赐美健在1～42日龄蛋鸡中的使用效果

赐美健在１～４２日龄蛋鸡中的使用效果北京欣谊畜牧有限公司唐式法，刘春海北京市东沙鸡场毕义辉本试验旨在研究赐美键对１～４２日龄蛋雏鸡中的使用效果。试验是于１９９３年７～８月在东沙鸡场进行的。１．材料与方法试验选用“京白９０４”蛋雏鸡（１日龄）２４４００...     

饲用抗生素对肉用仔鸡促生长作用的研究

选用爱维因肉鸡９６０只，分为８组，第１组为对照组，不添加任何抗生素，第２组至第８组为试验组，添加抗生素的种类分别为杆菌肽锌、速大肥、金霉素、喹乙醇、泰乐菌素、洛克沙生、北里霉素。试验期４２天，分二阶段（１～２１日龄、２２～４２日龄），通过研究抗生素对肉鸡生长性能的影响来筛选肉鸡用最佳抗生素种类。结果表明：在１～２１日龄使用抗生素对肉鸡的促生长作用优于２２～４２日龄，且速大肥和喹乙醇的促生长作用优于其它组，分别提高肉鸡的日增量５．５３％、４．９８％，降低料肉比均为１．７６％。     

挑战仔猪早期断奶(下篇)

４、早期断奶仔猪的营养管理４．１早期断奶和分阶段饲喂体系进入８０年代末,养猪业已趋向于仔猪早期断奶和“全进全出”制生产体系。早期断奶仔猪表现为采食量和增重下降,严重腹泻,死亡率增加。为了克服断奶后生长停滞现象,采用高营养浓度日粮（ＨＮＤＤ）和三阶段饲喂体系,即第一阶段从出生到２１日龄（体重约达７ｋｇ）,第二阶段体重在７～１２ｋｇ（约在２２～４２日龄）,第三阶段体重在１２～２３ｋｇ（约在４３～７０日龄）。各阶段的营养水平及原料选用见表１。三阶段饲喂体系适合应用于规模化养猪场,如果仔猪在４周龄以后才…     

黄芪多糖和香菇多糖对vMDV感染雏鸡淋巴细胞化学发光的影响

１日龄雏鸡人工感染ｖＭＤＶ，并注射黄芪多糖（ＡＰＳ）和香菇多糖（Ｌｅｎ），分别于７、１６、２８、４２和５６日龄检测雏鸡淋巴细胞化学发光（ＣＬ）的变化。结果表明：（１）ＡＰＳ对７、１４日龄ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊淋巴细胞的ＣＬ有显著抑制作用（ｐ〈０．０５，ｐ〈０．０１），在２８、４２日龄则显著增强淋巴细胞ＣＬ（ｐ〈０．０５，ｐ〈０．０１）；（２）Ｌｅｎ对７、１４日龄ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡胸腺、脾     

日粮铁缺乏对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能影响的研究

１日龄艾维菌肉仔鸡１００只,随机分为２组,每组设有重复,自由采食以玉米、淀粉、葡萄糖和大豆分离蛋白为主日粮,日粮中分别添加０（铁缺乏组）和１１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ铁（对照组）,饮用去离子水,分别于１和１４日龄皮下接种ＨＶＴ冻干苗、７和１４日龄滴鼻接种Ｌａｓｏｔａ系冻干苗。试验结果表明,日粮铁缺乏组与对照组相比,２１及４２日龄体重降低,０～４２日龄料耗增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）;１４、２１及４２日龄胸腺和法氏囊不同程度萎缩（Ｐ＜０．０５）;４２日龄脾脏萎缩（Ｐ＜０．０５）;４２日龄血液分离淋巴细胞ＡＮＡＥ＋％显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;２１及４２日龄Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞对丝裂原的反应性和１４、２１、２８、３５、４２、４９日龄血清ＮＤＶ、ＭＤＶ抗体ＥＬＩＳＡ效价显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。可见,铁营养状况显著影响机体免疫机能。     

间歇光照对肉仔鸡生产性能和氮存留的影响

选用４００只７日龄艾维茵雏鸡（公母各半），随机分为２组（公母分饲，垫料平养），按２～４周龄，５～６周龄，７周龄３个生长阶段，分别比较间歇光照制度和连续光照制度对肉仔鸡生产性能、腹脂和先利用效率的影响。试验重复一次，结果表明，间歇光照（ＩＬ）能显著降低２８日龄前肉仔鸡体增重和来食量，但随后出现补偿生长，到４２日龄时，公鸡的生长速度能得到完全补偿，获得与连续光照（ＣＬ）相似的体重，而母鸡体重仍低于相应的ＣＬ组。母鸡受到的前期生长抑制要到４９日龄时才能得到完全补偿。ＩＬ虽然降低了全期采食量，但却改进了饲料报酬。ＩＬ极显著地降低了２８日龄腹胀率，显著降低了４２日龄和４９日龄腹胀率。氮平衡试验表明，ＩＬ可提高干物质消化率和氮利用效率。     

仔猪21日龄与28日龄断乳的研究

采用“同窝分组”法，在相同饲养条件下对１０窝１１０头仔猪进行了２１日龄断乳（１组）和２８日龄断乳（Ⅱ组）对比试验，测其各阶段发育，饲料利用率及效益，其结果：Ｉ组仔猪断乳后一周（２８日龄）体重（５．８５千克）和日增重（１７６克），分别比Ⅱ组低２２％和９２％，未增重者占１６．６％，减重者占３６．６％。Ⅱ组仔猪断乳后一周（３５日龄）未增和减重者各占６．７％。４２日龄时两组体重已很接近（Ｐ＞０．０５）。仔猪２１—４２日龄期间各用采食量：Ｉ组分别为０．７６、２．１５和３．７２千克，Ⅱ组分别为０．３２、１．２０和３．１９千克，仔猪在断乳后第２、３周来食量Ⅰ组明显高于Ⅱ组，表明Ⅰ组已进入生长补偿期。４２日．龄左右两组仔猪体重和采食量已无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。７—６０日龄采食量，Ｉ、Ⅱ组分别为２３．６和２２．２千克（Ｐ＞０．０５）。饲料转化比分别为１．３３和１．１９（Ｐ＞０．０５）。但每头仔猪饲料总成本，Ｉ组比Ⅱ组降低７％。     

泰乐菌素对肉用仔鸡促生长作有研究

在内用仔鸡的日粮中,添加２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的酒石酸泰乐菌素,对鸡有明显的促生长作用,与金霉素和洛克沙生的增重作用相比,差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）;且在１～２１日龄使用抗生素对肉鸡的促生长作用优于２２～４２日龄。     

限饲对肉鸡生产性能及胴体品质的影响

试验为６（限饲方式）×２（性别）的完全随机设计，每处理组４个重复，每重复１５只鸡。６种限饲方式为：（１）Ｒｅｓ－０（自由采食）；（２）Ｒｅｓ－１（第７日龄禁饲）　；（３）Ｒｅｓ－２（第７、１４日龄禁饲）　；（４）Ｒｅｓ－３（第７、１４、２１日龄禁饲）　；（５）Ｒｅｓ－４（第７、１４、２１、２８日龄禁饲）；（６）Ｒｅｓ－５（第７、１４、２１、２８、３５日龄禁饲）。禁饲指停饲２４　ｈ。结果４２日龄时处理１、２、３组间鸡体重无显著差异，但第４、５、６处理组体重明显低于１、２、３处理组（Ｐ＜　０．０５）…     

肉仔鸡饲养管理规程

生产指标管理条件疾病预防１２３４５６７８９１０１１１２１３１４１５１６１７１８１９２０２１２２２３２４２５２６２７２８２９１１０２９５５１５７６４１６５４０５８１５１２５０３６３５３４３３３２３１３１３０３０２９２８２５２１２４２４２４２２２１７０６５６２６０６０３５３５２８２５２０光照时间１～３日龄每日２４h光照８～４２日龄每日１６h光照，８h黑暗４３日龄～上市，２３h照明６h黑暗；光照强度１～３日龄３０Lx１～７日龄平均每天饮水３．８L８～１４日龄平均每天饮水７．５L１５～２１日龄平均每天饮水１１L…     

大麦饲粮添加粗酶制剂对雏鸡增重、甲状腺激素水平及免疫力的影响

选用１４４羽伊莎公雏，７日龄随机均分为４组，分别饲喂玉米基础饲粮（ＣＣ），大麦基础饲粮（ＢＣ）；大麦基础饲粮＋０１％Ａｖｉｚｙｍｅ－１１００酶制剂（ＢＦ）；大麦基础饲粮＋０．１％浙江酶制剂（ＢＺ）。结果表明７～２１日龄雏鸡增重添酶组均高于大麦基础饲粮对照组；采食量增加不显著；而料重比显著降低（Ｐ＜００１）。２１日龄时雏鸡血清Ｔ３水平添酶组亦高于大麦饲粮组，而Ｔ４水平则无多大差异；淋巴细胞转化率２１日龄时ＢＺ、ＢＦ组分别比大麦对照组高２４５７％和３１０１％（Ｐ＜００５），２８日龄时分别高３９５３％（Ｐ＜００５）和７４１５％（Ｐ＜００１）。     

饲喂发酵饲料对肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率、肠道健康和肉品质的影响

【目的】本试验旨在研究肉鸡生长前期(1~21日龄)饲喂发酵饲料对其生长性能、养分利用率、肠道健康和肉品质的影响。【方法】选用1日龄爱拔益加肉鸡公鸡240只,随机分入4个处理组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。4组肉鸡生长前期(1~21日龄)分别饲喂添加0、5%、10%、15%发酵饲料的试验饲粮,生长后期(22~42日龄)均饲喂不含发酵料的基础饲粮,试验期为42 d。试验第21和42天时,测定肉鸡的1~21日龄、22~42日龄和1~42日龄生长性能、19~21日龄和40~42日龄养分利用率、42日龄肠道菌的数量和42日龄肉品质等指标。【结果】与对照组相比,饲喂10%发酵饲料显著降低肉鸡1~21日龄料重比(P＜0.05);饲喂15%发酵饲料显著提高肉鸡1~42日龄平均日增重和平均日采食量(P＜0.05),显著提高19~21日龄肉鸡干物质利用率和能量代谢率(P＜0.05)。前期饲喂发酵饲料对42日龄肉鸡的盲肠菌群数量影响不显著(P＞0.05)。与对照组相比,饲喂发酵饲料显著降低42日龄肉鸡肌肉中胆固醇含量(P＜0.05)。【结论】生长前期饲喂10%的发酵饲料显著降低了肉鸡1~21日龄料重比;饲喂15%发酵饲料显著提高了肉鸡1~42日龄平均日增重、平均日采食量及19~21日龄肉鸡干物质和能量利用率。生长前期饲喂发酵饲料显著降低了42日龄肉鸡肌肉胆固醇含量,但是对42日龄肉鸡盲肠菌群数量无显著影响。     

Effects of delaying post‐hatch feeding on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression in the pectoralis major muscle of newly hatched chicks

Excessive lipid peroxidation negatively affects the physiological response and meat quality of chickens. Delaying post‐hatch feeding was previously found to increase lipid peroxidation in the skeletal muscle of finishing broiler chickens. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of delayed post‐hatch feeding on lipid peroxidation and the mRNA expressions of antioxidant enzymes in the pectoralis major muscle of broiler chicks during the post‐hatching period. Newly hatched chicks either had immediate free access to feed (freely‐fed chicks) or had no access to feed from 0 to 2 days old (delayed‐fed chicks), after which both groups were fed ad libitum until 4 or 13 days old. The lipid peroxidation level was higher in the delayed‐fed than freely‐fed chicks at 2, 4, and 13 days old. At 2 days old, the mRNA expressions of Cu/Zn‐SOD, Mn‐SOD, and GPX7 were lower in the delayed‐fed than freely‐fed chicks, while catalase mRNA levels did not differ. Furthermore, at 4 and 13 days old, lower mRNA expressions of Cu/Zn‐SOD and Mn‐SOD were observed in the delayed‐fed than freely‐fed chicks. These results suggest that delaying post‐hatch feeding reduces the mRNA levels of Cu/Zn‐SOD and Mn‐SOD, consequently affecting muscle lipid peroxidation in chicks during subsequent growth.     

枣多糖对免疫抑制蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫指标的影响

为探究金丝小枣多糖（ZJP）对免疫抑制蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫指标的影响，本试验将900只健康且体重相近的1日龄京红1号蛋鸡随机分为6组，每组6个重复，每个重复25只鸡。Ⅰ组为空白对照组，饲喂基础饲粮；Ⅱ~Ⅵ组在7~9日龄时注射100 mg/kg体重的环磷酰胺，每天1次，建立免疫抑制模型，并分别在基础饲粮中加入600 mg/kg黄芪多糖（APS）及0、400、800和1 600 mg/kg ZJP。试验期为6周。结果显示，ZJP可在不同程度上显著缓解环磷酰胺导致的42日龄体重、22~42和1~42日龄的平均日增重、胸腺和法氏囊指数、聚合免疫球蛋白受体、分泌型免疫球蛋白A （sIgA）及血清中免疫球蛋白A （IgA）和IgG的降低及22~42日龄料重比（F/G）的升高，并且料重比、IgA和IgG达到了APS组的水平。由此得出，在本试验条件下，在基础饲粮中添加适宜水平的ZJP可不同程度改善环磷酰胺所致的生长缓慢和免疫功能低下。     

Growth performance,carcass characteristics,meat quality and serum profile of broiler chicks fed on housefly maggot meal as a replacement of soybean meal

A study was conducted to invesstigate the housefly maggot meal (HMM) as an alternative protein source to replace the soybean meal in broiler chick's diet. A total of 720 1-day-old male broiler chicks were divided into three groups and fed diets formulated with HMM to replace soybean meal at the rate of 0%, 4% and 8%. The study lasted for 42 days in two phases. Results showed that HMM addition did not markedly affect body weight, average daily body weight gain and average daily feed intake of the broiler chicks. Feed conversion ratio increased linearly (1–21 days) in starter or quadratically (22–42 days) in the grower phase. HMM non-significantly increased the feed intake and body weight during the grower phase. Slight changes were observed for decrease of blood biochemical indices in the platelets (day 21), and alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme (day 42), and increase for red blood cells, packed cell volume, total protein and uric acid on day 42; however, the fluctuations were within the physiological range. Non-significant effects were observed for carcass composition and meat quality, except that HMM numerically reduced the shear force of breast muscle (linear, p = .058). These results are the strong evidence that HMM can be used as an alternative protein source at 8% in broiler chick's diet without any adverse effect on chick's performance.     

鸡新城疫－传染性支气管炎－传染性法氏囊病三联灭活疫苗对不同日龄雏鸡的免疫效力研究

为评估鸡新城疫（ND）-传染性支气管炎（IB）-传染性法氏囊病（IBD）三联灭活疫苗对不同日龄和不同水平母源抗体雏鸡的免疫效力和持续期,本试验用该疫苗免疫7、14、21日龄SPF雏鸡和有母源抗体的普通雏鸡,免疫后采血测定ND血凝抑制抗体（HI Ab）、IB血凝抑制抗体（HI Ab）及IBD中和抗体（NA）,并用传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）强毒攻击。结果显示,7日龄SPF雏鸡免疫后21 d ND HI抗体、IB HI抗体及IBD中和抗体效价分别为7.9log2、6.9log2和14.1log2,SPF鸡日龄越大,抗体水平越高;28日龄SPF鸡免疫后3个月,0.3 mL免疫剂量组试验鸡ND HI、IB HI及IBD中和抗体效价分别达6.5log2、6.1log2和13.6log2,IBDV攻毒保护率均为100%（10/10）;不同日龄普通雏鸡免疫效果与SPF鸡试验一致,抗体水平随鸡日龄增大而升高,IBD攻毒保护率也都达到100%（10/10）。试验结果证实,鸡新城疫-传染性支气管炎-传染性法氏囊病三联灭活疫苗可使7、14及21日龄SPF雏鸡和普通雏鸡产生良好的免疫力,对雏鸡的免疫期至少为3个月。     

Effects of dietary substitution of zinc‐methionine for inorganic zinc sources on growth performance,tissue zinc accumulation and some blood parameters in broiler chicks

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of zinc‐methionine (ZnMet) as a replacement for conventional inorganic zinc sources on performance, tissue zinc accumulation and some plasma indices in broiler chicks. A total of 450‐day‐old Ross male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five pen replicates of nine experimental diets. Dietary treatments consisted of two basal diets supplemented with 40 mg/kg added Zn as feed‐grade Zn sulphate or Zn oxide in which, Zn was replaced with that supplied from ZnMet complex by 25, 50, 75 or 100%. At 42 days of age, three randomly selected birds from each pen were bled to measure plasma metabolites; then, the chicks were slaughtered to evaluate carcass characteristics. Results showed that dietary treatments affected (p < 0.05) feed intake during the starter period, and chicks on Zn oxide diets consumed more feed than sulphate counterparts. Furthermore, dietary substitution of inorganic Zn sources by ZnMet caused improvements (p < 0.01) in body weight gain during all experimental periods. Dietary supplementation of ZnMet improved feed conversion efficiency during 1–21 and 1–42, but not in 21–42 days of age. Complete replacement of inorganic Zn by that supplied from ZnMet caused an increase (p < 0.05) in relative liver weight. Similarly, dietary inclusion of ZnMet increased breast meat and carcass yields and reduced abdominal fat percentage (p < 0.05). Incremental levels of ZnMet increased (p < 0.05) zinc concentrations in liver and thymus, and the highest zinc accumulations were seen in 100% ZnMet‐supplemented birds. Interestingly, introduction of ZnMet into the diets partially in place of inorganic sources resulted in decreases (p < 0.01) in plasma uric acid and triglycerides concentrations. The present findings indicated that dietary ZnMet inclusion in replacement of inorganic sources in addition to improving growth performance, reduced plasma uric acid and triglycerides concentrations, consequently decreased abdominal fat pad and increased carcass meat yield.     

共轭亚油酸对肉仔鸡体组成和肉品品质的影响

本试验旨在探讨日粮添加共轭亚油酸(CLA)对肉仔鸡体组成和肉品品质的影响。240只1日龄肉仔鸡随机分配到4个日粮处理组(0%、0.25%、0.5%和1%CLA),每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验结果表明:42d时,0.5%和1%CLA组肉仔鸡胸肌率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),1%CLA组肉仔鸡42d腿肌率显著高于对照组,肉仔鸡的腹脂率在各处理之间没有显著差异(P>0.05),1%CLA组肉仔鸡胸肌粗蛋白质粗脂肪比显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。0.5%、1%CLA组肉仔鸡胸肌滴水损失和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,CLA可改善肉仔鸡屠体性状,增加鸡肉系水力和延长货架存放时间。     

Effect of low‐ or high‐CP diet with cold‐pressed oil supplementation on growth,immunity and antioxidant indices of growing quail

This study was to investigate the effect of dietary protein levels and supplementation with two cold‐pressed oils on the performance, immunity and antioxidant indices of growing Japanese quails. A 3 × 4 factorial experiment, using 3 dietary crude protein (CP) levels (22%, 24% and 26%) and 4 supplemental herbal oils levels: control without additives, 250 mg marjoram (Mar), 250 mg thyme (Thy) and 125 mg Mar + 125 mg Thy per kg diet. A total of 720 unsexed, 7‐day‐old quail chicks were randomly distributed into twelve treatment groups (4 replicates per group of 15 chicks in each). The live body weight (LBW) on 42 days and body weight gain (BWG) from 7 to 42 days were significantly improved (p < 0.01 and 0.05) in chicks fed 24% or 26% CP compared with those of the 22% CP group. The groups fed diets supplemented with Mar or in combination with Thy oil exhibited significantly better LBW, BWG and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the control at all periods except BWG from 21 to 42 days and FCR from 7 to 21 days were not significant. Feed intake was gradually decreased with increasing dietary CP level or adding herbal oils during the periods 21–42 and 7–42 days of age. Plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, total lipids and malondialdehyde were decreased by cold‐pressed oils supplementation, but the activity of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase was increased (p < 0.01) compared with the control. In conclusion, quails fed a diet containing 24% or 26% CP or diets supplemented with Mar or Thy oils or both exhibited improvement in the performance, lipid profile, immunity and antioxidant capacity without any detrimental impacts on the other studied parameters.     

A comparison of three different regimens of infectious bursal disease vaccination in chickens

Five days old progeny chicks from breeders which have received primary and booster doses of live infectious bursal disease vaccine, demonstrated precipitating antibodies unlike progenies from single dose vaccinated breeders. All chicks from the two different groups of breeders were however seronegative at 22 days of age, despite vaccination at 7 or 14 days of age. Post vaccination seroconversion was first noticeable at 32 days in the group of chicks vaccinated at 7 days. Post challenge mortalities was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) and organ lesions very significantly minimized (P less than 0.01) in 7 day old vaccinated group than in 14 or 28 days old vaccinated chicks. These results showed that early (7 days) IBD Vaccination was superior to vaccination at 14 or 28 days, in terms of antibody response and protectivity against mortalities and bursal lesions.