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以大型浅水湖泊(太湖和巢湖)为研究对象,系统分析了沉积物有机质(OM)含量和组成、磷吸附参数、磷形态及间隙水溶解反应性磷(SRP)浓度在水平方向上的分布。吸附解吸平衡浓度(EPC0)与SRP浓度的比较结果表明,在太湖北部与巢湖南淝河入湖口等污染较严重的区域,沉积物仍表现出吸附磷的功能;OM与土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)、磷吸附指数和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著正相关,有机质分解所产生的小分子物质可增加磷的吸附容量;添加小分子有机质的室内模拟试验进一步证实了上述假设,糖类主要影响磷的吸附能,而氨基酸主要增加最大吸附量。有机质自身及其降解产物以不同方式影响沉积物对磷的吸附能力,并据此调节湖泊富营养化过程。 相似文献
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沉积物通过对磷的吸附/解吸行为而表现为水体的磷“汇”或“源”,这对海洋初级生产力和水体富营养化具有重要影响。然而,有关亚热带入海河口区沉积物对磷的吸附行为特征尚不明晰。本研究以茅尾海两个主要入海河口区采集的柱状沉积物为基础,通过吸附动力学和等温吸附实验探究粒径大小和盐度变化对磷在沉积物上的吸附行为。采用改进后的连续提取法分析沉积物吸附前后磷形态含量变化以探究沉积物对磷相应的吸附机制。结果显示,茅尾海主要入海河口区沉积物对磷的动力学吸附可用快慢二段一级动力学方程进行描述,等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir交叉型模型。相同站位不同深度沉积物对磷的吸附能力均呈现一定的差异性,2个站点沉积物在磷初始浓度较低时均存在磷的解吸行为。同等质量下粒径越小的沉积物对磷的吸附量越大。盐度增加会降低沉积物对磷的吸附能力,表明低盐度有利于沉积物对磷的吸附。吸附后的沉积物可交换态磷(Ex-P)和铁结合态磷(Fe-P)含量显著增加,吸附过程同时存在物理吸附和化学吸附,其中以物理吸附为主。研究显示,细颗粒物和有机质主要控制着茅尾海入海河口区柱状沉积物磷的吸附,该河口区的盐度能够促进沉积物对磷的吸附,对水体富营养化水平具有一定的调节作用,但物理过程对该河口区沉积物可能存在再次释放磷的风险,应加以防范沉积物内源磷污染问题,这对于入海口的生态环境污染综合治理具有重要意义。 相似文献
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以广州市主要城市湖泊为研究对象,从环境地球化学角度阐明沉积物中磷的总量、主要赋存形态与其潜在释放风险和环境效应的内在联系,为广州市城市湖泊环境特征评估及后续的生态修复提供基础数据和理论支撑。2016-2017年对广州市8个主要城市湖泊花都湖、白云湖、东山湖、流花湖、天河湖、海珠湖、荔湾湖、麓湖表层沉积物的总磷(TP)及各形态磷的含量与分布特征进行研究,并运用单因子污染指数法和生物有效性指数法对沉积物磷污染程度进行评价。结果表明:广州市湖泊表层沉积物TP含量为368~5 276 mg/kg,平均3 277 mg/kg,其含量分布特征表现为东山湖>白云湖>花都湖>流花湖>天河湖>荔湾湖>麓湖>海珠湖。TP中以无机磷(IP)为主要存在形式,占TP含量的67.56%~87.44%,IP中又以铁结合态磷(Fe-P)为主,占TP含量的32.77%~60.24%,均值为42.88%。相关分析表明TP与Fe-P和有机磷OP,Fe-P与De-P,Ca-P与OP呈显著的正相关关系,表明其来源的相似性。通过分析可将广州市湖泊分为受珠江干流直接影响、接纳河涌入水、相对... 相似文献
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锦江河沉积物磷形态与吸附行为及磷释放风险 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究沉积物磷的吸附参数、形态及其含量,揭示锦江河及其支流沉积物磷吸附行为的变化特征及其环境意义,阐明锦江河及其支流富营养化风险。2016年1月,在锦江河及其支流9个样点用彼得森采泥器采集表层沉积物,测定磷吸附平衡浓度(EPC_0),计算沉积物磷吸附指数(PSI)、磷吸附饱和度(DPS)以及其衍生出的磷释放风险指数(ERI)。结果表明,锦江河沉积物4种形态磷含量顺序为CaCO_3~PFe(OOH)~PASOPP_(alk),CaCO_3~P是沉积物磷的主要存在形态;钙结合态磷(CaCO_3~P)和磷最大吸附量(Q_(max))显著正相关;沉积物中PSI为11.24~31.37(mg P/100 g)/(μmol/L),平均值为21.28(mg P/100 g)/(μmol/L),且PSI与Q_(max)显著正相关;DPS值在水平方向上和垂直方向上的分布均与PSI值的分布相似;EPC_0在各支流分别从上游到下游逐渐减小,下游的沉积物磷释放潜能相对上游较小;EPC_0的垂直分布表明,对大多数河段来说,疏浚并不能减小沉积物磷释放风险;所有采样点的ERI在水平方向上均超过了25%,各采样点沉积物磷潜在释放诱发富营养化的风险均为高度风险。 相似文献
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通过分析长江中游湖北地区4个浅水湖泊(鲁湖、花马湖、野潴湖、三山湖)沉积物中的有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、碳氮比(C/N)、碳稳定同位素(δ13C)以及氮稳定同位素(δ15N),探究藻型湖泊和草型湖泊沉积物间碳、氮稳定同位素组成差异性,并进行了有机污染评价和有机质与氮素来源分析。结果表明,4个浅水湖泊的有机污染严重,鲁湖、花马湖、野潴湖、三山湖的平均有机指数分别为0.86、1.05、0.53和2.71,均达到了有机污染的程度,平均有机氮污染指数分别为0.34、0.36、0.21和0.54,均达到了有机氮污染程度;藻型湖泊(花马湖和鲁湖)沉积物中δ13C和δ15N的变化范围分别为-3.126%~-2.260%和0.291%~0.731%,均值分别为(-2.885±0.275)%(n=10)和(0.486±0.168)%(n=10);草型湖泊的δ13C、δ15N变化范围分别为-3.048%~-2.494%和0.411%~0.830%,均值分别为(-2.766±0.213)% (n=10)和(0.617±0.183)%(n=10),藻型湖泊的δ13C要更加偏负,草型湖泊的δ15N更加偏正;利用C/N与δ13C对有机质来源进行定性分析,发现浮游植物的沉积构成了藻型湖泊沉积物有机质的主要成分,而草型湖泊中浮游植物、土壤有机质和维管束植物均有贡献。利用C/N与δ15N对沉积物氮素来源进行半定量分析,发现本研究所选取湖泊的沉积物氮行为与湖泊的草藻形态没有显著相关关系,需更详细的物源信息才可确定氮素来源。 相似文献
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东湖养殖非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)的网箱下沉积物中有机质和可酶解磷(PHP)含量以及碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)均显示增高,间隙水中的PHP较低,而APA与正磷酸盐的浓度均高,这种现象在垂直与水平两个尺度上均有体现,故由有机物的富集到正磷酸盐的剧增可能受控于酶学机制。Langmuir单分子等温度吸附模型的分析结果表明网箱下表层沉积物的最大吸附量明显较高,面吸附强度明显降低,此亦为正磷酸盐相应剧增的另一重要原因。不同深度间隙水中APA的动力学行为表现出明显的季节性。 相似文献
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沉积物中磷的释放和藻类复苏是导致藻类水华频繁发生的主要原因之一.本研究以福建省富营养化山仔水库沉积物为研究对象,通过实验室模拟实验探究新型锁磷剂对沉积物磷释放控制和藻类复苏的抑制效果.实验结果表明,投加新型锁磷剂使得沉积物总磷(TP)和较稳定的钙结合态磷(Ca-P)分别增加10.8%和15.9%,减少了沉积物中磷的释放... 相似文献
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Anthony Yaw Karikari Ruby Asmah William Wilson Anku Steve Amisah Nelson Wheatson Agbo Trevor C. Telfer Lindsay Glenn Ross 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(5):2041-2051
This study involved the determination of sediment quality and heavy metals in the water column and bottom sediment of a selected cage fish farm in Lake Volta, to assess the potential impact of metals and organic matter pollution on the lake due to cage fish farming. Sediment analysis indicated that the texture of all sampling sites was sandy clay loam with sand dominating with a range of 31.5%–81.2%. The organic matter (TOM) ranged from 4.42%–8.89%, while organic carbon (TOC) was from 2.57%–5.22%. Total nitrogen (TN) fluctuated between 0.22% and 0.45%; total phosphate ranged between 0.22% and 5.30%. The TOC, TOM and TN content in the farm sediment were significantly lower than those of the reference sites (ANOVA, p < .05). Lead, copper, cadmium and selenium were not detected in the water. The results revealed that heavy metal concentrations in the water column and sediments were low and within tolerable levels, indicating no influence of metals from fish feed was observed on the lake water quality. However, the farm seemed to have moderate impact on sediment quality from organic matter. Water and sediment quality monitoring should be embarked upon periodically to ensure sustainable cage culture in the Lake Volta. 相似文献
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采用室内模拟研究的方法,研究中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)有机和常规养殖底泥中氮、磷的溶出规律。结果显示:有机组氨态氮溶出总量明显高于常规组,覆水前期,底泥厚度是决定氨态氮溶出总量的主要因子,中后期底泥类型成为主要因素。相同厚度底泥中有机组硝态氮的污染负荷明显低于常规组。常规组较有机组更容易在短时间内溶出硝态氮和亚硝态氮。5 cm和10 cm底泥厚度下有机组溶出总磷量分别高于常规组60.5%和56.5%,但在前4 d有机组的溶出速率低于常规组,应提早换水以有效控制总磷浓度。 相似文献
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J. Tammi A. Lappalainen J. Mannio M. Rask J. Vuorenmaa 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》1999,6(3):173-186
Abstract The effects of eutrophication on fish and fisheries in Finnish lakes were determined by an extensive lake survey conducted in 1995 and 1996. The study lakes (873) were chosen by stratified random sampling from all Finnish lakes with a surface area ≥ 0.04km2 (29,515 lakes in all). The chemical parameters of the lake water were determined for water samples taken in autumn 1995. Information on the fish stocks of the study lakes was collected by means of a postal questionnaire sent to local fishing authorities and lake owners. The results show that the fish community structure is cyprinid dominated, reflecting eutrophication in 2100 lakes (7% of all the target lakes). Strong fouling of the fishing gear, as well as a great abundance of unwanted species in the catch of passive gears, were considered to be a continuous problem in more than 10% of the lakes. Roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), and bream, Abramis brama (L.), were the most common species to have increased in abundance in the study lakes, whereas burbot, Lota lota (L.), and vendace, Coregonus albula (L.), decreased, especially in highly eutrophic lakes. High total phosphorus and cyprinid dominance in lakes were found mainly in the most intensive agricultural regions in the western and southern parts of Finland. 相似文献
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哑铃湾网箱养殖海区表层沉积物磷的含量特征 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在哑铃湾不同养殖历史网箱下、距离网箱50m和100m以及对照海区共布设8个采样点,于2002年4月~2003年1月分四季采集表层沉积物样品,对沉积物中总磷、无机磷和有机磷进行了测定,分析了调查区磷的空间分布和季节变化特征。结果表明:哑铃湾海水养殖网箱下沉积物磷含量明显高于对照点,沉积物中总磷是对照点的3.71~9.99倍。养殖历史越长,沉积物中的磷含量越高;网箱养殖引起的沉积物磷累积仅限于网箱下及距离网箱50m范围内,对距离100m以外的海区影响较小;沉积物中的无机磷占70%以上,以无机磷为主;养殖历史较长的东升村养殖区沉积物磷的季节变化明显,有机磷的变化与养殖活动密切相关。 相似文献
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We sought to estimate the nutrient load in the waste released into aquatic environments based on the feeding of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.) reared in cages that were installed in artificial reservoirs. For the calculation, an analysis of the chemical composition of commercial feeds intended for this species in their various stages of production was conducted (N = 130). We combined this information with a meta‐analysis of published data from commercial producers in Brazil about expected feed intake, feed conversion and other animal production indices, and body composition. With these data, it was possible to estimate the load. We estimated that 18% of the feed given to the animals is not consumed and is lost in the aquatic environment. The calculated average digestibility was 71.97% for the organic matter in the diet, 84.06% for protein and 54.40% for phosphorus. The estimated nutrient deposition efficiency, with respect to what was actually consumed by the tilapia, was 26.39% for organic matter, 43.25% for protein and 34.07% for phosphorus. The total nutrient load in the waste per tonne of biomass of produced tilapias was estimated to be 1040.63 kg of organic matter, 44.95 kg of nitrogen and 14.26 kg of phosphorus, representing 78%, 65% and 72% of the respective nutrient amounts supplied by the feed. The information obtained in this study serves as a reference for predicting the potential impact of tilapia farming in reservoirs and to establish scientific parameters for the planning of this activity. 相似文献