The introduction ofCornus stolonifera and its propagation techniques

Cornus stolonifera is a ornamental tree species which was introdced to China in 1982. During the period of ten-year experiment a complete and systematic study on its botanical features, biological charcteristics, growth rhythm and propagation techniques was carried out on basis of the comparison withthe native speciesCorrns alba. The research results showedthatCornus stolonifera has many advantages overCornus alba in those such as fast growing, cold endurance, drought resistance, easy propagation.disease and pest-resistance, beautiful tree form, bright colour branches, long florescence, persistant fruits and integrate visual effects. Practice has proved that it is reslly a fine species for tree-planting. Not only does it have the function of water conservation, but also its branches can be used as a fine weaving material. Up to the present, about ten thousand plant stocks have been planted by more than 30 units in 11 cities of 6 provinces and it has been well recieved by people.     

4种城市园林绿化灌木嫩枝扦插繁殖技术试验

以城市园林绿化树种芽红红瑞木(Cornus stolonifera Cardinal)、紫叶风箱果(Physocarpus opulifolius Diablolo)、金雨点金露梅(Potentilla fruiticosa Golddrop)、蓝叶忍冬(Lonicera korolkowii Srapf)为试材进行嫩...     

初冬园林树木养分含量变化特征

通过分析初冬园林树木枝条内养分含量变化和落叶内营养元素含量差异,为指导园林树木越冬养护实践和景观设计中科学选择树木种类提供理论依据。选择大庆市小游园5种园林树种,测定枝条养分和落叶养分含量。结果表明:10月26日至11月16日间,丁香枝条氮、磷含量分别降低了68.28%、35.61%;偃伏莱木枝条氮、钾含量分别降低了25.93%、37.40%;垂枝榆枝条氮、磷、钾含量变化表现为先升高后降低,11月较10月降低了24.08%、19.78%、9.32%;榆树枝条磷、钾含量表现为一直升高的变化,升高幅度分别为21.78%、123.86%;落叶中垂枝榆氮含量为1.88%,榆树磷含量为1.60%,榆叶梅钾含量为1.88%。初冬园林树木枝条内养分含量逐渐降低,落叶平衡补充了土壤营养元素。     

Water relations of several hardwood species in response to throughfall manipulation in an upland oak forest during a wet year

We investigated the effects of altered precipitation on leaf osmotic potential at full turgor (Psi(pio)) of several species in an upland oak forest during the 1994 growing season as part of a Throughfall Displacement Experiment at the Walker Branch Watershed near Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The main species sampled included overstory chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.), white oak (Q. alba L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.); intermediates sugar maple (A. saccharum L.) and blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.); and understory dogwood (Cornus florida L.) and red maple. The precipitation treatments were: ambient precipitation; ambient minus 33% of throughfall (dry); and ambient plus 33% of throughfall (wet). Except in late September, midday leaf water potentials (Psi(l)) were generally high in all species in all treatments, ranging from -0.31 to -1.34 MPa for C. florida, -0.58 to -1.51 MPa for A. rubrum, and -0.78 to -1.86 MPa for Q. prinus. Both treatment and species differences in Psi(pio) were evident, with oak species generally exhibiting lower Psi(pio) than A. saccharum, A. rubrum, C. florida, and N. sylvatica. The Psi(pio) of C. florida saplings declined in the dry treatment, and Q. prinus, Q. alba, and A. saccharum all exhibited a declining trend of Psi(pio) in the dry treatment, although Psi(pio) of Q. prinus leaves increased in late August, corresponding to a recovery in soil water potential. Cornus florida exhibited osmotic adjustment with the largest adjustment coinciding with the period of lowest soil water potential in June. The only other species to exhibit osmotic adjustment was Q. prinus, which also maintained a lower baseline Psi(pio) than the other species. We conclude that a 33% reduction of throughfall is sufficient both to alter the water relations of some species in the upland oak forest and to enable the identification of those species capable of osmotic adjustment to a short-term drought during a wet year.     

不同处理方式对新疆杨硬枝扦插效果的影响

以新疆杨1年生枝条为扦插材料,通过使用50、100、200mg L~(-1)等3种浓度的ABT1号生根粉浸泡24h后进行露地和覆盖地膜扦插试验,研究不同处理及扦插方式对新疆杨硬枝扦插效果的影响,结果表明:在不同浓度ABT1号生根粉药剂处理和不同扦插环境条件下,新疆杨的苗高、地径、成活率以及根系生长发育不同,ABT1号生根粉处理的扦插效果优于清水浸泡后的扦插苗,且随着ABT1号浓度的增加,扦插效果越好;覆膜效果好于露地扦插。以覆盖地膜、200mg L~(-1) ABT1号处理的组合扦插效果最佳。     

干旱胁迫与彩色树生长状况关系研究

以金叶榆、金枝梾木和俄罗斯红叶李3种彩色树2a生苗木为试材,测定了不同程度干旱胁迫下净光合速率、蒸腾速率、细胞膜透性、叶片含水量以及高生长等指标,分析了3种彩色树的抗旱性。结果表明:在轻度干旱胁迫条件下,金叶榆和金枝梾木受到的影响小于俄罗斯红叶李;重度干旱条件下,金叶榆表现出较强的抗旱性,而金枝梾木和俄罗斯红叶李受到的影响较大。3种彩色树的抗旱性强弱排序为:金叶榆金枝梾木俄罗斯红叶李。     

江西省梾木属种质资源及开发利用

江西省木属有小梾木、梾木、毛梾、灯台树、红瑞木、光皮树6种。本文概述其特征、分布、利用现状,并提出开发利用建议。     

哈尔滨市绿化树种生态功能研究（2）

文章以哈尔滨市49种主要绿化树种为研究点,从杀菌能力、滞尘能力、吸收SO2等方面研究了它们的生态功能,通过研究,得出了在杀菌能力、单位叶面积滞尘量和吸收SO2能力三方面分别排名为前5位的乔水树种和灌木树种。     

Foliar temperature-respiration response functions for broad-leaved tree species in the southern Appalachians

We measured leaf respiration in 18 eastern deciduous forest tree species to determine if there were differences in temperature-respiration response functions among species or among canopy positions. Leaf respiration rates were measured in situ and on detached branches for Acer pensylvanicum L., A. rubrum L., Betula spp. (B. alleghaniensis Britt. and B. lenta L.), Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet, Cornus florida L., Fraxinus spp. (primarily F. americana L.), Liriodendron tulipifera L., Magnolia fraseri Walt., Nyssa sylvatica Marsh., Oxydendrum arboreum L., Platanus occidentalis L., Quercus alba L., Q. coccinea Muenchh., Q. prinus L., Q. rubra L., Rhododendron maximum L., Robinia psuedoacacia L., and Tilia americana L. in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. Dark respiration was measured on fully expanded leaves at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees C with an infrared gas analyzer equipped with a temperature-controlled cuvette. Temperature-respiration response functions were fit for each leaf. There were significant differences in response functions among species and by canopy position within species. These differences were observed when respiration was expressed on a mass, nitrogen, or area basis. Cumulative nighttime leaf respiration was calculated and averaged over ten randomly selected nights for each leaf. Differences in mean cumulative nighttime respiration were statistically significant among canopy positions and species. We conclude that effects of canopy position and species on temperature-respiration response functions may need to be considered when making estimates of whole-tree or canopy respiration.     

The complete chloroplast genomic landscape and phylogenetic analyses of Populus alba L.

Populus alba is a foundation species in evolutionary and ecological studies in the northern hemisphere.In this study, the chloroplast genome and gene map of P.alba were constructed. The P. alba chloroplast genome is156,505 bp in length comprising a large single-copy region, two inverted repeat regions and a small single-copy region. The genome contains 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes(77 PCG species), eight ribosomal RNA genes(four r RNA species) and 37 transfer RNA genes(30 t RNA species). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that all Populus chloroplast genome sequences are clustered together and divided into three large branches.Among reported Populus chloroplast genomes, the leuce section formed monophyletic, indicating that all Populus spp. have a common maternal ancestor. P. rotundifolia and P. tremula are closely related and are sisters to P.davidiana. P. alba is closely related to P. adenopoda.Population genetic research in ecology and evolution may be easily developed through chloroplast genomes as they are conserved. This research will benefit future studies related to Populus, one of the world's most ecologically and economically important genera.     

嫁接在杨树远缘杂交育种上的应用研究

为了在吉林省西部地区选育出耐盐碱性强,又能无性扦插育苗进行快速繁殖的杨树新品种,选用了白杨派的银新杨作母本与青杨派的小叶杨为父本进行远缘杂交育种,但两派之间杂交不亲和。为解决这一问题,进行了先嫁接再杂交的育种方法。试验表明,此方法在一定程度上提高了远缘杂交的结实率,而且杂种苗具有明显的父母本双亲的性状,为杨树新品种培育开辟了新的途径。     

红瑞木光合特性研究

应用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统对红瑞木光合作用的日变化规律进行研究,利用SPSS统计分析软件,采用相关分析及多元逐步回归分析得出红瑞木春季、夏季、秋季净光合速率与生理生态因子间的关系。结果表明:春季光合速率呈单峰曲线,影响光合速率的主要因子为气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和温度;夏季光合速率呈单峰曲线,在16:30左右又出现一个小高峰,影响光合速率的主要因子为蒸腾速率、光合有效辐射和温度;秋季净光合速率呈双峰曲线,影响光合速率的主要因子为光合有效辐射、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度和大气水气压亏缺;夏季净光合速率最大。     

榉树扦插繁殖试验

为了保护珍稀濒危树种榉树，对榉树扦插繁殖进行了研究，结果表明榉树扦插季节以早春扦插比秋插好；枝条宜粗壮饱满，以径粗大于1.2cm的枝条为佳；插前宜用激素处理，其中以浓度为100mg/L的ABT1号处理效果最佳.     

城市园林绿化树种嫩枝扦插繁殖技术

以紫叶小檗等11种城市绿化树种为试材,对其插穗用不同生根剂处理,并调查其生根率。结果表明：1）粉花溲疏、火焰柳、芽红红瑞木扦插繁殖时,用1 000 mg/kg吲哚丁酸（IBA）对插穗进行浸蘸处理,生根率较高;2）用IBA对插穗进行浸蘸处理,在药剂浓度0 mg/kg-1 000 mg/kg范围内,插穗生根率随浓度增大而升高,大于1 000 mg/kg时,插穗则出现药害,生根率下降。     

冀北山区主要野生花卉繁育技术

在冀北山区主要野生花卉中,选择3种对繁育条件和技术要求相对较严格的花卉,对其繁育技术进行介绍。在有性繁殖方法中,以属于强迫休眠种子的稠李为例,介绍其播种繁殖技术;在无性繁殖方法中,选择红瑞木介绍其硬枝扦插技术;选择金花忍冬介绍其嫩枝扦插技术。     

Seasonal changes in carbohydrate storage and regrowth in rhizomes and stems of four boreal forest shrubs: Applications in picea glauca understorey regeneration

Understorey scarification methods are used to enhance regeneration of Picea glauca; however, understorey shrubs have been identified as major competitors for regenerating tree species. To investigate the resprouting potential of rhizomes of four boreal forest shrub species in the understorey, rhizome segments (30, 15, and 10 cm in length) of Corylus cornuta, Cornus stolonifera, Rosa acicularis, and Viburnum edule were planted in five boreal mixed‐wood sites in northern Alberta at four times during the 1994 growing season. Sugar and starch concentrations in rhizome and stem pieces of these shrubs and Epilobium angustifolium were determined for each date. The segments and their regrowth were excavated in the autumn of 1995. Rhizome length had no effect on regrowth but there was a marked increase in regrowth for segments planted late in the growing season. The cryptophyte, E. angustifoUum, accumulated large amounts of carbohydrates during the growing season, i.e. 28% of dry weight compared with 6–14% of dry weight for the phanerophytic shrubs. All four shrubs had lowest regrowth when total non‐structural carbohydrate concentrations were at their lowest levels.     

生物技术在竹类植物上的应用进展与前景

当前生物技术在竹子上的应用主要可归纳为竹子快繁、组织与细胞培养、开花人工诱导和遗传改良四个方面。竹子快繁技术集中于丛生竹幼枝的离体培养，已有4个竹种在生产上应用；组织与细胞培养在60多个竹种上获得成功；开花人工诱导对难开花的竹子来说是杂交育种和开花生理生化研究的理想研究系统，在10个竹种中诱导成功；运用生物技术进行竹子遗传改良尚待深入研究。生物技术在竹子上应用的重点应该是珍稀竹种或优良无性系快繁、生理和生化研究、竹子遗传改良。     

Evaluation of cold resistance of ornamental species for planting as urban rooftop greening

Rooftop gardening or green roof establishment, one of the methods of afforestation for urban greening, has many benefits for the environment, the economy and urban landscapes. Various environmental stresses including heat, strong wind, sunshine and cold prevent most plants from growing well in extensive green roof systems. For the establishment of urban rooftop gardening in Beijing, we evaluated 13 ornamental plant species [Berberis thunbergii ‘Atropurea Nana’, Euonymus fortune (Turcz.) Hand., Viburnum dilatatum Thunb., Cotinus coggygria Scop., Swida alba Opiz., Weigela florida (Bunge.) A. DC., Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl., Euonymus japonicus Thunb., Euonymus japonicus ‘Cuzhi’, Buddleja davidii Franch., Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) Li., Ligustrum lucidum Ait. and Spiraea salicifolia L.] for greening of flat rooftops. We obtained three indices concerning cold resistance, i.e., electrical conductivity of leaves, amounts of soluble sugars and amounts of free proline, providing a theoretical basis for selection of plants fit for roof and balcony greening. The results show that the six species P. fortuneana (Maxim.) Li., B. thunbergii ‘Atropurea Nana’, J. nudiflorum Lindl., E. fortune (Turcz.) Hand., E. japonicus Thunb. and E. japonicus ‘Cuzhi’ are excellent plants for rooftop gardening, judging from their strong ability in cold resistance. Plants such as L. lucidum Ait., C. coggygria Scop. and W. florida (Bunge) A. DC. showed a medium ability in cold resistance. However, these species can be used in roof and balcony greening after intensive management or acclimatization of variety. The ability to resist cold of plants such as W. florida (Bunge) A. DC., S. salicifolia L., V. rhytidophyllum and S. alba Opiz. (Cornus alba L.) was found to be rather weak. Therefore, cold-proof measures are recommended when using these species.     

濮阳野生观赏型乔木引种驯化试验(续)

继2006年第三期对河南濮阳野生乔木山桐子、粗糠树、灯台树等13个树种引种驯化的研究成果介绍之后,再对秦岭槭、朵椒、铜钱树等10个树种在观赏性状、生态习性、繁育、应用等方面取得的进展进行阐述。       

榉树的硬枝扦插试验

为了保护珍稀濒危树种榉树,对榉树的硬枝扦插繁殖进行了研究。结果表明:榉树的硬枝扦插,枝条插前宜用生长激素处理,以ABT 1号为佳,处理浓度为200 mg/L,浸泡时间以4.5 h为佳。枝条应尽量选择强壮饱满的,以径粗大于1.2 cm的枝条为佳。