穿心莲对斑点叉尾鮰消化酶活性的影响

为研究穿心莲(Andrographis paniculata)对斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)消化酶活性的影响,试验选取平均体重为(5.92±0.63)g的健康斑点叉尾鮰270尾,随机分成9组(G0、G1、G2、G3、G4、G5、G6、G7、G8组),每组设3个重复,每个重复10尾鱼,每组分别投喂...     

体质量对斑点叉尾鮰幼鱼耗氧率的影响

为研究不同体质量对斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)幼鱼耗氧率的影响,采用封闭流水式法测定了2种不同规格(平均体质量分别为(1.80±0.05)g、(3.49±0.10)g)斑点叉尾鮰幼鱼耗氧率的变化情况.结果发现,斑点叉尾鮰幼鱼的耗氧率随着体质量的增加而降低(P＜0.05);两个处理组试验鱼晚上的平...     

HACCP体系在斑点叉尾鮰人工繁殖中的应用

在江西峡江和赣州进行了HACCP（Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point）体系在斑点叉尾鮰（Ictalurus punctatus）人工繁殖中的应用研究.应用HACCP的基本原理,对整个斑点叉尾鮰人工繁殖过程进行危害分析,确立了亲鱼培育池的选择、亲鱼种质选择、亲鱼产卵池的选择、受精卵孵化、苗种培育、水质监测、饲料供应、日常管理等8个关键控制点,提出了相应的预防措施、关键限值、监控措施以及超过关键限值时的纠正措施,使各关键控制点处于人为控制之下.实现了斑点叉尾鮰人工繁殖按无公害化、规范化、标准化生产.     

穿心莲对斑点叉尾(鮰)生长性能的影响

为研究穿心莲对斑点叉尾(鮰)生长性能的影响.设置8个试验组,每组3个重复,各试验组投喂穿心莲粉含量分别为0％,0.38％,0.75％,1.13％,1.88％,2.25％,2.63％和3.00％的饲料,试验周期为30 d.结果显示,各试验组鱼体的体质量增长率和特定生长率均随穿心莲添加量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中G4...     

发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对斑点叉尾生长和饲料表观消化率的影响

以发酵豆粕25%、50%、75%和100%的比例分别等量替代基础日粮中的鱼粉,研究了发酵豆粕对斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus)生长和饲料表观消化率的影响。结果显示:以25%～75%的发酵豆粕替代鱼粉时,斑点叉尾增重率、特定生长率、饲料干物质和粗蛋白的表观消化率比对照组稍高(P>0.05),饲料系数与对照组没有显著性差异(P>0.05);而以发酵豆粕100%的比例替代鱼粉时,上述5种指标与对照组无显著性差异。结果表明,斑点叉尾日粮中发酵豆粕可以100%替代鱼粉,其中以25%的比例替代效果更佳。     

三聚氰胺在斑点叉尾鮰体内的残留及代谢规律研究

(21±1)℃水温条件下,研究了三聚氰胺在斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)体内的残留消除规律。结果显示:血浆中药时数据符合有吸收一室开放模型,动力学方程为:C=3.952660(e-0.027279t-e-0.127279t),吸收半衰期(T1/2kα)为5.4469 h,消除半衰期(T1/2ke)为25.4093 h,达峰时间(Tp)为15.4045 h,达峰浓度(Cmax)为20.3985 mg/L,表观分布容积(Vd)为2.5763(mg/kg)/(mg/L)。肌肉、肝、肾中吸收半衰期(T1/2kα)分别为3.5582、4.1884、5.4397 h,消除半衰期(T1/2ke)为50.8081、23.3504、23.7242 h,达峰时间(Tp)为14.6766、12.6524、14.9967 h,达峰浓度(Cmax)为7.6449、22.9249、40.6047 mg/L,表观分布容积(Vd)为8.5657、2.3970、1.2712(mg/kg)/(mg/L)。结果表明:药物在体内吸收迅速,药物浓度较高,分布广泛,消除较为缓慢。以80 mg/kg剂量混饲口灌3 d后,各组织中三聚氰胺含量总体呈现肾脏>肝脏>肌肉。停止灌药后第5天肌肉中及第7天肝脏和肾脏组织中三聚氰胺含量低于我国(2008)卫生部公布的乳制品及含乳食品中三聚氰胺临时管理限量值和欧盟对中国进口产品设定了三聚氰胺的最大残留限2.5 mg/kg。     

斑点叉尾鮰体色异常症的治疗

斑点叉尾鱼鮰Ictalurus Punctatus(Rafinesque)亦称沟鲶(Channel Catfish)，属于鲶形目(Siluriformes)、鮰科(Ictaluridae)，体型较长，体前部宽于后部，头较小，吻稍尖，口亚端位，体表光滑无鳞，粘液丰富，侧线完全，皮肤上有明显的侧线孔。头部上下颌具有深灰色触须4对。颐部有较明显而不规则的斑点，体重大于0．5kg的个体斑点消失；具有脂鳍1个，尾鳍分叉较深，各鳍均为深灰色；体两侧背部淡灰色，腹部乳白色，幼鱼体两侧有明显而不规则的斑点，成鱼斑点逐步不明显或消失。试验结果表明，斑点叉尾鮰适温范围为0～3812，生长摄食温度为5～36．5℃．最适生长温度为18～34℃。     

HACCP体系在斑点叉尾人工繁殖中的应用

在江西峡江和赣州进行了HACCP(Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point)体系在斑点叉尾(Ictaluruspunctatus)人工繁殖中的应用研究。应用HACCP的基本原理,对整个斑点叉尾人工繁殖过程进行危害分析,确立了亲鱼培育池的选择、亲鱼种质选择、亲鱼产卵池的选择、受精卵孵化、苗种培育、水质监测、饲料供应、日常管理等8个关键控制点,提出了相应的预防措施、关键限值、监控措施以及超过关键限值时的纠正措施,使各关键控制点处于人为控制之下。实现了斑点叉尾人工繁殖按无公害化、规范化、标准化生产。     

不同商品饲料对生长、体色及肝脏组织结构的影响

本试验评估了(Ictalurus punctatus)主产区4种商品颗粒饲料(分别记为S1、S2、S3和S4,其中S4为膨化饲料,其他均为颗粒饲料)和自行设计的颗粒饲料(记为S5)对试验阶段生长性能、体色变异、肝胰脏组织结构及形态指标的影响。7周的饲喂试验结果显示:饲料蛋白含量为38%的S4膨化饲料可明显的提高养殖鱼的体重,平均增重率为262.6%,但存活率较低,仅为72.3%;而喂养S5饲料组的增重率为168.89%,且存活率为92.4%,高于其他饲料组。养殖结束后,不同试验组的肥满度、脏体比有所差异,但均未达到显著性水平(P>0.05)。投喂S2饲料组养殖鱼体体色发白比较明显,体色异常比例高达91%;S4饲料组养殖后体色发白也比较明显,体色异常比例为72.3%;对背部黑色素扫描研究进一步证实饲喂S2饲料和S4饲料的黑色素细胞发生了变化,黑色素细胞边缘变得模糊,而自配S5饲料的黑色素细胞树突状分支较多;饲喂S4饲料组的背部斑点比例为12.15%,而S2饲料组的背部斑点比例为26.38%,自配S5饲料组的背部斑点比例为35.69%,S4饲料组的斑点比例明显较低。     

斑点叉尾［鱼回］苗种全长与体重的关系

本文运用生物学统计方法对2700尾斑点叉尾［鱼回］苗种全长与体重的关系进行了研究。结果表明,在本试验条件下,斑点叉尾［鱼回］苗种全长主要集中在15．5—17．5cm,体重主要集中在20～35g;体重与全长之间存在极显著相关关系;体重与全长之间的关系主要表现为幂函数关系,其关系式为Y=0．009X2．933。     

投喂频率对斑点叉尾鮰幼鱼生长、饲料利用和鱼体组成的影响

通过8周的生长试验,研究斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)幼鱼(初始体重约4.5 g)的最适投喂频率。试验饲料为自制配合饲料,粗蛋白38%,总能19.0 kJ/g。设计了1～5次/d(M1-M5)5种投喂频率。结果表明:M2、M3、M4组摄食率均显著高于M1和M5组(P<0.05),其中M4组最大。M3、M4、M5组的特定生长率均显著高于M1组(P<0.05),其中M3组最大。M2、M3、M4、M5组的干物质表观消化率均显著高于M1组(P<0.05),M3和M4组的蛋白和能量表观消化率均显著高于M1和M2组(P<0.05)。M3组干物质含量显著高于M1和M2组(P<0.05),M2、M3、M4和M5组的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和能量含量均显著高于M1组(P<0.05)。因此,本研究建议,斑点叉尾鮰幼鱼养殖的最适投喂频率为3次/d。     

斑点叉尾胚胎及卵黄囊期仔鱼发育的观察

试验对斑点叉尾的胚胎及卵黄囊期仔鱼形态发育的过程进行观察、描述,研究了其发育特征。结果表明：斑点叉尾受精卵在水温24±1℃时,出膜时间（胚胎期）约为147h 30min。水温25±1℃时,斑点叉尾鮰卵黄囊期约为134h。     

Effects of Water Temperature on Sock Grading of Sub-Marketable Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus,in Earthen Ponds

Abstract

The passive sock grading method used by commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, farmers to grade and reduce the number of under-sized fish delivered to processing plants was assessed on an experimental scale. The assessment was conducted at the Aquaculture Research Station at the University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff in 0.1-ha earthen ponds. A rectangular holding sock was fabricated with dimensions of 0.9 m in width, 2.4 m in length, and 1.2 m in depth. The mesh size of the sock was 4.4 cm and the mesh material was nylon netting, 0.64 cm in diameter. Seventeen groups of channel catfish, were graded, with group weights ranging from approximately 115 to 370 kilograms. Fish were held in the sock for approximately three hours (±0.27 hours). The water temperature during the trials ranged from 7.3°C to 28.7°C. The percent removal of fish less than 0.45 kg during the three-hour holding period ranged from 27.6% to 73.3%. Overall, sock grading efficiency increased with increasing water temperature and at water temperatures above 15°C a greater percentage of fish less than 0.45 kg were not retained in the socks.     

Effects of various corn distillers by‐products on growth,feed efficiency,and body composition of channel catfish,Ictalurus punctatus

A study was conducted to examine the use of corn distillers’ by‐products in diets and the effects of additional dietary fat on channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, performance. Juvenile channel catfish (initial weight: 12.6 g per fish) were stocked in flow‐through aquaria and fed one of six practical diets for 9 weeks. Fish fed the control + fat diet consumed more diet and had higher feed efficiency ratio (FER) than fish fed the control diet, but weight gain was not significantly different between fish fed these two diets. Fish fed the diet containing 300 g kg^?1 distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) consumed more diet and gained more weight, but had similar FER compared with fish fed the control + fat diet. The diet containing 200 g kg^?1 high‐protein distillers grains (HPDDG) resulted in similar diet consumption, weight gain and FER as the control + fat diet. Fish fed the diet containing 100 g kg^?1 distillers solubles (DS) consumed more diet, but had similar weight gain and FER compared with fish fed the 300 g kg^?1 DDGS diet. The presence of distillers solubles in the diet (300 g kg^?1 DDGS, 100 g kg^?1 DS, 100 g kg^?1 EDS diets) appears to increase diet consumption, weight gain, and FER over the control diets with or without additional fat.     

发酵饲料投喂方式对斑点叉尾鮰生长、肠道菌群及代谢组学的影响

本研究对斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)的发酵饲料进行了合理饲喂,并确定了其对斑点叉尾鮰生长、肠道菌群和代谢组学的影响。实验设置3组：持续投喂组(A)(即在膨化饲料中持续添加发酵饲料),间隔投喂组即向膨化饲料中按周间隔添加发酵饲料(B),对照组仅投喂膨化饲料(C)。实验共持续6个月。实验结束后,对斑点叉尾鮰进行称重,并用16S rRNA扩增子测序技术和基于液相色谱的代谢组学技术分别检测斑点叉尾鮰肠道菌群组成以及代谢组学。结果显示,间隔投喂组斑点叉尾鮰终末体重(FBW)显著高于对照组和持续投喂组(P<0.05)。间隔投喂组的群落丰富度和多样性最高,持续投喂组群落丰富度最低(P>0.05)。厚壁杆菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteriota)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和异常球菌门(Deinococcota)是优势细菌门。优势肠道菌属包括未命名的叶绿体科中的一个属(norank_f_norank_o_Chloroplast)、分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)、鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)、罗姆布茨菌属(Romboutsia)、微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)和狭义梭菌属(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1)。代谢组学分析表明,持续投喂组主要通过N-乙酰-D-半乳糖胺显著上调影响肠道菌群半乳糖和磷酸转移酶系统代谢通路(P<0.05),进而影响鱼体对碳水化合物的消化吸收。而间隔投喂组差异代谢产物L-丝氨酸和L-苯丙氨酸显著上调(P<0.05),影响斑点叉尾鮰肠道菌群硫代谢、氨基酸代谢等,继而影响斑点叉尾鮰能量吸收、抗炎症和免疫等能力。本研究为斑点叉尾鮰发酵饲料投喂方式的探索和健康绿色养殖提供了理论依据。     

Low-Quality Diets for Growout of Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus

Abstract

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate low-quality diets for growout of pond-raised channel catfish. Five practical diets containing various levels of protein (10-28%) of varying quality (with or without animal protein and/or soybean meal), and with or without certain nutrient supplements (vitamin, minerals, lysine, or fat) were fed to channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatusstocked in 0.04-ha earthen ponds at a rate of 17,290 fish/ha. The diets were as follows: (1) 28% protein, nutritionally complete control; (2) 28% protein without supplemental vitamins, minerals, or fat; (3) 18% protein + supplemental lysine, vitamins, and minerals, but without animal protein; (4) 10% protein without animal protein, soybean meal, or supplemental vitamins and minerals; and (5) 10% protein + supplemental lysine, vitamins, and minerals, but without animal protein or soybean meal. Each diet was fed once daily to apparent satiation to fish in five replicate ponds for a single growing season. Fish fed diets containing 18% or 28% protein without supplements had similar diet consumption rates and weight gain as those fed the 28% control diet, but the fish fed the control diet converted diet more efficiently. Fish fed the 10% protein diet without supplements consumed less diet, converted diet less efficiently, and gained less weight than fish fed diets containing higher levels of protein. The addition of supplements to the 10% protein diet increased weight gain and processing yield as compared to fish fed the 10% protein diet without supplements. Body fattiness increased, fillet protein decreased, and carcass, fillet and nugget yields decreased as dietary protein decreased. The data show that pond-raised channel catfish can be grown effectively on a diet containing 18% protein that is of relatively low quality, but fattiness is increased and processing yield is decreased. However, because of the negative aspects of this diet, we would not recommend it for general use in commercial catfish culture. It could be used where fattiness and processing yield are not of consequence, such as recreational ponds. For that matter, the 10% diet without supplements could be used as well in these situations if maximum growth is not desired.     

斑点叉尾鮰胚胎及卵黄囊期仔鱼发育研究

探索研究了斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punetatus)的早期牛活史及其发育生物学.运用解剖镜观察、记录、测量、描述、绘图等方法,连续规察了6个批次斑点叉尾鮰的胚胎及卵黄囊期仔鱼发育情况.结果表明:(1)在水温23～25℃时,斑点叉尾鮰胚胎期约需186 h,有效积温4 490～4 6lO qC·h;水温24～27℃时,班点叉尾鮰卵黄囊期约需6 d,有效积温3 620～3 710℃·h.(2)斑点叉尾鮰胚胎在出膜之前可见血液循环、胸鳍突起、眼球色素、直肠和肛门,卵黄囊耗尽期时各鳍鳍条明显且尾鳍已分叉.(3)斑点义尾鮰胚胎发育的温度上限是28～29℃.     

斑点叉尾鮰水库网箱无公害规模化养殖试验

2005年4月至2007年12月,在漳州市漳浦县马坪镇杨美水库淡水网箱养殖基地,进行斑点叉尾鮰无公害养成及示范推广试验.养殖期间,根据农业部无公害食品斑点叉尾鮰相关标准,分别经福建省渔业环境监测站及福建省海洋与渔业局进行环境检测,认定了斑点叉尾鮰无公害养殖产地.养殖产品分别经农业部农产品质量安全中心、农业部渔业产品质量监督检验测试中心(厦门)、福建出入境检验检疫局检验检疫技术中心检验,认定为无公害产品.形成规范化的斑点叉尾鮰无公害养殖模式,并示范推广.