Experimental examinations concerning the problem of deformed emerging bees after infestation with Varroa jacobsoni

The deformations of bees occurring in connection with varroatosis was examined both in case of natural and artificial infestation. Under both conditions, the number of bees showing wing deformations increased with the degree of mite infestation. Shortened abdomina, however, only appeared in the case of natural infestation. Inadequate brood care in colonies severely infested by Varroa mites is supposed to be responsible. Wing deformations could be produced by experimental haemolymph extraction.     

Development of infestation with Varroa jacobsoni O. in bee colonies in Tunisia

The mite Varroa jacobsoni, an ectoparasite of the honey bee, was imported to Tunisia probably in 1976. Afterwards, this parasitosis caused severe losses of colonies for several years. The continued examination of the level of infestation in colonies of a "GTZ" project stated a steady number of mites since 1980. Only in a few colonies, the infestation was above the limit of damage. Though the colonies in North West Tunisia did not receive any treatment since 1986 there was no increase of infestation. In order to investigate the reason for this the mites' ability of reproduction was examined during two following years. The portion of infertile female mites in the worker brood in most of the colonies was with 50% considerably higher than in Europe. In Brazil, the adaptation between host and mite produced similar low reproduction rates. As, however, in Tunisia the portion of infertile females in the drone brood of the individual colonies corresponded to the one in the worker brood climatic conditions are supposed to be responsible.     

狄氏瓦螨(Varroa destructor)的研究进展

狄氏瓦螨(Varroa destructor)是严重危害西方蜜蜂(Apismellifera)的一种寄生螨,近几年对狄氏瓦螨的研究有了新的进展,本文就血统进化、生理机制、携带病原菌和最新的防治方法等领域作一综述。     

侵染西方蜜蜂的瓦螨种类鉴定

狄斯瓦螨(Varroa destructor)是一种寄生于蜜蜂成蜂及幼虫体上的外寄生螨,以寄主血淋巴为食,是危害世界养蜂业最为严重的虫害。论文对25份来自阿根廷的西方蜜蜂群的瓦螨样品进行了mtDNA CO1基因序列分析和限制性内切酶酶切分析,结果表明所有样品均为狄斯瓦螨朝鲜基因型。     

狄斯瓦螨的研究进展与防治

狄斯瓦螨是目前危害世界养蜂业最大的病害虫,给养蜂生产带来巨大挑战。它从原始寄主东方蜜蜂经过寄主转移到西方蜜蜂体上寄生,除对蜜蜂幼虫、蛹、成蜂造成直接危害外,还携带并传播蜜蜂病毒,造成蜂群崩溃。本文从狄斯瓦螨的生物学特性、狄斯瓦螨的危害和狄斯瓦螨的防治三个方面对近年来狄斯瓦螨的研究概况进行介绍。     

夏季防治蜂螨

在适宜条件下，蜂螨群体的繁殖每3周翻一番，比如说4月中旬蜂群有100只螨，到7月下旬（16周）就会繁殖到3200只，增加30余倍。蜂螨达到3000只，通常叫做接受阀或螨损阀，超过这个阀值，蜂螨危害蜂群。一旦接近螨损阀，蜂群的存活力开始下降。因此，在蜂螨到达一定数量之前，就必须采取有效防治措施，最好尽早摇出蜂群中的蜂蜜，必要时用药物防治。     

外来蜂种对本地传粉蜂物种多样性的影响

为了提高经济效益而从境外引入外来蜜蜂、熊蜂或胡蜂用于养殖或为设施农业授粉的现象已经很普遍。但引入外来蜂种应慎重,外来蜂种逃逸为野生种群后,因缺乏自然天敌会在短时间内大量繁殖,与本地传粉蜂形成食物竞争或捕食关系,还有可能传播病虫害、干扰本地传粉蜂的生殖,甚至破坏植物-传粉者之间的互利关系,对本地传粉蜂类多样性和自然生态系统稳定性可能产生较大危害。在大量外来蜂种进入我国的现状下,为保护本地传粉蜂的物种多样性,维持自然生态系统的稳定性,建议引种单位应充分评估引种风险并严格管理外来蜂种;政府应加大投资力度,大力开发本地熊蜂资源为设施农业授粉服务;建立中华蜜蜂保护区,保护我国本土蜂种。     

大蜂螨寄生密度的检测方法

大蜂螨是危害西方蜜蜂最严重的寄生螨。在大蜂螨的防治中,首先需要对蜂群的蜂螨寄生密度进行检测,并根据危害程度采取相应的防治措施。大蜂螨在蜂箱内呈周年性变化。春季和夏初,箱内有大量子脾时,绝大多数螨寄生在蜂子上;而     

瓦螨的遗传多样性(上)

介绍恩氏瓦螨、林氏瓦螨、雅氏瓦螨以及新提名的杀手瓦螨 (拟 )的寄主、寄生范围、形态特征、危害情况等。雅氏瓦螨包括多个单倍型 (基因型 ) ,其中原来寄生在亚洲大陆东方蜜蜂的 2个单倍型转移寄生到西方蜜蜂 ,传播到世界各地 ,给养蜂业造成巨大损失。对瓦螨基础生物学的了解 ,有助于寻找防治瓦螨的新措施     

蜜蜂寄生瓦螨的分类学研究进展及存在的问题

瓦螨（V arroa）为分布于亚洲东方蜜蜂及全世界西方蜜蜂的自然外寄生螨类，严重危害世界养蜂业。本文介绍了瓦螨的分类地位，形态学及遗传学的分类方法和结果。记录了我国瓦螨分类分布的研究进展。并讨论了瓦螨分类学研究的意义，存在的问题以及对将来研究工作的展望。     

瓦螨的遗传多样性(下)

(接上期 )4　雅氏瓦螨雅各布森在印度尼西亚爪哇东方蜜蜂上采集到的寄生螨 ,由奥德门进行了形态描述 ,定名为雅氏瓦螨 (ＶａｒｒｏａｊａｃｏｂｓｏｎｉＯｕｄｅｍａｎｓ,190 4 )。以后发现雅氏瓦螨的分布很广 ,在整个亚洲的东方蜜蜂以及印度尼西亚的印尼蜂都有雅氏瓦螨寄生。后来雅氏瓦螨中的 2种基因型转移寄生到西方蜜蜂。4 1　形态特征　　雌性雅氏瓦螨呈横椭圆形 ,与林氏瓦螨比较体格略小 ;气门片较短 ,弯度较大 ;足内刚毛较少 ;在颚须转节上有 1根刚毛 (见表1)。德尔芬纳多 -贝克等 (Ｄｅｌｆｉｎａｄｏ -ＢａｋｅｒａｎｄＨｏｕｃ…     

The control of Varroa destructor using oxalic acid

Twenty-four honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies were used to monitor the efficacy of a solution of 2.9% oxalic acid (OA) and 31.9% sugar against the mite Varroa destructor. Mite mortality was established prior to and after OA treatments, which were conducted in August and September. The treatments resulted in 37% mite mortality as opposed to 1.11% in the controls. OA treatment conducted in September on previously untreated colonies resulted in 25% mite mortality. OA treatments in October and November resulted in approximately 97% mite mortality. These results suggest that OA is effective during the broodless period and less effective when applied to colonies with capped broods. The possible use of OA against the Varroa mite in honeybee colonies as an alternative to routine chemical treatments is discussed.