不同施肥时期对不同穗型水稻品种群体结构及产量的影响

通过不同施肥时期试验,研究不同施肥时期对不同穗型水稻品种群体结构及产量的影响。结果表明,穗数型品种牡丹江19群体结构、产量最佳的处理为分底肥、蘖肥和粒肥三次施入的处理,比其他处理增产17.9%～34.3%。穗重型品种系选1号群体结构、产量及产量构成因子最佳的处理为分底肥、蘖肥、穗肥和粒肥四次施入的处理,比其他处理增产8.3%～22.6%     

不同施肥时期对不同穗型品种品质的影响

通过不同施肥时期试验,研究不同施肥时期对不同穗型品种品质和产量的的影响,为生产优质、高产的稻米提供技术指导。本研究采用大田小区试验,通过分析供试品种的5项品质指标,最终确定最佳的施肥处理。研究表明,穗数型品种品质最优、产量最高的处理为分底肥、蘖肥和粒肥三次施入的处理,食味评分比其他处理食味评分高4分,增产34.3%;穗重型品种系选1号品质最优、产量最高的处理为分底肥、蘖肥、穗肥和粒肥四次施入的处理,比其他处理食味评分高7分,增产22.6%。     

香型杂交水稻"为天9号"高产栽培技术研究——栽培规格、施氮量及施肥方式研究

研究表明,要实现"为天9号"的高产栽培,合理密植(每667m~2栽1.5万～1.7万穴)、基本苗"靠发不靠栽"(每穴栽1～2苗)是实现其高产的基础,再配施纯氮20 kg/667 m~2,采取"底肥一道清"或"重底早追"的施肥方式,就可以实现其高产栽培的目的.     

优质高产杂交水稻新品种中优445的选育与应用

介绍了优质高产杂交水稻新品种中优445具有农艺性状好,生育期适中,产量高,米质优,秆硬、抗倒,抗病,后期转色好,商品性好等主要特征特性.提出了适时早播,培育多蘖壮秧;合理密植,构建丰产群体;合理施肥,重底早追,补施穗肥;科学管水;及时防病治虫等高产栽培措施.     

不同施肥时期对稻米不同穗型品种品质的影响

通过不同施肥时期试验,研究不同施肥时期对不同穗型品种品质和产量的的影响,为生产优质、高产的稻米提供技术指导。本研究采用大田小区试验,通过分析供试品种的5项品质指标,最终确定最佳的施肥处理。研究表明,穗数型品种品质最优、产量最高的处理为分底肥、蘖肥和粒肥3次施入的处理,食味评分比其他处理食味评分高4分,增产34.3%;穗重型品种‘系选1号’品质最优、产量最高的处理为分底肥、蘖肥、穗肥和粒肥4次施入的处理,比其他处理食味评分高7分,增产22.6%。     

不同施肥方式对夏玉米植株及产量性状的影响

为了探讨夏玉米高产高效施肥技术。以‘郑单958’为试验材料,研究了3种不同施肥方式对夏玉米产量、单株叶面积﹑单株叶片数﹑株高﹑叶面积系数及穗部性状等方面的影响。结果表明,处理1（种肥施用量占10%+大喇叭口期施攻穗肥占60%+抽雄吐丝期施攻粒肥30%的施肥方法）能明显提高单株叶面积和叶面积系数﹑增加玉米绿叶叶片数、株高,促进单株籽粒中的干物质积累,提高千粒重,从而使玉米产量增长,比处理2（种肥施用量占10%+大喇叭口期施肥量占90%的施肥方法）增产1155.66 kg/hm2,增产率11.65%,比处理3（大喇叭口期全部N肥100%一次施入的施肥方法）增产1770.84 kg/hm2,增产率19.03%;处理2比处理3增产615.18 kg/hm2,增产率6.61%。为了获得夏玉米高产和提高常规氮肥增产效果,采取分期追施,增产显著且高效。     

超级稻新组合黔南优2058

介绍黔南优2058的特征特性，并根据大面积连片栽培示范总结高产栽培技术要点：（1）旱育叶蘖同伸矮壮秧；（2）合理密植，足苗浅插匀栽；（3）平衡配套施肥、施全肥、重底肥、早追分蘖肥、适时追穗肥、巧施粒肥；（4）科学管水，以水调温、调气、调肥、促控；（5）病虫草鼠综合防治，控害，扶益保高产。     

不同基追肥比例对湖南省双季稻产量及干物质积累的影响

为探究不同基追肥比例对湖南省双季稻产量及干物质积累的影响,以‘湘早籼32号’和‘中嘉早17’为早稻供试品种,‘湘晚籼12号’和‘五优308’为晚稻供试品种,设置6种不同施肥比例(T1~T6)与1个不施肥处理(T7)。研究结果表明:施肥能有效提高水稻产量,比不施肥增产16.07%~91.33%。早稻‘中嘉早17’以基追肥比例8:2:0:0产量最高,为7497.00 kg/hm~2,晚稻‘五优308’以基追肥比例6:2:2:0产量最高,为9387.90 kg/hm~2;早晚稻的干物质积累量均以基追肥比例4:3:3:0较高,是一种有利于干物质积累的施肥方式,前轻后重的施肥方式茎秆重、叶片重、穗重显著低于其他处理,基追肥比例0:5:3:2的根系重与茎秆重分别比其他施肥处理少9.72%~63.84%和6.42%~27.82%,表明肥料后移会减少水稻干物质的积累。因此,在湖南地区重施基蘖肥可促进早稻分蘖的发生,晚稻在重施基蘖肥的基础上适当配施穗肥可增加单位面积颖花数、提高结实率,以此获得双季稻的高产。     

不同氮肥施用方法对江两优3号产量的影响

优化施肥方法,能提高水稻单产。为提高机插秧科学施肥肥水,以江两优3号为试验材料,在遵义县中等肥力田块开展了缓效肥和不同尿素施用方法的比较试验。试验结果表明:重施穗肥能延长水稻全生育期,降低水稻株高,提高结实率,提高水稻单产,其单产比施用缓效肥料、重施蘖肥、穗蘖肥并重增产23.06%、7.16%、5.98%。重施蘖肥和穗蘖并重生长相似,单产无明显差异。施用缓效肥单产低于其他各处理,结实率较低。说明重施穗肥能提增强水稻生长势,提高水稻单产。     

滇中粳稻单产800kg/667m~2科学施肥的实践与探讨

水稻要高产,"水、肥、气、热"四要素要协调好,要以水调肥、调气、调热,保持合理群体结构和根系活力,充分发挥良种的增产潜力,在水稻四要素中"肥"是最难把握的,从几十年的水稻高产栽培实践中,特别是近几年来运用水稻精确定量栽培技术,基本摸准了粳稻单产800 kg/667 m2的高产科学施肥技术。粳稻单产800 kg/667 m2,在基础地力400～450 kg的田块,NPK合理配比应该是1∶0.45∶0.5,无机N总用量为14.7～16 kg,其中基蘖肥与穗肥应采用5∶5或6∶4。穗肥中的促花肥应占60%,于倒3.5叶龄(即幼穗分化第二期)施用;保花肥应占40%,于倒1～1.5叶龄期施用。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

The Simulation of Comfort of Nine DOF of Automobile

Automobile comfort dynamic simulation is necessary when we predict and evaluate the comfort of a automobile or optimize performance of automobile. The nine DOF vibration model of automobile is established , which acts root mean square value of body in multiple work conditions as comfort evaluation indices. Based on the comfort simulation, the Hongyan 1160 is predicted in the way of comfort. The programmes can be used in many different automobiles . The computational result indicates that the model can simulate vibration of automobile truly. It is significant to research automobile comfort evaluation to optimize performance of automobile and comfort simulation .The computational program can be applied to optimize or simulate which has some reference value.     

南瓜降糖功能及其系列食品加工技术

阐述了南瓜在糖尿病辅助治疗方面的功能特性,介绍了南瓜降糖主要制品南瓜全粉、南瓜脆片、南瓜果酱和南瓜肉汁的工艺流程和操作要点。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...