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运用甘肃省天水农业气象试验站2004-2009年葡萄物候观测资料及1971-2009年的气象资料,利用Penman-Monteith(98版)公式及作物系数,对葡萄各生育阶段的需水量进行计算,建立估算水分利用程度的水分适宜度模型.结果表明:天水市葡萄生长期的水分条件比较优越,全生育期水分适宜度在0.70以上;近年来全生育期葡萄水分适宜度随时间呈下降状态;虽然全生育期水分适宜性较好,但在各生长阶段分布不均,末期生长阶段降水量大于需水量,但旺盛生长期水分供需矛盾比较突出,水分适宜度较低.在半山区建园应该优先发展灌溉等农业设施,以利于葡萄种植业的持续发展. 相似文献
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为研究关中西部半湿润地区葡萄水分盈亏情况,本文通过Mann-Kendall趋势检验、滑动t检验及Morlet小波分析等方法分析1990—2019年间葡萄需水量年际变化特征,通过水分盈亏指数(CWSDI)分析各月份及全生育期水分供应情况,以期为关中地区葡萄科学灌溉提供参考。结果表明:葡萄全生育期需水量在2015年发生突变后呈显著上升趋势,需水量变化的第一主周期为15 a。葡萄生育期内需水量总体呈先增加后减小趋势,各水文年型需水量差异在果实膨大期达到最大。不同水文年型均有发生干旱的可能性,其中葡萄6月份正值果实膨大期,但CWSDI呈降低趋势,应及时监测葡萄水分情况,防止水分亏缺造成减产。 相似文献
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甘肃省近58年春旱的气候特征及其对农业的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用甘肃省80个气象观测站1951~2008年的春季(3~4月)历年降水量距平百分率确定干旱标准,统计分析历年春旱发生的频率和范围。结果表明:甘肃省春旱发生频率比较高,其频率范围为30%~50%,河西走廊为40%~50%,陇中北部和陇东为40%左右,陇中南部、陇南和甘南高原为30%左右。全省春旱频率呈增加趋势,河西、陇东和陇南呈增加趋势,陇中趋势平稳,2000~2008年全省及各地春旱次数都在迅速增加。在近58年中,全省春旱范围的历年变化呈逐渐扩大趋势,陇东和陇南与全省相同,河西和陇中呈逐渐缩小趋势。 相似文献
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为应对气候变暖对农业生产的影响,定量评价气候要素对春小麦生长的影响,运用模糊数学理论和滑动平均模拟法,利用前人建立的气候适宜度模型,进行春小麦气温、降水、日照隶属度模型和气候适宜度模型的研究。结果表明:春小麦全生育期气温、降水适宜度呈下降趋势,而日照无明显变化趋势。生育期内日照适宜度最高,气温次之,降水适宜度最低。苗期降水适宜度最低,抽穗期次之,气温适宜度苗期最低,变异系数最大,表明苗期的降水和气温是影响春小麦生长的关键,其次是抽穗期。降水是制约旱地春小麦生长最关键的气候因素,且气候适宜度随气候变化呈下降趋势,并在各发育阶段和年际变化过程中都呈不稳定波动状态,对春小麦生长具有极显著的负效应。全球气候变化增加了黄土丘陵区春小麦生产的气候风险。 相似文献
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田间因素对落叶果树果实后期发育的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
依据有关葡萄,苹果,柿,桃,油桃等果树研究的成果,就果实发育的后期,留果量,叶面积,树势,病毒感染等栽培管理因素及温度,光照,水分等环境条件对果实膨大,糖分积累,酸度等色素变化,风味形成等进程,果实品质以及耐贮性的影响进行了综述。 相似文献
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基于日喀则地区7个国家气象站1980—2021年逐日气象数据,分析构建了高原马铃薯气温(T)、光照(S)、水分(W)、气候(C)适宜度评价模型并对其时空变化特征进行分析,结果发现:近42年日喀则地区S平均值为0.82,呈逐年弱下降趋势,T、W、C适宜度平均值分别为0.79、0.64、0.61,均呈逐年上升趋势;马铃薯全生育期的光热资源都在最合理区域(S、T≥0.7),满足了其长发育需求。W在播种~出苗期(W=0.62)、开花~成熟期(W=0.44)呈现较低水平,是制约日喀则地区马铃薯生长发育的最主要因素;T、S空间分布较均匀,且呈现自西向东、自南北向中递增趋势,W空间分布不均匀。桑珠孜区—南木林县一带地区为马铃薯综合气候适宜度高值区(C>0.6),适宜大力发展马铃薯产业。由本文建立的日尺度气候适宜度评价模型得出的年际变化和区域特征结果与实际情况比较一致,为了解气候变化下日喀则马铃薯生长发育适宜度的时空变化提供依据。 相似文献
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天水市45年气候变化特征及对林果生长的影响 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
利用天水市3个代表气象站1961~2005年气象资料及历年林果资料,分析了45年温度、降水、干旱指数时空变化特征及对果树生长的影响。研究表明,20世纪60年代以来,天水市气温总体呈上升趋势,特别是冬季气温上升较为明显,≥10℃积温和高温日数自90年代以来明显增加,90年代为40 a来的暖期和降水的最少期,干旱指数下降,春旱、春末初夏旱、伏旱出现几率增多。气候变化对林果业发育期、产量品质及种植布局均带来一定影响。 相似文献
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甘肃黄土高原土壤农业水分常数分布特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过对黄土高原23个农业气象观测站及3个农业气象试验站作物观测地段的土壤农业水分常数分析,以揭示该地域农业水分特性的分布特征。结果显示:在甘肃黄土高原,土壤容重从北到南、从浅层到深层呈减少趋势;凋萎湿度地域及垂直分布变化不大;田间持水量地域分布特征明显,陇西黄土高原大于陇东黄土高原;干旱的临界土壤含水量基本上为北部小于南部,最大值出现在陇西黄土高原的中部。 相似文献
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The nature of a reductive system which actively degrades mexacarbate in the rat intestine and liver was investigated. The system is characterized by its stability against heat and protease treatments and its requirements for a flavin cofactor and an acidic pH for a maximum activity. As a result of purification and spectroscopic identification attempts the system responsible for the above reductive activity was identified to be flavoprotein. Under anerobic conditions such flavoproteinflavin cofactor systems degrade mexacarbate first to 4-N-desmethylmexacarbate and then to polar water-soluble metabolites. 相似文献
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A. D. Avgelis 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1986,92(4):147-152
Tomatoes grown in plastic houses in Crete have been inspected since 1980 for virus diseases. Plants with virus-like symptoms were checked by sap inoculation to test plants and the isolated viruses were identified by host reaction and serology. The most common viruses were, in order of frequency, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), potato virus X, tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), potato virus Y and cucumber mosaic virus. The large use of ToMV-resistant cultivars reduces gradually the importance of ToMV while TBSV tends to become a serious problem of tomato in Crete.Samenvatting Van 1980–1984 werden op Kreta de in plasticfolie-kassen geteelde tomaten geïnventariseerd op de aanwezigheid van virussen. Verdachte plante werden door sapinoculatie op toetsplanten onderzocht. De daarbij geïsoleerde virussen werden daarna via de symptomen op de waardplanten en serologisch geïdentificeerd. In volgorde van belangrijkheid werden de volgende virussen het meest aangetroffen: tomatemozaïekvirus, aardappelvirus X, tomatedwerggroeivirus, aardappel Y virus en komkommermozaïekvirus, De laatste jaren is door de toenemende teelt van tomaterassen met resistentie tegen tomatemozaïekvirus het belang van dit virus sterk verminderd, terwijl het tomatedwerggroeivirus een steeds ernstiger probleem lijkt te worden. 相似文献
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A whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) resistance crisis climaxed in 1995 in Arizona cotton and prompted the development of an integrated resistance management strategy adapted from a program implemented in Israel in 1987. The strategy incorporated two new major elements: once-per-year use of the insect growth regulators (IGRs) pyriproxyfen and buprofezin, and measures to delay use of pyrethroids for as long into the growing season as possible. A three-stage chemical use recommendation was formulated comprising IGRs (Stage I), other non-pyrethroid insecticides (Stage II), and synergized pyrethroid insecticides (Stage III). Results from use of the strategy in the 1996 season were very promising. Insecticide use for control of whiteflies was reduced substantially. State-wide monitoring of whitefly susceptibility revealed significant reductions in resistance to synergized pyrethroids as well as increased susceptibility to amitraz. Susceptibility of Lygus bugs to key insecticides changed correspondingly with increases and decreases in whitefly resistance from 1994 through 1996. ©1997 SCI 相似文献
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T. Kapari-Isaia A. Kyriakou L. Papayiannis D. Tsaltas S. Gregoriou I. Psaltis 《Plant pathology》2008,57(2):348-353
A new laboratory technique combining shoot-tip grafting in vitro and biological indexing on indicator plants was explored for the detection of citrus exocortis and related viroids. Τhree in vitro laboratory methods were used and compared with the classical biological method. With the classical in vivo method, diagnosis is based on the expression of symptoms on indicators 11–14 weeks after inoculation. In contrast, with the first in vitro method, microindexing in vitro of citron seedlings by graft inoculation, diagnosis was possible 12 days after inoculation; with the second method, microindexing in vitro of citron cuttings by graft inoculation, 20 days after inoculation; and with the third method, microindexing in vitro of citron cuttings by injection inoculation, 40 days after inoculation. Inoculated Etrog citron plantlets grown in vitro and tested by RT-PCR showed the same viroid content as the source plants. Of the three in vitro viroid indexing methods, microindexing on cuttings by grafting was easier and more reliable than microindexing either on seedlings or on cuttings by injection. 相似文献
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利用祁连山老虎沟地区海拔4200m气象观测站2010年的观测资料,采用FAO Penman-Monteith公式,再利用作物系数法,对高寒草甸生长季(5月22-9月22)的蒸散发量进行估算和分析。结果发现:研究期共有124天,蒸散发总量为238.3mm,日均为1.87mm·d-1。生长初期、生长中期、生长末期的蒸散发总量依次为22.6mm,179.1mm,36.6mm,依次占研究期总量的8.4%,75.2%,15.3%。5月下旬至6月中旬,日均蒸散发量以较低水平缓慢上升;6月下旬迅速增加;6月末至7月中旬猛然回落;7月中旬至8月末,日均蒸散发量迅速上升且维持在较高水平;此后直到9月22日,缓慢减少。5-9月月蒸散发总量依次为6.6mm,46.4mm,74.5mm,77.6mm,33.1mm。 相似文献