内蒙古丰镇县小麦黄矮病毒株系为由麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜有效传播的麦二叉蚜麦长管蚜株系(GAV)。对于这个株系,禾缢管蚜与玉米蚜是不能传播的。这种株系在我国冬麦区春麦区都有分布。     

一种由麦二叉蚜、禾缢管蚜非专化性传毒的小麦黄矮病毒株系鉴定

 通过对河南省灵宝县采集的小麦黄矮病病株标样进行4种蚜虫传毒比较、薄膜饲毒、不同温度饲毒和接种试验、麦二叉蚜成、若蚜传毒比较及酶联免疫吸附试验等.证明这种标样的病毒只能由麦二叉蚜、禾缢管蚜非专化性传播,而麦长管蚜,玉米蚜不能传播.定为小麦黄矮病毒麦二叉蚜禾缢管蚜非专化性株系.     

河北省春小麦黄矮病的主要介体和病毒株系研究

１９９２￣１９９５年的研究结果表明,河北省春麦区麦长管蚜是传播小麦黄矮病毒的优势种群,占张家口坝上、坝下及承德麦蚜发生总量的９４．７５％￣１００％。有翅蚜迁入麦田的时期和数量是影响春麦黄矮病发生程度的重要因素。张家口坝上小麦黄矮病毒株系以麦二叉蚜、麦长管蚜株系（ＧＡＶ）占绝对优势,张家口坝下及承德地区的株系种类较为复杂,除以ＧＡＶ株系为主外,存在禾缢管蚜、麦长管蚜、麦二叉蚜株系（ＰＡＧＶ）及麦二叉     

小麦黄矮病毒4种株系对小麦7个品种的影响

筛选抗耐小麦黄矮病的种质资源是选育抗耐小麦优良品种的前提。小麦黄矮病的GPV株系由麦二叉蚜和禾缢管蚜传播,是我国黄矮病流行区的主流株系,它是我国特有的株系(周广和等,1987)。     

小麦黄矮病优势介体麦二叉蚜传毒力测定

我国北方麦区发生流行的小麦黄矮病,借麦二叉蚜、麦长管蚜、麦无网蚜,禾谷缢蚜和玉米缢蚜持久性传播,其中麦二叉蚜为优势介体蚜虫种群,因此对麦二叉蚜、不同虫态及其龄期传播小麦黄矮病的能力进行了测定。     

1985年小麦黄矮病毒标样测定简报

1985年4至6月到河南、山西、陕西、甘肃、内蒙古、山东及北京市等冬、春麦区采集小麦黄矮病的病株标样110份,在温室利用麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)(Sg)、麦长管蚜Sitobion(Macrosi phum)avenae(Ma)、禾缢管蚜(R. padi)(Rp)和玉米蚜(R. maidis)(Rm)等4种蚜虫进行传毒比较,以了解小麦黄矮病毒株系类型的变化。测定方法详见本刊1984年第6期。     

玉米缢管蚜有供养高梁上瓢虫的有益作用

引言麦二叉蚜Schizaphis graminum(Rondani)和玉米缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum maidis(Fitch)是美国高梁上是最普遍的蚜虫。麦二叉蚜对高梁常造成显著的经济损失。在营养生长阶段,玉米缢管蚜在高梁轮生体上虽常达到很高的密度,但很少造成经济损     

博落回提取物对3种麦蚜的生物活性

采用浸渍法测定了博落回提取物（MCE）对不同龄期麦长管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜、麦二叉蚜的生物活性。结果显示,博落回提取物对不同龄期3种麦蚜均有一定杀虫活性,对麦长管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜、麦二叉蚜4龄有翅若蚜48 h致死中浓度LC50?分别为8.185 1、5.313 5、2.682 4 g/L,有翅成蚜48 h LC50?分别为8.575 0、6.614 7、0.590 4 g/L,毒力大小均为：麦二叉蚜＞禾谷缢管蚜＞麦长管蚜,麦二叉蚜对博落回提取物最敏感。研究结果为进一步开展博落回对麦蚜活性组分的分离纯化奠定了基础。     

小麦拟黄叶病症状和介体蚜虫传毒的初步研究

小麦拟黄叶病(WYLV)是黄淮流域近年小麦上发生的一种新病毒病。经传毒试验结果初步明确症状和传毒介体蚜虫种类。叶片初发病上半部退缘发白;后变为全叶退缘黄化,叶鞘顶端同时略变褐色。以多种介体蚜虫传播。以麦二叉蚜和禾谷缢蚜传毒力最强,麦长管蚜次之,而麦无网蚜和玉米叶蚜仅有时轻微传播。     

雨量和田间湿度对水稻纹枯病发生和流行影响的初步观察

 1981年以来,我们对不同生育期中稻的水稻纹枯病的发生与流行的条件进行了系统观察,本文报道的就是对该病流行条件观察的结果。     

辣椒、番茄细菌性疮痂病及生理小种鉴定

 近3年,从北京、山西、内蒙、新疆和云南等地的辣椒和番茄病株上分离到19个菌株,经致病性测定和细菌学鉴定,确定这19个菌株为甘蓝黑腐黄单胞菌疮痂致病变种(Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria(Doidge) Dye,1978)。供试19个菌株在国内首次采用国际标准鉴别寄主进行了生理小种鉴定。其中,3个菌株为番茄小种1(XcvT race1),仅存在于北京地区,其它16个菌株均属于辣椒-番茄小种3(XcvPT race3),分布广,为我国优势小种。     

对细交链孢菌在培养基上抗多氧霉素B与异菌脲变异体的分离及其特性鉴定

 将多氧霉素B感性细交链孢菌置于含100μg/ml多氧霉素B的PDA平板上培养时,从长出的菌落边缘菌丝体中可分离到抗多氧霉素B的变异体,而将其异菌脲感性菌株接种在含100 μg/ml异菌脲的PDA平板上培养时,只有约半数供试菌株能稳定地分离出抗异菌脲变异体。在多氧霉素B存在下分离的抗多氧霉素B变异体对异菌脲的敏感性通常大于其母本菌株。相比之下,在异菌脲存在下分离的抗异菌脲变异体对多氧霉素B的敏感性没有发生明显变化。对多氧霉素B与异菌脲均为感性的野生型菌株不能在这2种药剂共存的PDA平板上生长,且其分生孢子对多氧霉素B与异菌脲分别呈感性集中型及抗感分散型分布。     

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ACTIVITY AND PERSISTENCE OF AMITROLE AND 2,4-D

Summary. One leaf of each of several tomato plants 5–6 weeks old maintained at 55, 70 or 85° F was dipped in 0.05 M amitrole or 0.005 M 2,4-D solution. The treated leaf was removed 1 week later. Scions taken from untreated plants were grafted to the treated plants at intervals up to 4 months after treatment.
Amitrole-treated plants maintained at 55° F were killed within 1 month but those at 70 and 85° F recovered.
Plants treated with 2,4-D showed typical symptoms when maintained at 70 and 85° F but no symptoms at 55° F. Scions grafted on plants maintained at 55, 70 and 85° F for 60 days after 2,4-D treatments exhibited typical symptoms. Grafts made more than 60 days following the 2,4-D application did not exhibit symptoms except a slight malformation on the plants held at 55° F.
New growth on the scions grafted up to 103 days after amitrole treatment on plants which had been maintained at 70 and 85° F exhibited typical amitrole symptoms (i.e. white foliage) but scions grafted after this lime did not. New shoots developing from buds on the treated plants also produced green growth 115 days after treatment but produced white foliage prior to that time.
Effet de la température sur l'activi'ité et la persistance de l'aminotriazole et du 2,4-D     

多菌灵、三环唑对大丽轮枝菌微菌核、黑色素形成及致病力的影响

 在离体和活体条件下测定了多菌灵、三环唑对大丽轮枝菌的微菌核黑色素形成的影响,以及经2种杀菌剂处理产生的形态变异菌株对棉苗的致病力。结果表明:多菌灵在培养基内含量超过0.1μg/ml时,即可抑制大丽轮枝菌微菌核的形成,随着培养基内多菌灵浓度的增加,微菌核形成时间逐渐延长,形成量逐渐减少;三环唑浓度为0.5μg/ml时,可抑制微菌核的黑色素形成,微菌核从黑色变为浅红至红褐色。三环唑对微菌核黑色素形成呈可逆抑制,变色的微菌核菌落移入不含药的培养基后,大多可恢复形成黑色素。培养基内三环唑浓度的提高,也可抑制大丽轮枝菌微菌核的形成;因2种杀菌剂的抑制而丧失形成微菌核的白色菌丝体移入不含药的培养基,微菌核形成能力也不能恢复。多菌灵和三环唑经棉株吸收后均能抑制植株内大丽轮枝菌微菌核的形成,但对微菌核色素的形成未见有明显影响。2种杀菌剂处理产生的形态变异菌株的致病力与野生型菌株致病力差异不显著。     

THE EFFECT OF DEPTH OF BURYING AND FREQUENCY OF CULTIVATION ON SURVIVAL AND GERMINATION OF SEEDS OF WILD OATS (AVENA FATUA L. AND AVENA LUDOVICIANA DUR.)

Summary. Seeds of Avena fatua and A. ludoviciana were sown at a depth of 15 cm or mixed into the top 5 cm of soil in small field-plots at Rothamsted and subjected to 5 different regimes of depth and frequency of cultivation for 3 years, after which all plots were dug to 15 cm in spring and autumn for a further 4 years. Seedlings were counted and no plants were allowed to produce seeds. After 7 years, soil-samples showed that very few intact seeds of A. fatua and none of A. ludoviciana remained, although less than 20% of the seeds sown had produced seedlings. Laboratory tests after 4 to 8 years'dry slorage showed seeds of both species to be viable. The maximum survival of viable seeds, estimated by seedling-emergence, was 61 months for A. fatua and 33 months for A. Indoviciana . Seeds of A. fatua survived slightly longer at 15 cm than in the top 5 cm of soil. Survival of A. ludoviciana was less affected by depth and cultivation, except that birds ate some shallow-sown spikelets in the first fortnight after sowing. A. fatua germinated in spring and autumn, and A. tudoviciana in winter, irrespective of age of seed and cultivation of soil. Frozen soil delayed emergence of A. ludoviciana seedlings lor varying periods between December and March. Seedlings of A. ludoviciana were slightly more winter-hardy than A. fatua . More seedlings of A. fatua appeared in the second spring than at any other time, but 80% of the seedlings of A. ludoviciana appeared in the first autumn and winter.
Effets de la profondeur d'enfouissement des graines et de la fréquence des façons culturalles sur la longévité et la germination des semences de Folle-Avoine (Avena fatua L. et A. ludoviciana Dur .)     

新疆叶尔羌河和喀什噶尔河流域的生态环境评价及治理对策研究

叶尔羌河和喀什噶尔河流域农业气候资源丰富,但气象灾害也较多;土地面积大,但土壤有机质含量低,次生盐渍化严重;河流径流量大,年际变化小,季节分配不平衡;天然草场面积大,等级低,天然林面积减少,个别地区有沙化倾向;人口多而素质差。对此应处理好维护生态平衡与发展生产的关系;依靠科学技术,以提高单产为主;制止继续破坏生态环境行为;营造人工林;扩大绿肥种植面积,提高地力;对少数民族也实行计划生育,以控制人口数量,提高人口素质。     

黄瓜花叶病毒运动蛋白基因及其缺失突变体在大肠杆菌中的表达和表达产物的纯化

 利用CMV Fny株系RNA3全长cDNA克隆,构建了运动蛋白(MP)基因5'端缺失突变体和3'端缺失突变体的原核表达载体。SDS-PAGE分析表明,经IPTG诱导,MP基因及其2种缺失突变体均能在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS中高效表达。利用分离包含体的方法,提纯了全长的及C端缺失的MP。光密度扫描分析表明,提纯产物的纯度达96.6%。     

THE INFLUENCE OF SIMAZINE ON SHOOT AND ROOT GROWTH OF APPLES AND PLUMS

Summary. In loamy soil with a low humus content (0·8% organic carbon) simazine at a concentration of 2'5 ppm reduced growth of shoots, roots and trunk diameter in 1-year-old scions of five apple varieties on M IX rootstock. The most susceptible was Cox's Orange Pippin; 5 ppm was lethal for this variety only. In experiments with vertically divided pots, where one part of the root system developed in soil with simazine (2–5 ppm and 5–0 ppm for apple and 5·0 ppm for plum) and the other part in simazine-free soil, there was less effect on shoot growth and less leaf damage than where all the soil contained simazine. Growth of that part of the root system in soil containing simazine was stimulated.