应用管氏肿腿蜂防治粗鞘双条杉天牛

粗鞘双条杉天牛是为害杉树的主要蛀干性害虫,在广东化州市杉林应用管氏肿腿蜂对其进行防治,获得了较为满意的结果。放蜂量在２５００头／ｈｍ＾２,一个月后天牛幼虫寄生主可达６２％以上,但放蜂量超过３０００头／ｈｍ＾２时,寄生率反而下降,在放蜂后的１￣３年间,杉树受害率从对照的３９％下降到１．７％￣２．１％,天牛幼虫密度从３．７头／下降到０．０２头／株。持续防治效果可达３年以上。     

田间释放平腹小蜂对荔枝蝽的控制效果

使用平腹小蜂不同放蜂密度防治荔枝蝽,放蜂后调查卵寄生率和虫口密度.结果表明,田间两种放蜂密度防治荔枝蝽均有良好的防治效果,卵块寄生率达81.82%～100%,卵粒寄生率达80.82%～91.24%,虫口防效达16%～94.33%.从经济成本预算,每株放蜂600头,就可以达到较好的控制效果.     

松毛虫赤眼蜂不同放蜂密度对松毛虫控制效果

使用松毛虫赤眼蜂不同放蜂密度分别于7月30日和8月10日两次放蜂防治松毛虫,第二次放蜂后10d分别调查卵寄生率和虫口密度。结果表明,松毛虫赤眼蜂块剂50、60、70块/667m2三种放蜂密度防治松毛虫均有良好的防治效果,卵寄生率分别为78.8%、75.3%、90.1%,虫口防效达89.1%、84.6%9、1.6%。从经济成本预算,每亩放蜂50块,就可以达到较好的控制效果。     

通化市大面积推广育蜂治螟的经验

近十多年来, 吉林省通化市推广育蜂治螟,累计防治面积近百万亩。但由于育蜂靠国家投资,放蜂不收费,影响了这项措施的扩展,防治面积逐年减少,螟害率回升,以致玉米产量损失率达10～18％。 为了扭转这一局面,经吉林省植保站倡导,由通化市农科所、梅河口市农科站、双兴乡农科站组成科研、生产联合体,扶助赤眼蜂科技专业户繁蜂,并实现一户包一乡放蜂任务,因此,1985～1986年放蜂面积达到20万亩。放蜂地玉米螟卵块寄生率为66.6％;卵粒寄生率     

利用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治苹果小卷叶蛾的研究

1984—1988年在果园开展了利用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治苹果小巷叶蛾的试验示范,放蜂面积7万余亩,卵块和卵粒寄生率分别达92.41和87.29％,虫果率仅2—3％,效果好于化学防治。果园放蜂以每亩设8—12个点,放蜂4次,总蜂最12万头,效果较好。P~(32)标记证明,赤眼蜂的扩散距高,在6小时内有61.96％的蜂分布在5米范围内,而24小时后则比较均匀地分布到30米的范围。     

深圳市释放啮小蜂对椰心叶甲的控制作用

在深圳连续释放椰心叶甲啮小蜂防治椰心叶甲,结果表明:放蜂45d后,其中3个放蜂点的蛹寄生率分别为72.00%、92.78%和89.44%,椰心叶甲啮小蜂已在当地建立了一定的种群;180d后,各放蜂点的椰心叶甲虫口密度分别由87.4、78.4和133.0头/株(包含成虫、蛹和幼虫)下降到5.6、23.6和3.0头/株,此时椰心叶甲的种群密度不足以对椰树或其他棕榈植物造成严重危害。说明在城市内利用寄生蜂控制椰心叶甲是可行的。     

赤眼蜂防治苹果害虫效果好

1986至1989年,我们引进松毛虫赤眼蜂,在蒙阴、临沐石门两处园艺场进行防治示范,放蜂面积1580亩,效果良好。 苹小卷叶蛾 越冬代成虫羽化盛期至第一代卵期(6月上中旬)放蜂,每隔5—6天放1次,共放4次,平均每次每亩34776头。据在蒙阴调查卵块寄生率100％,卵粒寄生率94.6％,“苹小”虫果率平均为0.7％。(对照区为10.8％),虫口残留密度由每株29.7头压低到4.2头。     

香港地区释放荔蝽卵平腹小蜂防治荔蝽

１９９６～１９９８年在香港连续３年利用荔蝽卵平腹小蜂防治荔蝽,１９９６年４月调查,放蜂的３个类型区卵块寄生率分别达８０．００％、８９．５７％和９０．００％,卵粒寄生率分别为８１．８１％、６８．７２％和８９．１６％;而对照区的卵块寄生率和卵粒寄生率仅分别为１６．６７％和１７．０７％。１９９８年５月调查,放蜂的各类型区卵块寄生率和卵粒寄生率均分别达到１００％和９９％以上;对照区的卵块寄生率和卵粒寄生率也分别高达８７．５０％和８７．９６％。同时,果园虫口密度显著降低。     

人工卵赤眼蜂对玉米害虫的控害效果

研究表明,用人工卵繁殖的松毛虫赤眼蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂对夏玉米田２～３代玉米螟均有较好的控害效果。放蜂区校正卵粒寄生率为６５．４４％～６８．１６％;百株玉米蛀孔数和雄穗被害较对照分别减少６６．６７％～７０．３７％和７３．３３％～８０．００％。防治玉米雌穗上棉铃虫的效果,螟黄赤眼蜂要明显好于松毛虫赤眼蜂（２０．０％）,虫口减退率达７１．１％。另外还研制了适合人工卵赤眼蜂田间放蜂的放蜂器,出蜂率达９０％以上。     

玉米螟赤眼蜂适宜生境的研究与利用:Ⅲ.夏玉米间作匍匐型绿豆对赤眼蜂的增诱作用及其在穗期玉米螟防治中的利用

本文就夏玉米间作匍匐型绿豆对玉米螟赤眼蜂增诱作用及其在穗期玉米螟防治中利用的可行性进行了研究。结果表明，夏玉米间作匍匐型绿豆结合接种式放蜂区，与平作夏玉米结合接种式放蜂区和不放蜂对照区相比，明显提高了玉米螟赤眼蜂对螟卵的寄生率，１９９２年三者人工挂卵的卵块总寄生率分别为２６．７％、３．６％和０；１９９３年分别为２８．０％、６．６％和１．０％，自然落卵的寄生率分别为６９．１％、２２．４％和４．６％。１９９４年用心叶期抗螟品种间作绿豆结合接种式放蜂区，人工挂卵的卵块总寄生率为３０．７％，而平作夏玉米不放蜂对照区仅为２．５％；自然落卵的卵块寄生率前者为５６．２％，后者为１２．３％。心叶期抗螟品种间作匍匐型绿豆结合接种式放蜂区、心叶期抗螟夏玉米平作不放蜂和感螟品种不放蜂对照区的平均百株蛀孔数分别为５４．８、１０２．６和２７７．２个，放蜂区与两个不放蜂对照区相比，对玉米螟的防效分别为４６．６％和８０．２％。试验结果显示采用心叶期玉米抗螟品种间作匍匐型绿豆，并接种释放少量赤眼蜂等综合措施对穗期玉米螟害有明显的控制作用     

Efficacy of noviflumuron gel bait for control of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)-laboratory studies

The insecticidal activity of a cockroach gel bait containing a chitin synthesis inhibitor, noviflumuron, was evaluated using laboratory and field strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). Noviflumuron gel bait (0.01-5 mg g(-1)) caused > or = 90% nymphal mortality to laboratory and field strains of B. germanica in choice tests after 11 and 19 days of continuous exposure respectively. In 1 m x 1 m bioassay arenas, laboratory strain B. germanica population levels exposed to 5 mg g(-1) noviflumuron bait or 0.1 mg g(-1) fipronil gel bait were significantly lower than untreated population levels after 3 weeks and 1 week of exposure respectively. Various noviflumuron bait exposure periods (2, 4 and 7 weeks) caused similar population reductions, with a mean of 99.3 (+/- 0.3)% at 7 weeks. Fipronil gel bait caused 100% population reduction at 2 weeks post-exposure. The control population increased 89.0% at 7 weeks. In a simulated kitchen experiment with mixed stage laboratory populations, cockroach trap catches decreased 96.8 (+/- 2.0)% at 8 weeks in the 0.5 mg g(-1) noviflumuron bait treatment. The trap catches in the control increased 506.5 (+/- 493.7)% during the same period. Trap catch reduction by 0.1 mg g(-1) fipronil gel bait reached 100% at 4 weeks. Noviflumuron bait caused significantly lower nymph/total ratios to B. germanica populations in bioassay arenas from 2 weeks after exposure, demonstrating its effectiveness as a control agent for B. germanica with a pattern of activity similar to that expected from a chitin synthesis inhibitor.     

Inhibition of insect cytochrome P-450 by some metyrapone analogues and compounds containing a cyclopropylamine moiety and their evaluation as inhibitors of juvenile hormone biosynthesis

Two metyrapone analogues, 2-(l-imidazolyl)-2-methyl-l-phenyl-l-pro-panone (A-phenyl-B-imidazolyl-metyrapone; III) and 2-methyl-l-phenyl-2-{1,2,4-triazol-l-yl)-l -propanone (A-phenyl-B-triazolyl-meiyrapone; IV) as well as two cyclopropylamine derivatives. N-cyclopropyl-4-icrt-butylbenzylamine (V) and N-cyclopropyl-4-(3,7-dimethyl-7-methoxy-octyloxy)benzamide (cyclopropylamine acylated with a JH analogue acid of known structure; VI) were synthesized and evaluated in biological assays for JH biosynthesis on cockroach, Diploptera punctata corpora allata and egg growth in adult cockroach as well as for mixed function oxidase activities, i.e. epoxidation of aldrin to dieldrin and O-demethylation of 7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin to 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin on microsomes from housefly, Musca domestica, abdomen and from cockroach midgut. Compound VI was a good in-vitro inhibitor of JH biosynthesis, but it had significantly lower activities in the assays for inhibition of microsomal cytochrome P-450. Compound IV and metyrapone had moderate activity as inhibitors of oocyte growth. Compounds III, IV and V were more potent inhibitors of housefly aldrin epoxidation than metyrapone and they inhibited the enzyme activity by almost 100% at 02mM, while in cockroach midgut microsome assay metyrapone was more potent than these three compounds.     

蜚蠊卵荚内寄生啮小蜂的繁殖实验

作者用啮小蜂对烟色大蠊,日本大蠊、美洲大蠊和德国小蠊4种蜚蠊卵荚进行接蜂试验。结果表明:除德国小蠊卵荚外,其它8种卵荚接蜂成功,寄生率分别为45.08％、53.06％和64.04％,羽化率分别为11.69％、28.57％和47.19％,在卵荚内平均发育期分别为64.63、66.79和48.38天。美洲大蠊卵荚寄生率高,羽化出雌蜂数较多,发育历期短,容易采集。因此,作者认为实验窒繁殖寄生啮小蜂应首选美洲大蠊。     

Pharmacological properties of presynaptic muscarinic receptors in the sixth abdominal ganglion of the cockroach,Periplaneta americana L.

The effects of muscarinic agonists on acetylcholine (ACh) release in the cercal-afferent giant-interneuron synapses of the cockroach have been studied using the single-fibre oil-gap method. Decrease in amplitude of the cEPSP was induced by pressure ejection of arecoline (ARE), carbachol (CCh) and oxotremorine free base (OXO) within the sixth abdominal (A6) ganglion. This depressive effect was dose-dependent without any effect at the post-synaptic site in the range of concentrations used. The concentration for 50% of cEPSP inhibition of the most commonly used muscarinic agonists was determined. The rank order of potencies was: ARE > CCh > OXO > McN-A-343 > bethanechol (BET). Plateau levels of 56%, 54% and 68% were reached when increasing the concentration of ARE, CCh and OXO respectively. McN-A-343 and BET had an inhibitory effect on ACh release but higher doses also acted at the postsynaptic level. Furthermore, muscarinic agonists were able to evoke uIPSP and a smaller inhibitory effect of ARE and OXO was observed in presence of picrotoxin. It is concluded that the ACh release in the cockroach A6 ganglion is modulated by presynaptic muscarinic receptors which are possible target sites for insecticides. The presence of putative muscarinic receptors on inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, involved in pre- and postsynaptic inhibition is suspected.     

The sensitivity of mitochondrial Mg2+ ATPase to DDT and analogs at different temperatures

Oligomycin-sensitive (O-S) Mg²⁺ ATPase from American cockroach muscle was more sensitive to DDT, TDE, methoxychlor, and DDE at cool temperatures than at warm temperature, thus showing a negative temperature effect. In contrast, inhibition by acaricides dicofol, chlorfenethol, and Plictran shows a positive temperature effect. Oxidative phosphorylation in a mitochondrial preparation from cockroach coxal muscle was reduced by DDT, but the reduction was greater at a higher temperature (32°C) than at a cooler temperature (22°C). In addition, Na⁺K⁺ ATPase from cockroach nerve cord showed a positive temperature effect with DDT. The inhibition by DDT was much less on Na⁺K⁺ ATPase than on O-S Mg²⁺ ATPase. The negative temperature effect by DDT and analogs on O-S Mg²⁺ ATPase parallels toxicity effects on insects and fish as reported by numerous researchers. The results provide further evidence for this energy-regulating enzyme being a critical component in the biological action of DDT.     

Nachweis der Australischen Schabe (Periplaneta australasiae [Fabricius, 1775]) in Sachsen-Anhalt

The Australian cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae [Fabricius, 1775]) is a roach species that is scarcely found in Germany. On the territory of Saxony-Anhalt it has only been detected twice, these observations dating back more than 60 years. In early 2001, a mass appearance of the Australian cockroach was recorded in a greenhouse of the Magdeburg Zoological Gardens. The author is not aware of any other current appearance of the Australian cockroach in the land of Saxony-Anhalt.     

Nachweis der Australischen Schabe (Periplaneta australasiae [Fabricius, 1775]) in Sachsen-Anhalt

The Australian cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae [Fabricius, 1775]) is a roach species that is scarcely found in Germany. On the territory of Saxony-Anhalt it has only been detected twice, these observations dating back more than 60 years. In early 2001, a mass appearance of the Australian cockroach was recorded in a greenhouse of the Magdeburg Zoological Gardens. The author is not aware of any other current appearance of the Australian cockroach in the land of Saxony-Anhalt.     

Nachweis der Braynbandschabe (Supella longipalpa [Fabricius, 1798]) in Sachsen-Anhalt

Evidence of the brown-banded cockroach (Supella longipalpa [Fabricius, 1798]) in Saxony-Anhalt In the past, evidence of the brown-banded cockroach in the Land of Saxony-Anhalt was based on reports furnished by pest control businesses to the extent that brown-banded cockroaches had been traced on the premises of two Magdeburg companies in 1985. A specimen of brown-banded cockroach was recently detected in the Land of Saxony-Anhalt (March 2000). The roach was found in the office of a smallsized business in the town of Wolmirstedt north of Magde burg. The route along which the pest had entered the premises, or been brought in, could not be elucidated.     

Nachweis der Braynbandschabe (Supella longipalpa [Fabricius, 1798]) in Sachsen-Anhalt

Evidence of the brown-banded cockroach (Supella longipalpa [Fabricius, 1798]) in Saxony-Anhalt In the past, evidence of the brown-banded cockroach in the Land of Saxony-Anhalt was based on reports furnished by pest control businesses to the extent that brown-banded cockroaches had been traced on the premises of two Magdeburg companies in 1985. A specimen of brown-banded cockroach was recently detected in the Land of Saxony-Anhalt (March 2000). The roach was found in the office of a smallsized business in the town of Wolmirstedt north of Magde burg. The route along which the pest had entered the premises, or been brought in, could not be elucidated.      

Inhibition of juvenile hormone biosynthesis and methyl farnesoate epoxidase activity by 1,5-disubstituted imidazoles in the cockroach,Diploptera punctata

Seventeen substituted imidazoles were tested as inhibitors of juvenile hormone (JH) III synthesis by cockroach corpora allata in an in-vitro radio-chemical assay. Most of these 1,5-disubstituted imidazoles were highly potent, with IC₅₀ values of less than 100nM. The compounds differed in their ability to cause an accumulation of the precursor methyl farnesoate in the glands. Four of the imidazoles were tested by topical application to previtellogenic adult females, and all caused a significant inhibition of JH synthesis and an accumulation of intraglandular methyl farnesoate for at least three days after treatment. Methyl farnesoate epoxidase activity of homogenates of corpora allata was inhibited by the compounds TH -14 and TH -27. This P450-dependent epoxidase activity was inhibited at less than 10 nM. The results show that the 1,5-disubstituted imidazoles are powerful inhibitors of the last step of juvenile synthesis in this cockroach.