异地育肥对大别山黄牛部分激素水平的影响

为了测定异地育肥对大别山黄牛血清中激素水平的动态影响,选择30头经临床检查健康大别山黄牛,特进行0（到达牛场时）、14、28和42d时血清激素水平测定。经颈静脉无菌采血,分离血清,测定生长激素（GH）、胰岛素（INS）、三碘甲腺原氨酸（T3）、甲状腺素（T4）和皮质醇（COR）水平。记录试验牛平均体质量（Aw）,平均日增重高（ADG）,平均日采食精、粗料量（ADFI）,平均日饮水量（ADWI）和发病牛头数。结果表明：14d时,牛开始增重,42d时,平均日增重高于28d和14d时（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;平均日采食精、粗料量在42d时高于14、28d时（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。GH、INS、T3和T4激素水平在0d时最低,在14d时最高。INS水平在14d时极显著高于28d和42d时（P％0．01）。COR水平,在0d时最高（P％0．01）,14、28和42d时差异不显著。在整个试验期内,均有试验牛发病。通过激素水平动态变化发现大别山黄牛进场14d内处于应激状态之中,进而能明显影响牛体生长性能。     

Incorporating an audience response system into veterinary dermatology lectures: effect on student knowledge retention and satisfaction

Veterinary educators are charged with delivering large amounts of information to adult students, who benefit from a more interactive learning environment than is often achieved through didactic lectures. Audience response systems (ARS) with wireless keypad technology facilitate interactive learning and have been used successfully in the education of health professionals. The objectives of this pilot study were to determine the effect of an ARS on the knowledge retention of veterinary dermatology students and to survey student attitudes concerning its use. A cohort-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the potential benefits of ARS for short-term and long-term knowledge retention. Students also participated in four hours of student-directed case simulations using ARS technology. Students were surveyed regarding opinions on the use of the ARS. The mean short-term knowledge-retention test scores of groups A (ARS+) and B (ARS-) were 81% and 78%, respectively. The mean long-term knowledge-retention test scores of groups A and B were 54% and 55%, respectively. The differences between groups were not significant for either time period (p = 0.32, p = 0.77). Although benefits to short-term and long-term knowledge retention were not detected in this pilot study, all students responding to the survey perceived a benefit and supported the use of ARS in the clinical veterinary curriculum. ARS technology provides a tool for lecturers to create an interactive learning environment well suited for teaching veterinary dermatology.     

Epidemiologic aspects of scrapie and BSE including an analysis of risk factors

After a discussion of the different hypotheses about the causative agent of prion diseases, various aspects of the two most important animal prion diseases, i.e. BSE and scrapie are described. This thesis focuses on the search for a preclinical diagnosis. A major breakthrough was the discovery of a new technique for detecting the disease-associated protein in tonsillar biopsies from scrapie-infected sheep long before clinical signs appeared. Another essential part of the studies described in this thesis concerned a risk analysis for BSE in a country like the Netherlands. Major risk factors were assessed, including an assessment of the efficacy of Dutch rendering procedures in the inactivation of the agents of scrapie and BSE.     

Toxoplasma gondii and ovine toxoplasmosis: new aspects of an old story

Ovine toxoplasmosis, caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, was first described in 1954 and while the incidence of ovine infection is difficult to define, it has been reported that in the UK it is responsible for between 1 and 2% of neonatal losses per annum. Recent reports have suggested that sheep persistently infected with T. gondii may pass infection to the fetus in subsequent pregnancies more readily than previously thought. These data show a high proportion of both successful and failed pregnancies in sheep to be positive by PCR for T. gondii with a tendency for samples from certain genetic lines of Charollais sheep more likely to be positive than samples from other lines, suggesting that some sheep have a particular genetic susceptibility to T. gondii.     

Eidemiological aspects of an outbreak of salmonellosis in sheep.

An outbreak of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella typhimurium occurred in a lambing flock where management factors and fostering movements were responsible for spread within the group and to farm personnel and their families. Possible sources of the infection are discussed.     

Use and misuse of steroids in canine and feline dermatology

The general principles of the diagnosis and therapy of skin diseases of hormonal origin in the dog and cat are discussed. Reference is made to problems created by insufficient steroid production, by excessive steroid production and by steroid overdosage. Résumé. Les principes généraux du diagnostic et de la thérapeutique de dermatoses d'origine hormonale chez le chien et le chat sont passés en revue. On fait allusion aux problèmes que posent la production insuffisante de stéroïdes, la production excessive de stéroïdes et une trop forte dose de stéroïdes. Zusammenfassung. Die allgemeinen Prinzipien der Diagnose und Therapie von Hautkrankheiten hormonalen Ursprungs beim Hund und bei der Katze werden besprochen. Es werden Probleme behandelt, die durch ungenügende Steroidproduktion, übermässige Steroidproduktion und Steroidüberdosiemng verursacht werden.     

Economic aspects of common health and fertility problems for the individual pig producer: an overview

The income margin in modern pig farming is generally narrow. Controlling the cost of production, therefore, is of great importance. Improving health and fertility can play a major role in this context. In this paper three interrelated issues are discussed from a farm management point of view: (1) the financial losses of common health and fertility problems, (2) the costs and benefits of disease control, and (3) the decision to replace individual sows in case of poor health and/or reduced productive performance. Priorities for further research in the field of animal health economics are also discussed.     

Pharmacokinetic and toxicological aspects of the medication of beef-type calves with an oral formulation of chloramphenicol palmitate

Gassner, B., Wuethrich, A. Pharmacokinetic and toxicological aspects of the medication of beef-type calves with an oral formulation of chloramphenicolpalmitate. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 17, 279–283.
Chloramphenicol (CAP) plasma levels were determined after oral administration of four doses of CAP palmitate (each dose corresponding to CAP 25 mg/kg/12 h) to four ruminating beef-type calves. Steady-state plasma concentrations of CAP were reached after the fourth oral dose and varied between 5 and 6 μg/ml. Half-life of elimination of CAP was 4.5 h. In addition to CAP, dehdrochloramphenicol (DH-CAP), a metabolite of chloramphenicol, was detected in plasma at concentrations between 3 and 7 ng/ml. DH-CAP is known to be produced from CAP by intestinal bacteria. This is significant since DH-CAP is suspected of being involved in the development of fatal aplastic anaemia, which occurs in man after exposure to CAP. Thus, it cannot be excluded that DH-CAP residues may occur in edible tissues. A risk arising from DH-CAP can neither be excluded for the animals being treated with CAP nor for consumers.