基于GIS的村级小麦玉米高产高效管理系统构建与验证

小农户是我国农业生产的主体,由此导致生产中存在产量和资源利用效率地块间变异大的问题。为了提高作物的产量和氮肥利用效率,实现小农户地块的精准管理,本文以GIS技术为平台,利用C#语言,建立村级小麦玉米高产高效管理系统,并通过田间对比试验和农户调研分别进行了系统效果的验证及其可行性评价。结果表明,该系统以农户地块为单元,通过信息查询、分析、作物管理决策、系统管理等功能模块,实现了村域每个农户地块的高产高效（氮肥高效）技术推荐。两年22个对比试验结果表明,与农民习惯相比,系统推荐的高产高效处理小麦季平均增产10.8%,氮肥偏生产力提高28.5%;玉米季平均增产10.3%,氮肥偏生产力增加16.9%,实现小麦玉米产量和氮肥利用效率的同步提高。农户调研结果表明,农户对推荐系统的认可程度较高,利用该系统进行技术推荐具有可行性;农户对小麦玉米的各项推荐技术认知度较高,但采用率差异较大,其中小麦优良品种采用率可达94%,但小麦精量播种技术的采用率只有29%,玉米增密技术和晚收技术的采用率仅仅2%和35%;受科技人员技术推荐影响较大的试验户和辐射户的认知率与采用率均高于普通农户,说明通过技术服务可以促进小麦玉米高产高效管理技术的应用。总之,本系统实现了小农户地块作物管理技术的辅助决策,具有显著增产增效作用,可以为村级实现大面积的作物高产高效提供支持。     

川中丘区玉米氮高效品种筛选及增产潜力分析

为探究高产氮高效玉米品种在减肥增效措施中的增产潜力,本研究通过对川中丘陵区近十年11个主推玉米品种在2个环境(简阳和中江)和3个氮水平[0(LN)、150(MN)和300 kg·hm^-2(HN)]下的田间产量及产量构成因子等进行方差和相关性分析,依据产量的基因型×氮互作效应对玉米品种进行氮效率分类,研究不同类型玉米的增产潜力以及与增产潜力有关的产量性状。结果表明,基因型、氮、环境及其互作显著影响玉米产量,基因型×氮互作显著影响穗粗和百粒重;11个试验玉米品种存在氮效率的基因型差异,包括双高效型、高氮高效型、耐低氮型和双低效型4种类型,其中双高效型和高氮高效型占总数的45.5%,其在HN和LN的增产潜力分别为6.74%~7.54%和9.88%~13.45%;高产氮高效品种(双高效型和高氮高效型)在2个试验点的节氮潜力差异较大,HN的节氮潜力可达19.18%以上;增产潜力与穗粗、百粒重等产量构成因子显著正相关;正红311、川单189和绵单1256在2个环境下均表现出高产氮高效品种特征。在川中丘陵区不同肥力的土壤上选择种植高产氮高效或耐低氮的玉米品种,通过合理施肥,可以达到增产/稳产和节氮增效的目的。本研究对川中丘陵区玉米高产氮高效品种的选育和推广应用具有重要理论意义。     

四川单季稻区主栽水稻品种的生长模拟

利用四川单季稻区7个农业气象观测站5个主栽品种的田间观测数据,结合当地栽培管理措施、土壤条件及逐日气象资料对ORYZA2000模型进行参数调试,并确定四川单季稻区5个主栽品种的作物参数值;利用4～5a各主栽品种的观测数据对单季稻生育期、叶面积指数、生物量和产量等指标的模拟结果进行验证和评价。结果表明,合系39营养生长期发育速率最大,而生殖生长期发育速率最小,Ⅱ优838营养生长期发育速率最小,而D优63和汕优2生殖生长期发育速率最大;模型对5个单季稻主栽品种的生育期模拟效果较好,各品种开花期与成熟期的相对模拟误差均在1～2d,归一化均方根误差（NRMSE）均小于1%;各品种产量的NRMSE在5.26%～10.01%,叶面积指数的NRMSE为10.37%～19.19%,地上部总生物量、茎生物量、绿叶生物量及穗生物量的NRMSE分别为13.17%～18.69%、14.31%～20.41%、18.95%～24.74%和20.85%～25.39%。由此可见,ORYZA2000模型能够较为准确地模拟四川单季稻区5个主栽品种的发育及产量形成过程,适应能力较强,可以应用于四川单季稻生产。     

Antioxidative activity of amino phospholipids and phospholipid/amino Acid mixtures in edible oils as determined by the Rancimat method

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysine (Lys), and mixtures of them were tested for antioxidative activity in refined olive oil by the Rancimat method to investigate the role of the chemical reactions produced in the Rancimat vessel on the induction periods (IPs) obtained. PE and Lys, but not PC, increased the IPs of the oil when tested alone. In addition, PE/Lys and PC/Lys mixtures, but not PC/PE mixtures, exhibited a synergistic effect. All these results can be understood considering the in situ formation of oxidized lipid/amino compound reaction products with antioxidative activities. Thus, the formation of pyrroles could be detected after derivatization with p-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde, and some of these compounds could be unambiguously identified by GC-MS after their conversion into volatile derivatives. In addition, the formed products contributed to the color developed, and a correlation was observed between the Rancimat IPs obtained and the yellowness index of the oxidized oils recovered from the Rancimat. Furthermore, the differences observed in the antioxidative activities of PE, PC, Lys, and their mixtures could be explained according to the lipophility and hydrophility of the oxidized lipid/amino compound reaction products formed. All these results suggest that chemical reactions are being produced in the Rancimat vessel and the Rancimat IPs obtained are a consequence of the antioxidative activities of the products formed in these reactions. Furthermore, Rancimat may be a valuable tool for testing antioxidative activities of antioxidants produced during food processing if favorable conditions for antioxidant formation are employed.     

四川单季稻区主栽水稻品种的生长模拟*4

利用四川单季稻区7个农业气象观测站5个主栽品种的田间观测数据,结合当地栽培管理措施、土壤条件及逐日气象资料对ORYZA2000模型进行参数调试,并确定四川单季稻区5个主栽品种的作物参数值;利用4～5a各主栽品种的观测数据对单季稻生育期、叶面积指数、生物量和产量等指标的模拟结果进行验证和评价。结果表明,合系39营养生长期发育速率最大,而生殖生长期发育速率最小,Ⅱ优838营养生长期发育速率最小,而D优63和汕优2生殖生长期发育速率最大;模型对5个单季稻主栽品种的生育期模拟效果较好,各品种开花期与成熟期的相对模拟误差均在1～2d,归一化均方根误差（NRMSE）均小于1%;各品种产量的NRMSE在5.26%～10.01%,叶面积指数的NRMSE为10.37%～19.19%,地上部总生物量、茎生物量、绿叶生物量及穗生物量的 NRMSE 分别为13.17%～18.69%、14.31%～20.41%、18.95%～24.74%和20.85%～25.39%。由此可见,ORYZA2000模型能够较为准确地模拟四川单季稻区5个主栽品种的发育及产量形成过程,适应能力较强,可以应用于四川单季稻生产。     

利用桥路由实现同网段多链路平衡传输的研究

对于公网IP缺口较大的办公区和居民楼新建了三层拓扑结构的局域网用以扩充用户IP,因中心路由器WAN口拥堵严重,遂对WAN口进行了扩展,由于无法对该路由器不同的以太网接口配置同一网段的公网IP,根据中心路由器可以在不同网段进行路由自动切换的原理,设置了桥路由器,变换出不同的网段,从而实现了在同一网段中进行多链路平衡传输的功能,进而克服了交换中心访问Internet的拥堵问题,实现了带宽资源的高效利用。     

Quantitation of tocotrienol and tocopherol in various rice brans

Rice bran is abundant in bioactive compounds including tocotrienol (T3, unsaturated vitamin E). T3 has been reported about its potential functionalities (i.e., antiangiogenic effect), so much attention has been paid on usability of rice bran T3. Hence, we developed a rapid screening method for T3-rich rice bran by one-step equilibrium direct solvent extraction followed by normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The method gave high-extraction rate of rice bran T3 and tocopherol (above 90%), and the determination of vitamin E by HPLC was completed within 15 min. Using the method, an average of total T3 content in 109 kinds of rice bran samples was 830 mug/g dry wt. Kouchi-Akamai, Joushuu, and Wataribune were found as the T3-rich rice bran varieties (1350-1430 microg T3/g dry wt). According to T3 ratio against total vitamin E (wt %), the average ratio was 61%. Hirayama, Moritawase, and Kaneko were found as the varieties having the highest T3 ratio (80-86%). Since T3 content in Koshihikari rice bran (the leading variety in Japan) was a little above the average, we cross-fertilized Koshihikari with T3-rich varieties and found that T3 content or ratio in F1 was improved compared with Koshihikari. The varieties found rich in T3 could be used for nutraceutical purpose.     

Trade-offs between on-farm varietal diversity and highly client-oriented breeding — a case study of upland rice in India

On-farm varietal diversity is now highest in marginal agricultural environments because, unlike the case in more favourable areas, modern varieties have not been a sufficiently attractive option for farmers to replace their landraces. However, the continued survival of landraces on farm is dependent on the continuing failure of plant breeding to provide better alternatives. Highly client-oriented breeding can produce suitable modern varieties for areas that were dominated by landraces. We examine here the case of the adoption of two upland rice varieties in three states in eastern India, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Orissa, where our surveys had confirmed low adoption of modern varieties in the upland ecosystem. The two new upland varieties were readily accepted by farmers who rapidly adopted them on large proportions of their land. On-farm diversity is maintained by the need to trade-off among varieties but once a variety with overall superiority was found this incentive was removed. The new varieties from the client-oriented breeding did not have weaknesses that farmers had to trade-off against their landraces so they were more likely to replace them. They also replaced older modern varieties. Farmers had previously maintained them along with landraces because they had to trade-off the higher yield of Kalinga III against the more stable yield of landraces or the higher yield of Vandana against the higher gain quality of the landraces. Only mean count per household could be used to test the significance of the differences between individual years. In all states, this revealed a significant reduction in landrace diversity with the adopting farmers when the addition of the two new varieties was not considered. Trends across years for mean varietal count, total count and Shannon–Wiener index showed a significant decline in Orissa, irrespective of whether the two new varieties were included in the analysis or not. In Jharkhand there was a significant decline only for mean count when the new varieties were not included. In Orissa, it was possible to test if rare landraces were as readily replaced as more common ones. Landrace replacement was unmitigated by increasing rarity yet the most rare landraces have the highest priority for genetic conservation. Some landraces were completely replaced by the farmers in the sample despite a diverse variety portfolio being a risk-reducing strategy in a region where there is a high risk of crop failure. There was little environmental heterogeneity in the marginal, drought-prone areas to slow this decline. The new varieties had an impact on the farming system because sometimes farmers brought additional upland into cultivation. They also introduced these varieties into more favourable, medium land. The strategy of releasing two new upland varieties met with some success in maintaining diversity.     

菜用豌豆品种资源萌发期耐旱性鉴定

为研究菜用豌豆种子萌发期的耐旱性,本试验以31份菜用豌豆品种资源为试验材料,通过2.5%PEG溶液模拟干旱胁迫处理萌发期豌豆种子,统计种子发芽势和发芽率,测定鲜重、干重、根长、芽长等指标,并采用相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析、灰色关联度分析及逐步回归分析等方法相结合,对31份菜用豌豆品种资源进行萌发期耐旱性鉴定及耐旱指标筛选。结果表明,2.5% PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫对菜用豌豆种质资源萌发期各测定指标均有极显著影响;根据综合抗旱系数值(CDC值)、耐旱性度量值(D值)、加权关联度(WDC值)大小对供试种质进行排序,其中耐旱性最强的4个品种依次为16110、16055、16140、16107;耐旱性最弱的3个品种依次为16106、16175、16177。通过聚类分析,在欧氏距离D²=8.5处将31份豌豆品种资源划分为4种类型:第Ⅰ类包括16054、16142等20个品种;第Ⅱ类包括16140、16079和16055 3个品种;第Ⅲ类包括16175、16104等6个品种;第Ⅳ类包括16110和16107 2个品种。逐步回归分析表明,与D值密切相关的指标为发芽指数、活力指数、发芽势、根长,这些可作为豌豆种质资源萌发期耐旱性鉴定综合选择指标。本试验结果为进一步研究菜用豌豆萌发期耐旱性机理及干旱调控缓解机制提供了理论参考,也为菜用豌豆耐旱品种选育及其推广应用奠定了基础。     

U.S. Carbon offset potential using biomass energy systems

A previous analysis had assumed that about 20% of 1990 U.S. C emissions could be avoided by the substitution of biomass energy technologies for fossil energy technologies at some point in the future. Short-rotation woody crop (SRWC) plantations were found to be the dedicated feedstock supply system (DFSS) offering the greatest C emission reduction potential. High efficiency biomass to electricity systems were found to be the conversion technology offering the greatest C emission reduction potential. This paper evaluates what would be required in terms of rate of technology implementation and time period to reach the 20% reduction goal. On the feedstock supply side, new plantings would have to installed at an average a rate of 1×10⁶ ha yr^?1 while average yields would have to increase by 1.5% annually over the 35-year period. Such yield increases have been observed for high value agricultural crops with large government research support. On the generation side, it requires immediate adoption of available technologies with a net efficiency of 33% or higher (such as the Whole Tree Energy^TMtechnology), installation of approximately 5000 MWe of new capacity each year, and rapid development and deployment of much higher efficiency technologies to result in an average of 42% efficiency by 2030. If these technology changes could be achieved at a linear rate, U.S. C emission reduction could progress at a rate of about 0.6 % yr^?1 over the next 35 years.     

不同马铃薯品种对Cd、Pb吸收累积的差异

采用田间试验法,以中南地区主要种植的11个马铃薯品种为研究对象,测定马铃薯植株各部位重金属Cd、Pb含量,探讨不同品种的马铃薯对Cd、Pb的吸收累积差异,为马铃薯的安全种植提供实践参考。结果表明:Cd—Pb复合污染下,马铃薯块茎鲜重、茎叶鲜重以及根、茎叶、块茎中Cd、Pb含量在品种间均表现出显著差异。11个马铃薯品种块茎Cd含量范围为0.39～0.67 mg/kg,超标率100%,块茎Pb含量为0.16～0.43 mg/kg,超标率81.8%。马铃薯各部位Cd、Pb含量均呈现根茎叶块茎的分布特点;马铃薯对Cd的富集系数为2.35～5.56,对Pb富集系数为0.11～0.22,马铃薯富集转运Cd的能力大于Pb。尽管复合重金属靶标危险系数(TTHQ)法评价显示,金湘等5种马铃薯的TTHQ值1,对人体健康风险较小,但结合块茎Cd、Pb含量,建议污染区种植的马铃薯作为工业原料使用更安全。     

Evaluation of allelopathic potential and quantification of momilactone A,B from rice hull extracts and assessment of inhibitory bioactivity on paddy field weeds

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) hull extracts were used in a bioassay to evaluate the allelopathic potential of rice on the germination and growth of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli P. Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi), to quantify momilactone A and B levels in rice hull germplasm and to assess the inhibitory bioactivity of momilactone A and B as a potential natural source of herbicide for weed control in paddy fields. Four varieties of weeds including E. crus-galli P. Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi, Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea, Scirpus juncoides, and Eleocharis kuroguwai were tested in the paddy field. Of 99 rice varieties, the top five including Noindari exhibited inhibition effects greater than 50% in average inhibition of dry weight (AIDW). Noindari among them exerted the strongest effect (55.6%). The next five in the ranking exhibited inhibition effects of greater than 40%. Also, 46 varieties had inhibition effects between 20 and 40%, and 29 varieties had inhibition effects greater than 10%. Fourteen varieties had very low inhibitory effects (less than 10%), the lowest of which was Heunbe (4.7%). These varieties showed a mean inhibition of 19.8% for germination rate (GR), 9.9% for germination percentage (GP), 16.6% for leaf dry weight (LDW), 38.9% for straw dry weight (SDW), and 26.8% for root dry weight (RDW). Rice varieties were classified into six categories based on their total momilactones (TMs) (momilactone A + momilactone B). The highest level of momilactone A was found in the Baekna rice variety (34.7 microg g(-1)), and Baekgwangok contained the highest level of momilactone B (37.8 microg g(-1)). In allelopathic potential with genetic properties and morphological characteristics, the total inhibition rate (TIR) was 18.3% for Korean rice varieties, 19.0% for middle maturing varieties, 17.8% for colorless hull varieties, 18.3% for awn varieties, and 19.0% for colorless awn varieties. In addition, Korean varieties showed higher TMs (4.5 microg g(-1)) as compared with varieties that were late maturing (4.4 microg g(-1)), had colorless hulls (4.1 microg g(-1)), awns (4.7 microg g(-1)), and colorless awns (4.8 microg g(-1)). Momilactone A levels were generally higher than momilactone B levels. Total inhibition rates on barnyard grass correlated with average inhibitions of germination (AIG) (r2 = 0.62***), AIDW (r2 = 0.92***), and were affected by the inhibition rate of GP (r2 = 0.57***). Regions of origin for rice varieties correlated with the AIG (r2 = -0.23***), and maturing time showed a positive correlation with SDW (r2 = 0.15**) and RDW (r2 = 0.19**). Levels of momilactones were also correlated with the region of origin (r2 = -0.32***), maturing time (r2 = 0.13***), and awns (momilactone A, r2 = 0.23***; momilactone B, r2 = 0.14**), suggesting that rice varieties with awns, Korean varieties, and varieties with later maturing times contain higher levels of momilactone. Also, the investigation of the momilactone A and B bioactivity (0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 g a.i./ha) for weed control in paddy fields indicated that momilactones A and B exhibited no toxicity (0 in all concentrations) against rice plants, and the inhibitory bioactivity on weeds with momilactone A was higher than that of momilactone B. When compared with no momilactone control, the highest inhibitory effect (50%) on E. crus-galli P. Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi was shown on the 14th day after the application of momiactone A. The inhibitory effect increased with the concentration of the compound from 250 to 4000 g a.i./ha. Furthermore, momilactone A showed greater suppression than momliactone B toward toward E. crus-galli P. Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi, M. vaginalis var. plantaginea, S. juncoides, and E. kuroguwai. In broad weed species, momilactone A showed the highest inhibitory effect (90% in 4000 g a.i./ha) on S. juncoides, 14 days after the application as compared with no momilactone control. Further studies on allelopathic effects and momilactones from the germplasm of rice varieties using genetic properties and morphological characteristics may facilitate the development of rice varieties with higher allelopathic potential. Momilactones A and B present in rice hulls may serve as a potential natural herbicide source for weed control in paddy fields reducing the dependence on synthetic herbicides.     

两种不同矮蔓型西葫芦冠层光合特性的差异分析

在日光温室自然光照下,对2个半矮蔓和2个矮蔓西葫芦品种的光合速率与光合参数的变化及光响应进行了研究。结果表明,西葫芦净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的日变化皆呈单峰曲线,水分利用率(WUE)变化呈双峰曲线,其中半矮蔓品种不同生育期的Pn、午后Tr及WUE都高于矮蔓品种。不同矮蔓型西葫芦冠层的光合速率的差异可以用光合叶位差(PDLP)和光合时间差(PDDT)来表示,半矮蔓品种的PDLP和PDDT显著低于矮蔓品种(苗期除外),表明半矮蔓品种耐强光,植株碳同化能力强于矮蔓品种;结瓜期半矮蔓品种午后强光下叶温低于矮蔓品种,是其Pn较高的原因之一。半矮蔓品种C3的光饱和点为1265.0μmol·m-2·s-1,补偿点为30.4μmol·m-2·s-1,最大光合速率为31.4μmol·m-2·s-1,表观量子效率(AQY)为0.0524mol·mol-1,矮蔓品种D4的光饱和点为1162.5μmol·m-2·s-1,补偿点为44.8μmol·m-2·s-1,最大光合速率为25.6μmol·m-2·s-1,表观量子效率为(AQY)0.0457mol·mol-1。与矮蔓品种相比,半矮蔓品种冠层耐强光和弱光的能力强。     

Authentication of the botanical origin of honey by front-face fluorescence spectroscopy. A preliminary study

The potential of front-face fluorescence spectroscopy for the authentication of unifloral and polyfloral honey types (n = 57 samples) previously classified using traditional methods such as chemical, pollen, and sensory analysis was evaluated. Emission spectra were recorded between 280 and 480 nm (excit: 250 nm), 305 and 500 nm (excit: 290 nm), and 380 and 600 nm (excit: 373 nm) directly on honey samples. In addition, excitation spectra (290-440 nm) were recorded with the emission measured at 450 nm. A total of four different spectral data sets were considered for data analysis. After normalization of the spectra, chemometric evaluation of the spectral data was carried out using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The rate of correct classification ranged from 36% to 100% by using single spectral data sets (250, 290, 373, 450 nm) and from 73% to 100% by combining these four data sets. For alpine polyfloral honey and the unifloral varieties investigated (acacia, alpine rose, honeydew, chestnut, and rape), correct classification ranged from 96% to 100%. This preliminary study indicates that front-face fluorescence spectroscopy is a promising technique for the authentication of the botanical origin of honey. It is nondestructive, rapid, easy to use, and inexpensive. The use of additional excitation wavelengths between 320 and 440 nm could increase the correct classification of the less characteristic fluorescent varieties.     

不同播期对胡麻生长发育及产量的影响

白银市胡麻生产现已基本实现良种普及,但与之相配套的高产栽培技术试验及推广相对滞后。为了充分挖掘胡麻新品种的增产潜力,以白银市当前主栽胡麻品种陇亚10号、定亚24号、陇亚13号为试材,研究了不同播期对胡麻生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,播期对胡麻生长发育影响显著,生育期随着播期的延后而缩短,生育进程则加快,播期每推迟7 d,生育期则缩短3～4 d。播期延后对胡麻出苗率、株高、单株分茎数、主茎分枝数、单株果数、单株粒重等主要农艺性状影响较大,且均呈现先增后减的趋势,而对蒴果大小、千粒重影响则不显著。不同播期处理对胡麻品种的折合产量影响显著,陇亚10号、定亚24号、陇亚13号的折合产量均以3月24日播期处理最高,分别为2 493.3、2 533.3、2 433.3 kg/hm2。综合考虑认为,陇亚10号最适播期为3月24 — 31日,陇亚13号最适播期为3月17 — 24日,定亚24号最适播期为3月24日。     

播期对川西平原直播稻光合特性和产量的影响

为合理搭配川西平原稻田两熟区直播稻品种和播期,通过中早熟、中熟、中迟熟3个杂交稻分期播种试验,研究各品种水稻光合特性、产量及其构成因素的差异。结果表明,3种籼稻的净光合速率(Pn)随着播期推迟总体均呈下降趋势;播期推迟显著降低了中熟和中迟熟品种的有效穗数和结实率,导致产量显著下降(P<0.05);播期过早或过迟均不利于中早熟品种产量性状的协调发展。中熟和中迟熟品种产量受播期影响较大,而中早熟品种大部分播期内差异不显著;3个品种产量降幅分别为11.8%、33.0%、45.4%。综上,为保障川西平原直播稻产量,3种类型籼稻适宜播期应在4月5日-26日间。中早熟品种内5优玉香1号可适当推迟播期,适合作为当地麦-稻或油-稻两熟制直播稻品种推广应用。本研究为川西平原稻田两熟区直播稻适宜播期和品种选用提供了参考依据。     

东北地区农业及环境对气候变化的响应与应对措施

气候变化在东北地区对农业生产和生态环境产生了重要影响。本文总结了东北地区农业生产和生态环境对气候变化的响应, 并从调整农业种植结构、采用农业节水技术措施、实施保护性耕作、采取水土保持措施、加强生态?经济型防护林体系建设等方面分析东北地区对气候变化所采取的应对措施及应对效果。在此基础上, 分析了未来气候变化可能对东北地区农业生产和生态环境造成的影响, 并针对这两个重点领域从调整农业结构和种植制度、选育抗逆性强的品种、调整农业生产管理措施、加强水资源管理、加强生态建设、发展生态经济、综合调控水源和完善监测机制等方面提出了未来应对气候变化的建议。     

Phytosterol composition of hybrid Hibiscus seed oils

The seed oils from fifteen hybrid Hibiscus varieties were analyzed for desmethyl sterol content to identify bioactive compounds that could promote the use of these oils for edible applications. Hibiscusis being developed as a new crop with edible and nutraceutical applications for the component tissues and tissue extracts. Previously, hybrid varieties were developed for ornamental purposes on the basis of flower morphology and color. Currently, the effects of selective breeding on seed oil components are of interest as these represent potential natural products with bioactive properties. In the present study, sterol structures were identified as the corresponding trimethyl silyl ether derivatives obtained from the unsaponifiable fraction of the seed oils. This material contained an average of 32 wt % sterols and exhibited a relative composition of sitosterol, 76.3%; campesterol, 10.3%; stigmasterol, 7.3%; 5-avenasterol, 4.4%; and cholesterol, 0.6%. The content of 5-avenasterol showed statistically significant variation among the hybrid varieties with a range of 1.2-5.8%.     

六倍体小黑麦萌发期抗旱性分析

利用20%PEG-6000(-0.975 MPa)为渗透介质室内模拟干旱,分析六倍体小黑麦萌发期发芽率、发芽势、胚芽鞘长、根长、根数的变化,采用模糊隶属函数与抗旱系数相结合的方法对品种萌发期的抗旱性进行综合分析,并利用灰色关联分析法分析各个形态指标与抗旱性的关系,结果表明:干旱胁迫下,小黑麦各品种的发芽率、发芽势、胚芽鞘长、根长都比对照不同程度地降低或缩短,不同品种之间的差异达显著或极显著水平,但根数却增减不一,表明根数对水分胁迫的反应方向不一致;品种"Tornado"(S9)萌发期综合抗旱性强,为小麦抗旱育种提供了种质资源;发芽率与六倍体小黑麦萌发期抗旱性的关联度最大,可作为形态指标加以利用。     

基于高光谱图像处理的大豆品种识别(英文)

大豆组分(油,蛋白质,脂肪等)在不同的大豆品种间差异很大。对于提高大豆品质来说,大豆品种识别是一个关键因素。该文利用高光谱图像技术对不同的大豆品种进行识别。利用高光谱成像系统获取大豆样本1 000～2 500 nm范围的光谱反射数据;应用主成分分析法(PCA,principal component analysis)对获取到的光谱数据进行数据降维并去除冗余数据;在分类算法中将得分高的主成分值作为输入特征,通过PCA方法从每个特征图像中提取4个特征变量(能量、熵、惯性矩和相关性);对于具体特征提取,从16个特征变量中提取8个重要特征参数;根据选择的特征,应用神经网络方法构建分类器;训练精度精度达到97.50%,平均测试精度达到93.88%以上。结果表明,应用高光谱图像技术结合神将网络建模方法可以对大豆品种进行分类。