广东省6月玉米、豆粕、进口鱼粉价格分析

<正>据广州市饲料行业协会5月份对12家饲料生产企业的月度定点跟踪统计,截至5月25日,工业饲料产量为116829.3t,环比增长2.2%(注:4月产量环比减少8.2%),同比减少1.2%。资料显示:(1)水产饲料、鸡饲料产量增,鸭饲料产量减,猪饲料产量持平;(2)饲料产品价格基本稳定。     

3种饲料对赣昌鲤鲫生长速度和肌肉营养成分对比分析

为研究赣昌鲤鲫投喂膨化饲料、发酵饲料和硬颗粒饲料对其生长和肌肉的营养价值,采用了国内外通用的营养测试方法测定了投喂3种饲料的赣昌鲤鲫的肌肉营养成分。试验表明:投喂发酵饲料的赣昌鲤鲫生长速度显著快于其他两组。投喂3种饲料的赣昌鲤鲫肌肉中水分的质量分数为73.7%～74.7%(鲜样),粗蛋白为19.1%～19.6%,粗脂肪为4.3%～5.55%,灰分为1%～1.1%,除粗脂肪含量外,其他各组间均无显著差异(P0.05)。3种饲料养殖的赣昌鲤鲫的肌肉中测出的氨基酸均为18种,且肌肉中氨基酸的总量、必需氨基酸含量和鲜味氨基酸含量无显著差异。必需氨基酸的组成比例均符合FAO/WHO标准。综上,投喂发酵饲料组生长速度快,而且营养成分均在正常范围,说明发酵饲料更适合赣昌鲤鲫的养殖。     

市售婴儿配方奶粉产品营养素对比分析

对市售国内外10 个不同品牌的婴儿配方奶粉产品进行营养素分析对比。比较标签标示值与实际检测值的差异,并以偏差率表示,分析指标存在偏差的原因。研究发现,脂溶性维生素、水溶性维生素和矿物质标示值和检测值均控制在婴儿配方奶粉国家标准范围内。通过研究为婴儿配方奶粉中营养素设计值及确定产品标示值提供依据。     

饲料蛋白水平对多鳞白甲鱼亲鱼生长、体组成与性腺的影响

为研究不同蛋白水平对多鳞白甲鱼亲鱼生长、体组成与性腺发育的影响,采用鱼粉、豆粕等常规原料配制蛋白水平分别为30%(CP30)、33%(CP33)、36%(CP36)、39%(CP39)和42%(CP42)的5组等脂饲料。将450尾多鳞白甲鱼三龄亲鱼[(26.53±0.37)g]随机分为5组,每组三个重复,分别饲喂以上5组试验饲料。经过66 d饲喂,测定鱼体生长、生物学性状、体组成并进行鱼体性腺组织学观察。结果表明,不同蛋白水平下多鳞白甲鱼亲鱼生长无显著差异;雌鱼腹腔脂肪指数与性腺指数均随饲料蛋白水平的增加而增加,其中性腺指数在CP39组达最高水平(P0.05),腹腔脂肪指数在CP36~CP42组即达最高水平,雌鱼其它生物学性状与雄鱼各生物学性状在组间均无显著差异。随饲料蛋白水平的升高,鱼体性腺粗蛋白含量下降,全鱼或肌肉粗蛋白含量不受影响(P0.05)。随蛋白水平的增加,鱼体腹腔脂肪组织和性腺分别与饲料脂肪酸的相关系数均呈增加趋势。随饲料蛋白水平的增加,雌鱼卵母细胞个体越大,发育成熟度越高,但当蛋白水平过高(39%~42%),雌鱼卵母细胞呈现一定的过熟状态。结果显示,饲料蛋白水平的增加不影响多鳞白甲鱼亲鱼的生长,但对雌鱼性腺发育有影响,多鳞白甲鱼亲鱼的蛋白需求水平以36%~39%为宜。     

《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》释义(续)

三、标准的公布饲料和饲料添加剂的国家标准由国家质量技术监督局公布 ;行业标准由农业部公布 ;地方标准由地方标准化行政主管部门公布 ;企业标准由生产企业自行制定。第七条　首次进口饲料、饲料添加剂的 ,应当向国务院农业行政主管部门申请登记 ,并提供该饲料、饲料添加剂的样品和下列资料 :(一 )商标、标签和推广应用情况 ;(二 )生产国批准生产、销售的证明和生产国以外的其他国家的登记材料 ;(三 )本条例第五条规定的资料。前款饲料、饲料添加剂经审查确认安全、有效、不污染环境的 ,由国务院农业行政主管部门颁发产品登记证。【释义】…     

水产饲料蛋白结构化加工技术

饲料配合器(compounders)能利用湿挤压技术使水产饲料中某些动植物蛋白结构化(texturized),生产出具有较高稳定性的挤压颗粒。这样的加工方法还能使水产饲料获得可与天然食物媲美的肉样的特性,从而提高鱼虾的食欲。对水产饲料特别是对虾饲料的一个主要要求是耐水性或水稳定性。挤压方法可达到这一要求,而优越于常规的颗粒生产方法。挤压方法所形成的蛋白和淀粉的内部基质能赋与饲料以水稳定性。不同于主要生产下沉型饲料的碾磨法,挤压法可以生产出下沉型、缓慢下沉型和漂浮型饲料。这是通过改变挤压     

高粱的加工、粒度和水分对饲料制粒和肉鸡生长性能的影响

本研究旨在评价不同水分和颗粒粒度的高粱制粒或膨化对不同原料粒度、肉鸡代谢能、氨基酸回肠消化率和肉鸡生长性能的影响。试验以720只雄性雏鸡为研究对象,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。试验处理以2×2×2因子设计,即2种加工方式(制粒和膨化),2个调质水分(1.6%和0.8%),2个颗粒粉碎粒度(650和850μm)。结果显示:在添加1.6%水分的膨化日粮中,制粒制粒和颗粒耐久指数较高。850μm的粒径增加了饲料颗粒耐久指数。各处理组对肉鸡日增重和屠体性状均无显著影响(P>0.05)。在10~13 d饲喂颗粒饲料和添加1.6%水分的饲料的肉鸡表观代谢能和氮校正代谢能均较高(P<0.05),与添加膨化性饲料相比,高粱制粒饲料回肠赖氨酸和甘氨酸消化系数显著提高(P<0.05)。在评价饲料加湿效果时,饲料添加1.6%水分后赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、胱氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸和精氨酸回肠表观消化系数显著升高(P<0.05)。1.6%水分的膨化饲料较0.8%水分显著提高了21 d肉鸡采食量(P<0.05),在42 d时,0.8%水分的颗粒饲料显著提高了采食量(P<0.05)。结论:以650μm的粉碎粒度和1.6%的水分制备颗粒饲料在肉鸡生长后期可以提高回肠氨基酸消化率和表观代谢能,而膨化工艺提高了42 d肉鸡饲料颗粒制粒和饲料转化率。     

猪肉质性状与生长性状的相关性研究

旨在研究杜长大三元杂猪肉质性状与生长性状的相关性。试验选取419头杜长大三元杂商品猪，其中阉公猪209头，母猪210头。所有试验猪在相同环境下统一饲养至150日龄后进行屠宰测定，分析不同日增重(ADG)、日均采食量(ADFI)和饲料转化率(FCR)对肉质性状(肉色、肌内脂肪含量、大理石纹、电导率、水分含量、pH值)的影响及性状间相关性。研究结果表明，杜长大猪肉质性状的变异系数比生长性状高，其中电导率、大理石纹和肌内脂肪含量的变异系数均超过20%,提示该性状具有较大的遗传改良空间；不同生长性状对肉质性状的影响结果表明，高日增重组(ADG>1 000 g)猪的pH值和水分含量均显著高于低日增重组(ADG≤900 g)(P<0.05),而肌内脂肪含量随日增重的增加而下降；高日均采食量组(ADFI>2 400 g)猪的肌内脂肪含量显著高于中、低日均采食量组(2 2000.26、2.4相似文献   

降低饲料中植物性蛋白水平对鲤幼鱼生长和肌肉营养成分及转氨酶活力的影响

研究分析了降低饲料中植物性蛋白水平对鲤幼鱼生长性能、肌肉营养成分及转氨酶活力的影响。试验共设5组不同的饲料,植物蛋白水平依次为27.4%、26.9%、26.3%、25.8%、25.2%,分别记为P0组(对照组)、P1、P2、P3、P4组。试验用鲤幼鱼的平均体质量为(12±1.18)g,每组饲料设置3个重复,试验周期为8周。结果表明:对照组P0组的增重率、特定生长率显著高于其他各组(P0.05);对照组P0组的蛋白质效率显著高于除P4组的其他各组(P0.05),饵料系数显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。鲤肌肉粗蛋白质含量受饲料蛋白水平降低的影响不显著(P0.05),试验鲤肌肉水分、粗脂肪及灰分含量随饲料植物性蛋白的降低均显著下降,以P2组水分及粗脂肪降为最低。肌肉中总氨基酸含量与EAA/TAA值均先升高后降低。从鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例来看,P4组占比最高。鲤肝胰脏谷草转氨酶活力受饲料蛋白水平降低的影响不显著(P0.05),P1组的肝胰脏谷丙转氨酶活力显著低于其他各组(P0.05),P1组的谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶值显著高于P2组、P3组和P4组(P0.05)。综合分析,在本试验条件下,适当降低饲料中植物性蛋白水平,可改善肌肉品质及风味,并起到护肝作用,但适宜鲤生长的植物性蛋白水平为27.4%,即饲料蛋白水平仍为32%。     

水产饲料造粒过程中三聚氰胺形成机理的研究

对我国饲料原料、水产饲料产品中三聚氰胺含量(CMA)背景值的调查及其变化趋势的研究发现,绝大多数饲料原料CMA<0.25 mg/kg;自2009年以来,水产饲料的CMA持续以2倍以上的速度递减;至2011年,饲料中CMA大多数低于0.25 mg/kg的低残留水平,且未发现CMA超标的现象。水产饲料造粒前后CMA的对比试验表明:饲料在挤压造粒过程中存在着三聚氰胺的增量(ΔCMA),且增量值的大小与其饲料原料中CMA背景值密切相关。经过对饲料中形成ΔCMA主要影响因素的探讨试验结果发现:尿素在饲料挤压造粒过程中或许能够产生微小ΔCMA,但不可能是引起饲料中三聚氰胺超标的主要因素;而形成饲料原料中CMA较大残留背景值、并引起饲料在造粒过程中产生较大ΔCMA主要影响因素是原料中非法添加缩二脲类"蛋白精"。     

不同水平的蚯蚓和蚯蚓粪对草鱼肌肉品质的影响

实验在基础饲料中添加不同浓度的蚯蚓(5%、7.5%、10%)和蚯蚓粪(2%、4%、6%),饲养平均体重(54.03±0.15)g的草鱼100 d,研究蚯蚓和蚯蚓粪对草鱼肌肉品质的影响。结果表明:添加蚯蚓和蚯蚓粪可显著提高肌肉中粗蛋白的含量(P<0.05),以添加7.5%～10%蚯蚓和6%蚯蚓粪效果最好,对水分、粗脂肪和粗灰分均无显著影响(P>0.05);在肌肉氨基酸总量方面,除去2%蚯蚓粪组与对照组相比差异不显著外,其余实验组均显著高于对照组,并以添加7.5%蚯蚓实验组氨基酸总量最高;在肌肉必需氨基酸含量方面,7.5%蚯蚓组显著高于对照组,其余各实验组有高于对照组的趋势;在肌肉鲜味氨基酸含量方面,各实验组间差异不显著;氨基酸营养价值评价结果表明,添加适量的蚯蚓和蚯蚓粪均可提高EAAI值,以添加7.5%蚯蚓时EAAI值最高。综上所述,添加一定浓度的蚯蚓和蚯蚓粪有改善草鱼肌肉品质的趋势,以添加7.5%蚯蚓时效果最好。     

Effects of oils on feed mildew and quality

This study was performed to determine the effects of oils on feed mildew and feed quality. Under different moisture content conditions (10%, 13% and 16%), the basal feeds were supplemented with 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% soybean oil. In addition, at different moisture content levels (10%, 13% and 16%), the basal feed was supplemented with 12% of various types of oil (soybean, peanut, corn and fish). Subsequently, a mixed mold spore suspension was added. The feed samples were incubated at 28°C, and the total mold, water activity (Aw), moisture, acid value, crude protein (CP), crude lipid (CL), crude ash (CA) and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) levels were determined at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. The results showed no significant variations in the feed moisture, CP, CL, CA and NEF contents. However, the acid value gradually increased in the feed samples with an extended incubation time and increasing initial moisture. The feed moisture content was a critical factor controlling feed mildew, and high levels of oil supplementation caused an elevated Aw. Additionally, peanut oil promoted mold growth in feed. These results provide a reference for the production and scientific management of formulated feed.     

循环流水槽养殖草鱼与池塘精养草鱼营养品质比较

为了解循环流水槽养殖草鱼与池塘精养草鱼营养品质的差异,选取相同饲料源的循环流水槽养殖草鱼[平均体重:(723.89±71.54)g,平均体长:(340.86±8.88)mm]和池塘精养草鱼[平均体重:(680.35±155.13)g,平均体长:(334.00±21.40)mm]各12尾,测定形态指标与肌肉剪切力、质构特性、色泽以及常规营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果显示:1)循环流水槽养殖草鱼的硬度、黏性、咀嚼性、回复性和剪切力均显著高于池塘精养草鱼(P<0.05)。2)循环流水槽养殖草鱼的肌肉水分含量显著低于池塘精养草鱼(P<0.05),肌肉粗脂肪含量低于池塘精养草鱼,但差异不显著(P>0.05),肌肉粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量均高于池塘精养草鱼,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)循环流水槽养殖草鱼的肌肉氨基酸总量(TAA)、必需氨基酸总量(TEAA)和呈味氨基酸总量(TDAA)高于池塘精养草鱼,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。循环流水槽养殖草鱼和池塘精养草鱼肌肉中TAA分别为77.11%和76.61%,TEAA和TDAA分别占TAA的40.87%和40.43%、46.10%和46.06%。4)循环流水槽养殖草鱼肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)占脂肪酸总量的百分比(69.68%)高于池塘精养草鱼(68.44%),但差异不显著(P>0.05)。循环流水槽养殖草鱼和池塘精养草鱼肌肉中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)占脂肪酸总量的百分比分别为21.78%和18.58%,两者差异显著(P<0.05)。循环流水槽养殖草鱼肌肉中未检测到二十碳五烯酸(EPA),二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量为0.44%;池塘精养草鱼肌肉中EPA含量为0.10%,DHA含量为0.55%。5)循环流水槽养殖草鱼肌肉中钾、镁、铁、铜含量显著高于池塘精养草鱼(P<0.05),钠、锌显著低于池塘精养草鱼(P<0.05)。由此得出,循环流水槽养殖草鱼的营养品质总体上优于池塘精养草鱼。     

10种羔羊全价颗粒饲料的常规营养成分测定及其比较

对陕西省北部某市常用的10种羔羊全价颗粒饲料常规营养成分进行了测定,并利用Excel 2013软件对所得的数据进行了统计分析。结果表明,10种不同饲料样品的粗蛋白、粗纤维、总发热量、总磷、粗灰分、粗脂肪、水分等营养成分之间都有极显著性差异存在（P〈0.01）,而钙含量却差异不显著（P〉0.05）。     

Effect of fat content on sensory characteristics of marbled beef from Japanese Black steers

To analyze the sensory characteristics of meat samples with a crude fat content between 23.8% and 48.6% taken from 34 Japanese Black steers, we grilled the meat and subjected it to analytical sensory evaluation. We also measured the amounts of moisture, protein, nucleic acid and glutamic acid. An increase in crude fat content increased the tenderness, juiciness, and fattiness in the meat quality evaluation. An increase in crude fat content reduced the crude protein and moisture contents; it also slightly reduced the nucleic acid and glutamic acid contents, although when the reductions in these umami components were assessed relative to the moisture content they changed little. Increasing the fat content up to a certain point greatly enhanced the umami intensity and beef flavor intensity in the meat quality evaluation and raised the overall evaluation score; the peak of the appropriate crude fat content for these purposes was about 36%.     

Comparison of the guaranteed analysis with the measured nutrient composition of commercial pet foods

The purpose of this study was to compare the guaranteed analysis of commercial pet foods to their measured nutrient concentrations. Data were collected regarding the guaranteed and measured concentrations of crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, moisture and ash of pet foods from annual feed inspection reports from South Dakota (2003–2005), Indiana (2004–2005), Rhode Island, New York and New Jersey (2005–2006). The difference for each nutrient was compared among types of food (dry, canned or treat), intended species, target life‐stages, manufacturers and reporting laboratories. Significant differences between the guaranteed and measured nutrient concentrations were found. For all foods, the mean ± one standard deviation of the difference was 1.5 ± 2.0% for crude protein, 1.0 ± 1.7% for crude fat, ‐0.7 ± 1.3% for crude fibre, ‐4.0 ± 3.3% for moisture, and ‐0.5 ± 1.0% for ash. The difference in crude protein was significantly greater for treats than for other food types. The difference in crude fat was significantly less for dry foods than for other food types. The differences in crude fibre and moisture were significantly less for canned foods than for other food types. Only the differences in crude fibre differed significantly among target species, life‐stages, manufacturers or laboratories. More accurate estimations of the nutrient composition and calculated metabolizable energy content of commercial pet foods can be obtained by making adjustments to the guaranteed analysis. This includes adding 1.5% and 1% to the guaranteed minimums for crude protein and crude fat, respectively, and subtracting 0.7%, 4% and 0.5% from the guaranteed maximums for crude fibre, moisture and ash, respectively.     

Determination of feeding value on simple food characteristics. 2. Determination of food energy value of green feeds]

Regression analyses had been made to find interrelationships between the crude fibre content and the EFr content of green feeds. Regression equations were obtained from these analyses which were used to calculate the EFr values, with a sufficient degree of accuracy, from data on the crude fibre content. In these equations the b values were found to be by far more clearly differentiated than in the equations used for calculating digestibility values. These are apparently influenced by the composition of the feeds. The range of variations appears to be only slightly affected when we compare the data with those obtained in calculations made to established the total digestibility values. This is a fact that applies to both the green feeds and their conservation products. Studies investigating the relationships between the content of digestible organic matter (VOS) and EFr (as expressed by the conversion factor (see article) showed that the EFr data could be established, with a fair degree of accuracy, from the VOS values. The f values of the different feeds that were classified into particular groups of feeding-stuffs, were shown to agree fairly well; moreover, they were found to be largely independent of exogenic factors (such as vegetation and N fertilizing). Characteristic differences between the f values of the different conservation products and those of the green feeds were observed although these differences remained within narrow limits (1-3%), so that calculations can be made using only a few factors. When starch equivalents were taken into account it was found that the f values used in calculations for starch equivalents were clearly influenced by feed composition, which, in turn, was influenced by the particular effect of crude values in SE calculations. It is at this point that differences between the two systems of Food Evaluation become particularly apparent. The close relations existing between VOS and EFr values apply, first and foremost, to green feeds and their conservation products. Much wider differences in the f values of different feeds may be observed in the case of foodstuffs having a much more extreme composition. The f values of feedingstuffs with high protein content (e.g. blood meal) may be decreased down to a value of 0.7 while those of foodstuffs rich in fat (e.g. oil cakes or foodstuffs of animal origin containing a high percentage of fat) may be increased up to and over 1.4. In these cases, special circumstances have to be taken into consideration.     

大麦虫幼虫粉营养成分及其储藏特性分析

以大麦虫幼虫为研究对象,采用国家标准测定分析幼龄和老龄大麦虫幼虫粉中水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、部分维生素、矿物质元素、氨基酸及脂肪酸组成,并在此基础上,探索分析幼虫粉的储藏特性.结果表明,幼龄期和老龄期鲜活幼虫中水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质和粗灰分的含量分别为58.13%和52.65%、16.68%和18.03%、18.71%和16.84%、1.52%和1.89%;幼龄期和老龄期幼虫粉中粗脂肪含量分别为30.02%和33.80%,其中不饱和脂肪酸所占比例分别为58.12%和58.68%,尤其是油酸和亚油酸所占比例较高;饱和脂肪酸的含量所占比例分别为41.88%和38.12%,其中棕榈酸所占比例较高(分别为30.63%和28.80%);幼龄期和老龄期幼虫粉中粗蛋白质含量分别为49.12%和45.70%;两者均含有17种氨基酸(色氨酸未测),氨基酸总量分别为42.66和39.36 g/100 g,其中畜禽必需氨基酸所占比例较高,分别为44.82%和44.41%;此外,幼虫粉中含有丰富的维生素及矿物质元素,维生素中维生素E(VE)、维生素C(VC)及维生素B₂(VB₂)含量较高,矿物质元素中钾(K)、磷(P)、锌(Zn)及铁(Fe)含量较高.幼虫粉随贮藏时间延长,温度、相对湿度及水分含量越高,酸败越明显;幼虫粉合理的储藏条件为:温度≤20 ℃,相对湿度≤60%,水分<10.0%.因此,大麦虫幼虫粉营养价值极高,可作为新型饲料资源应用于动物生产中.     

粗放式管理条件下饲料营养对林麝麝香品质影响的研究

为了了解粗放式管理条件下饲料营养水平与麝香品质的关系，2008--2010年间对山西省宝鸡市凤县一养麝场泌香期雄麝饲料调整前后麝香的品质进行了比较研究。结果表明，调整后泌香期雄麝饲料主要营养成分为粗蛋白22．5％、粗脂肪4．8％、粗纤维9．1％、灰分5．7％、无氮浸出物56．7％，Ca：P为1：1，饲喂调整饲料后，麝香的麝香酮含量为3．2％（标准〉12．0％）、总灰分为4．2％（标准≤6．5％）、含水量为51．4％（标准≤35。0％），麝香性状符合中国药典中的麝香标准指标，表明调整后饲料营养水平符合泌香期雄麝的营养需要。     

俄罗斯引进鲁梅克斯新品种在黑龙江省的推广种植

黑龙江省北部全年低温时间较长,西部地区土地盐碱化严重,是制约黑龙江农牧业发展的两大主要因素。为了筛选出与黑龙江省气候和土壤类型相适应的牧草,本研究对从俄罗斯引进的鲁梅克斯新品种‘ЩавельЧемпион’在黑龙江省不同积温带的5个具有代表性的种植点阿城、肇州、逊克、嫩江和呼玛的农艺性状和营养价值进行研究。结果表明,该品种在肇州的生长状况明显差于其它地区,而在嫩江的生长状况明显优于其它地区;产量则表现为阿城、逊克和嫩江较高,产量均在150t·hm-2以上,肇州和呼玛略低,但产量也均在120t·hm-2以上。从营养数据可以看出,阿城种植区的粗蛋白及粗脂肪含量显著高于其它地区(P0.05),其中粗蛋白为18.41%,粗脂肪为3.82%;肇州种植区的粗纤维含量显著低于其它地区,含量为10.75%,而粗灰分含量显著高于(P0.05)其它各种植区,达到14.85%;嫩江种植区钙含量显著高于其它地区;肇州种植区的干物质含量显著高于其它地区。结果表明,引进新品种‘ЩавельЧемпион’适应性强,能够在黑龙江省不同区域不同土壤上种植并推广。