1株锦鲤致病性嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

从患病锦鲤体内分离得到1株细菌ML1,经人工感染后发现ML1具有较高的致病性,临床症状与自然发病症状一致,96 h的LD50为5.0×107cfu/m L。ML1菌株革兰染色呈阴性,杆状。16S rRNA基因序列分析结果显示,序列片段长度为1 419 bp,ML1菌株在系统发育树上与嗜水气单胞菌聚类,相似性达到100%。综合VITEK 2 Compact全自动微生物鉴定仪的生理生化特征分析、形态学观察、人工感染以及16S rRNA基因序列分析,将ML1菌株鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌。ML1菌株的最适生长p H为7~9,最适生长温度为28℃。在28℃200 r/min条件下的生长周期是:0~4 h为生长延迟期,4~10 h为对数生长期,10~24 h为稳定期,24~48 h为衰亡期。药敏试验表明,ML1菌株对多黏霉素B、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星等高度敏感,对磺胺异恶唑中度敏感,对麦迪霉素、氨苄西林、林可霉素等不敏感。研究结果为指导临床合理用药提供了科学依据。     

鲢病原嗜水气单胞菌分离鉴定及检测方法的建立

为鉴定江苏高邮市某养殖场混养鲢死亡原因,本研究对濒死鱼进行细菌分离纯化、常规理化特性、分子生物学和致病性试验鉴定以及药敏性检测.鉴定结果表明,分离菌对健康鲢具有较强的致病性,其LD50为5× 106.75 cfu/mL,根据其表型特征、理化特性及分子生物学鉴定,分离菌为气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)的嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila),其16S rRNA和gyrB基因序列分别为1 460 bp和1 171 bp;药敏试验结果显示,分离菌对37种抗生素中氨曲南、氟苯尼考、庆大霉素等12种抗生素敏感.另外,根据A.hydrophila的气溶素aerA基因设计引物,建立了PCR检测方法,该方法可以扩增出280 bp的aerA基因片段,其最低检出量为3×104 cfu/mL.本研究对A.hydrophila导致鲢出血死亡病原菌的分离鉴定以及建立的该菌检测方法,对鲢健康养殖和病害防治具有重要的意义.     

罗非鱼嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定

北京某鱼场饲养的罗非鱼陆续发病死亡,其体表鳞片局部出血,肝、胰、脾脏肿大坏死,肠腔积水等,从病死及濒死罗非鱼的肝、胰脏中分离到 ４ 株细菌,经形态学、生理生化特性及血清凝集试验,鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌。４ 株细菌均能致死小鼠和鲢鱼。药敏试验表明,４ 株细菌对环丙沙星、蒽诺沙星高度敏感,而对青霉素和红霉素不敏感。     

鸭源致病性嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定与生物学特性分析

为了解嗜水气单胞菌的肉鸭健康带毒、致病与耐药情况,对贵州省三穗县某肉鸭屠宰场临床健康肉鸭随机取样,进行嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定、毒力基因检测及耐药性分析。结果显示,分离菌具有嗜水气单胞菌典型的培养特征,菌落形态、菌体形态和生化特性均与嗜水气单胞菌相符;16 S rRNA基因序列系统进化树显示,该分离菌与嗜水气单胞菌聚为一支,同源性均>99%;动物回归试验显示,该分离菌对小鼠有较强的致病性;毒力基因PCR检测显示,该分离菌携带aer、hly、epa、act、alt和ahp等6种毒力基因;药敏试验结果显示,该分离菌对复方新诺明、磺胺嘧啶、环丙沙星和诺氟沙星等15种药物耐药;耐药基因PCR检测显示,该分离菌携带qnrB、Sul1和IntI1等3种耐药基因,与药敏试验表型相符。研究结果为嗜水气单胞菌的生物学特性研究及防控提供参考依据。     

一株嗜水气单胞菌噬菌体的分离鉴定与生物学特性

本试验以嗜水气单胞菌CVCC-4002为宿主从鲤鱼内脏中分离得到一株噬菌体,命名为BLCC16-001,用PEG8000浓缩、超速离心获得高纯度的噬菌体进行电镜观察.测定噬菌体宿主谱、最佳感染复数(MOI)、一步生长曲线、热稳定性、pH稳定性及噬菌体体外杀菌效果.结果表明:电镜下,噬菌体BLCC16-001头部直径约6...     

锦鲤致病性嗜水气单胞菌分离和药敏试验

从北京某渔场发病锦鲤中分离出8株细菌。经形态学、生化特性鉴定有凝集试验，证明其中3株为嗜水气单胞菌。通过溶血试验、脱脂奶琼脂平板法、Dot-ELISA法及动物试验，显示这3株菌均能产生溶血毒素和胞外蛋白酶，并能致死小鼠。药敏试验表明它们对常用抗生素呈不同程度的耐药性。     

马来穿山甲源嗜水气单胞菌亚种的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

为鉴定马来穿山甲(Manis javanica)腿部致病菌并研究其致病性、耐药性和耐药基因,从救护的1只马来穿山甲腿部溃烂处采集样品,无菌分离培养致病菌,进行形态学观察、革兰氏染色及16S rRNA和gyrB基因测序分析,并开展细菌药敏试验和小鼠致病性试验,随后通过PCR扩增6种毒力基因(rtxA、earA、hlyA、alt、act、epa)及19种耐药基因(5种β-内酰胺酶相关基因、6种氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因、6种氯霉素耐药基因、2种磺胺耐药基因)。结果显示:分离的1株优势菌为革兰氏阴性短杆菌,经16S rRNA和gyrB基因测序以及序列进化树分析鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌亚种(Aeromonas dhakensis),其gyrB基因序列与马来西亚分离株高度同源,推测此致病菌可能由非法走私的穿山甲从马来西亚携带至我国。药敏试验显示,其对头孢曲松、头孢克肟、庆大霉素和氧氟沙星等药物敏感,对青霉素、阿莫西林、头孢氨苄、头孢克洛、氯霉素、磺胺甲恶唑、甲氧苄啶和林可霉素耐药。4种耐药基因tem、aac(3)-II、flor、sul2为阳性,与抗生素耐药表型相符。4种毒力基因earA、hlyA、alt、act为阳性,小鼠半数致死量为3.75×10^(6 )CFU/mL。根据药敏结果使用敏感抗菌药物治疗穿山甲,其腿部患处有好转。因此,引起穿山甲腿部溃烂的病原嗜水气单胞菌亚种(Aeromonas dhakensis)可能为国外传入菌株,具有较强的致病性和多重耐药性。本研究为嗜水气单胞菌的流行病学调查及其感染的防治提供了依据。     

鱼嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定

从陕西省甘养殖场送检的病鱼中分离到1株革兰氏阴性杆菌，培养特征观察笔生化特性分析结果证实为嗜水气单胞菌；小鼠和金鱼致病性试验证实分离菌具有致病性；药敏试验结果表明该菌对链毒素、万古霉素等高度敏感，对羧苄青霉素、氟哌酸等不敏感。用该菌制成灭活免疫金鱼保护力可达到80％以上。     

瑶山亚种树鼩源嗜水性气单胞菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

为确诊广西中医药大学瑶山亚种树鼩人工驯化养殖中心的瑶山亚种树鼩发病死亡原因,并调查分离菌株的致病性与耐药情况,试验通过平板划线分离获得病原菌,进一步对分离菌进行形态观察、培养特性、生化试验及16S rRNA序列分析,纯化获得一株致病性嗜水性气单胞菌;利用昆明小鼠的致病性试验测定了该分离菌株的半数致死量（LD₅₀）,利用药敏纸片法分析该分离株对常用药物的敏感性,并应用PCR方法进行菌株耐药基因的检测。结果显示,从病死瑶山亚种树鼩分离到一株嗜水性气单胞菌,镜检显示为革兰氏阴性菌,形态呈短杆状。该菌16S rRNA序列与日本淡水湖源嗜水性气单胞菌SWCY-3.27株同源性高达100%,遗传进化关系最近。该分离菌对成年昆明小鼠的LD₅₀为1×10⁷ CFU,毒力高于模式菌株ATCC 7966,近似于中国流行株NJ-35和J-1等,致病性试验鉴定该菌为强毒力菌株。生化鉴定七叶苷、阿拉伯糖、氧化酶呈阳性,各种生化鉴定符合嗜水气单胞菌生化特性。药敏检测显示,该菌株对米诺环素、链霉素、妥布霉素等9种药物敏感,对四环素、红霉素、青霉素等10种药物耐药。以PCR扩增基因方法对分离菌进行6类12种耐药基因的检测,发现分离菌存在氨基糖苷类（Aph-（3）-lia）和β-内酰胺类（mecA）两类抗生素的耐药基因,与药敏试验结果基本吻合。本研究结果表明,引起此次树鼩死亡的病原菌为嗜水性气单胞菌,可用高敏药物进行针对性治疗,为防治嗜水性气单胞菌感染导致的树鼩疾病提供参考依据。     

锦鲤溃疡病病原菌的分离及16SrRNA鉴定

为寻找引起养殖锦鲤(Ornamental carp)病害的致病因子,从北京地区自然患病的锦鲤体内分离疑似致病菌,再将此菌人工感染健康锦鲤,确定致病菌。采用生理生化鉴定与16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育学分析相结合的方法确定该致病菌株的系统发育地位,同时采用琼脂扩散法测定该菌对抗菌类药物的敏感性。试验结果表明,从病鱼体内分离得到革兰氏阴性杆菌CL0901,人工感染健康锦鲤后,能够引起鱼生病甚至死亡,症状与自然发病症状一致。菌株CL0901与Aeromonas veronii ATCC 35624T的16S rRNA基因序列相似性达99.9%,构建系统发育树,并结合形态特征与生理生化测定结果,将该致病菌鉴定为维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)。在21种抗菌类药物对该菌的抑菌试验中,左氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星和洛美沙星等10种药物的抑菌效果较好。本研究为进一步防制锦鲤养殖病害提供依据。     

框镜鲤嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定

以患病濒死的框镜鲤为材料,得到1株细菌,动物回归试验证明其具有较强的致病性,然后对病原菌的形态学、培养特性、理化特性、16SrRNA序列分析等生物学特性进行了鉴定与分析。结果表明,该菌株为嗜水气单胞菌。     

Differences between the European carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) and the coloured carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) in susceptibility to Thelohanellus nikolskii (Myxosporea) infection

Thelohanellus nikolskii infection of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) has been a common parasitosis in the Central European fish farms since the first detection of the parasite about 20 years ago. This parasite, introduced from the Far East, causes intensive infection on the fins of fingerlings of the carp subspecies cultured in Europe (European carp, Cyprinus carpio carpio). This infection of the common carp occurs in the Hungarian fish farms every year. Until the present study, this parasite had not been recorded from the fins of koi or coloured carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus), a carp of Far Eastern origin, which is cultured in Hungary as an ornamental fish. A recent survey conducted in common carp, koi and goldfish stocks demonstrated that T. nikolskii infection of low prevalence and intensity occurs also in koi populations, but its prevalence and intensity are markedly lower than in common carp kept in the same ponds. It is suggested that the observed differences are due to disparities in the susceptibility of the two carp subspecies to T. nikolskii, and that the koi is less susceptible to this infection. Other signs of susceptibility can also be observed in the European subspecies, since in 15% of the fish plasmodium development was arrested at an early stage. Thelohanellus nikolskii infection could not be demonstrated on goldfish (Carassius auratus).     

Starvation-induced pathobiology in the gut of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

In order to assess the effects of starvation on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (i-IEL) count and histological changes of the carp gut mucosa, one group of fish (n = 10) were fed commercially prepared standard diets and another group of fish (n = 10) were starved for 4 weeks. Carp starved for 4 weeks developed enteropathy, comprising folds atrophy, stratum compactum hyperplasia, significant periodic-acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive (P < 0.00001), but not Alcian blue (ALB)-positive, goblet cell (GC) hyperplasia and a significant decrease (P < 0.00001) in i-IEL numbers. These changes were associated with a dense cellular infiltrate into the lamina propria. Taken together, these data suggest that the pathobiology of starvation-induced i-IELs decrease, matching PAS-positive goblet cell proliferation and inflammatory cells homing to the gut, could be classified as a non-infectious enteropathy induced by starvation.     

Morphology of blood cells in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The morphology of blood cells in the carp was investigated by light and electron microscopy. Erythrocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes were identified as the peripheral blood cells. Thrombocytes were round to long oval, each containing vesicular and microtubular structures and an oval nucleus with abundant heterochromatins. Lymphocytes were divided into three types in size, small, medium and large. Some of the small and medium lymphocytes were alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) positive, while large lymphocytes were pyroninophilic. Granulocytes were distinguished into three types (type I, type II and type III) according to the morphology of the nucleus and granules. Type I granulocytes possessed lobulated nuclei and a large number of cytoplasmic granules, each of which was oval and contained electron-dense materials and a crystalloid. Type II granulocytes had small eccentric nuclei and were subdivided into IIa and IIb granulocytes by electron microscopic analysis. Granules of type IIa granulocytes were furnished with an electron-dense rim. Granules of type IIb granulocytes were larger than those of type IIa, containing randomly distributed electron-dense and electron-lucent materials. Type III granulocytes possessed round nuclei and a few large granules. The granules were filled with regularly arranged fibriform materials and some needle-like structures. Monocytes were morphologically similar to those of mammals.     

Identification of spring viraemia in carp (Cyprinus carpio L) in Great Britain.

An investigation into a mortality of carp revealed a virus which was identified serologically and morphologically as being identical to SVC virus. SVC is a serious disease of European carp farms and this is the first positive identification of this disease in Great Britain.