共和山羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对海南州共和县山羊的细胞钾型进行了调查研究，结果发现：（1）按红细胞钾浓度、共和县山羊有高钾和低钾两种表型，其表型频率分别为89．61％和10．39％；（2）高钾型山羊的红细胞浓度在44．35－83．46mmol/L之间，低钾型在9．56－27．58mmol/L之间；（3）K^h和K^L等位基因频率分别为0．9466和0．0534，基因杂合度0．1011。     

高原型藏羊红细胞钾浓度多态性及其与10项血液指标的联系

采用火焰光度计法对47只青海省刚察县高原型藏羊红细胞钾浓度的多态性进行了调查研究.结果发现:1.按红细胞钾浓度,被检高原型藏羊有高钾和低钾两种表型,以高钾型为优势表型(89.36%);2.高钾型藏羊的全血钾浓度范围为21.40～39.60mmol/L,红细胞钾浓度范围为73.54～101.01mmol/L;低钾型藏羊的全血钾浓度范围为9.00～10.80mmol/L,红细胞钾浓度范围为16.66～29.10mmol/L;3.Kh和KL等位基因频率分别为0.9453和0.0547;4.HK和LK型羊的10项血液指标之间均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).     

乐都山羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对７５只乐都山羊的红细胞钾型进行了调查研究。结果发现：①按红细胞钾浓度，乐都山羊有高钾和低钾两种表型，以高钾为优势表型（８８％）；②高钾型山羊的红细胞钾浓度在４３．５９￣８１．３０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ之间，低钾型的在９．３７￣２１．２１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ之间；③Ｋ＾ｈ和Ｋ＾Ｌ等位基因频率分别为０．９３８７和０．０６１９，基因杂合度为０．１１６１。     

大通黑白花乳牛红细胞钾型的测定

对引入大通县奶牛场的31头黑白花乳牛的红细胞钾型进行了测定，结果：BK为9．87±1．14（7．2～11．6）mmol·L-1,EK为20．96±3．88（12．72～30．67）mmol·L-1，BK和EK均为单一的低钾（LK）型；BK与EK之间有显著正相关关系（P＜0．0005），而BK与SK，SK与EK之间无显著相关关系（P＞0．1和P＞0．2）。     

互助县杂种黄牛红细胞钾型的研究

根据青海省互助县４０头杂种黄牛的红细胞钾（ＥＫ）浓度分别为高钾（ＨＫ）和低钾（ＬＫ）两种表型，其中ＬＫ型占３５头（８７．５％）为优势表型。ＬＫ型杂种黄牛的ＥＫ浓度为８．９～３０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＨＫ型的为４５．８～７５．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，等位基因频率Ｋ＾ｈ＝０．３５３６，Ｋ＾Ｌ＝０．６４６４。     

青海白唇鹿公鹿血钾指标和红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对青海省大通种牛场18头白唇鹿公鹿三项血钾指标和红细胞钾型进行了研究。结果发现:①被检青海白唇鹿公鹿的血清钾离子浓度为3.7±0.8mmol/L,全血钾离子浓度为27.4±3.0mmol/L,红细胞钾离子浓度为75.4±10.1mmol/L;②按红细胞钾离子浓度判定,全部被检青海白唇鹿公鹿的红细胞钾型为高血钾型。     

柴达木黄牛和青海东部黄牛红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对２３８头柴达木黄牛和２６３头于海东部黄牛的红细胞钾型进行了研究。结果发现：①柴达木黄牛全部为低血钾型，而青海东部黄牛有高血钾和低血钾两种表型；②青海东部黄牛的Ｋ＾Ｌ和Ｋ＾ｈ基因频率分别为０．８２６和０．１７４。     

青海梅花鹿公鹿血钾指标和红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对青海省大通种牛场71头梅花鹿公鹿3项血钾指标和红细胞钾型进行了研究。结果发现:被检青海梅花鹿公鹿的血清钾离子浓度为(4.2±0.7)mmol/L,全血钾离子浓度为(28.3±4.1)mmol/L,红细胞钾离子浓度为(70.5±10.6)mmol/L。按全血钾离子浓度和红细胞钾离子浓度判定,全部被检青海梅花鹿公鹿的红细胞钾型为高血钾型。     

蓝马鸡和藏马鸡血钾型的测定

采用火焰光度法对 1 9只蓝马鸡和 1 5只藏马鸡的血钾型进行了研究 ,结果发现 :被检蓝马鸡与藏马鸡的全血钾浓度分别为 51 6和 56 0mmol/L ,红细胞钾浓度分别为 1 2 5 1和 1 34 7mmol/L ,全部属于高血钾型     

青海省山羊红细胞钾浓度多态性的研究

采用火焰光度法对青海省8个品种(群体)山羊红细胞钾浓度多态性的特征进行了调查研究。结果发现:①根据红细胞钾浓度,被检的8个品种(群体)山羊均存在高血钾(HK)和低血钾(LK)两种表型而呈现多态性;②青海本地山羊的LK型频率都显著小于引入山羊及其杂种群体;③在红细胞钾浓度位点上,青海省山羊不同品种(群体)之间的基因分化系数很小(0.03288);④青海本地山羊群体之间的遗传距离很小;⑤聚类分析表明,青海本地山羊、柴达木绒山羊和辽宁绒山羊分别位于三个支树系中。     

柴达木山羊血清生化指标测定

对柴达木山羊、引进的辽宁绒山羊及改良绒山羊的１４项血不生化指标进行了测定。结果;结果：三种山羊的血清钾、钠、钙、氯和无机磷浓度相近似;改良绒山羊的ＧＰＴ和ＧＯＴ活性高于辽宁绒山羊;辽宁绒山羊和改良绒山羊的ＺｎＴＴ和ＴＴＴ相近似;柴达木山羊和改良绒山羊的血清总蛋白含量低于辽宁绒山羊,而柴达木山羊的Ａ／Ｇ比值显著高于辽宁绒山羊和改良绒山羊。     

柴达木绒山羊主要数量性状表型相关分析

对柴达山绒山羊母羊的绒层厚度、粗毛长度、产绒量、体重、体长、体高、胸围、管围、体侧部绒纤维伸直长度和绒纤维细度进行了表型相关的测算，结果表明：（1）对育成母羊产绒量影响较大的三个性状按决定系数大小依次为体长、绒层厚度和体侧部绒纤维伸直长度，呈现正向影响；绒层厚度还与体长和绒纤维细度协同产生对产绒量的正向影响；体重和体高对产绒量有较小的负向影响。（2）对成年母羊产绒量影响较大的性状按决定系数大小依次为绒层厚度、体重、粗毛长度、体高、胸围和绒纤维伸直长度，其中粗毛长度和体高呈现负向影响，其余性状为正向影响。     

夏洛来杂种羊红细胞钾型的初步研究

采用火焰光度法对海北州牧科所优良种畜繁殖场，９０只夏洛来杂种羊的红细胞钾型进行了研究，结果发现夏洛来杂种羊红细胞钾浓度存在多态性，存在ＨＫ和ＬＫ两种类型，高钾型羊３５只（３８．８９％），低钾型羊５５只（６１．１１％），Ｋｈ和ＫＬ等位基因频率分别为０．６２３６和０．３７６４。     

怀头他拉乡培育柴达木绒山羊的结果

怀头他拉乡1999年存栏山羊15023只，其中绒山羊14827只，占98.70%。据1998、1999年鉴定资料统计，符合柴达木绒山羊新品种标准的羊只占鉴定数的96.36%，其生产性能比新品种标准中一级羊最低指标高，成年公、母羊产绒量分别为0.41kg和0.41kg，绒层厚度分别为6.15cm和5.37cm，抓绒前体重分别为40.06kg和28.29kg。鉴定羊中一级羊占63.06%，其主要生产性能：成年公母羊产绒量分别为0.59kg和0.46kg，绒层厚度分别为6.43cm和5.82cm，抓绒前体重分别为42.29kg和29.52kg。     

Immobilization (restraint) stress in desert sheep and goats, and the influence of pretreatment with xylazine or sodium betaine thereon

Some behavioral, clinical, biochemical and haematological parameters were studied in Desert (Najdi) sheep and goats subjected to the acute and unavoidable stressful stimuli of immobilization. The effect of pretreatment with xylazine (n = 6) or sodium betaine (n = 6) on the responses of these animals has also been investigated. The immobilization stress resulted in increased vocalization and in variable and statistically insignificant increases in heart pulse and respiratory rates. In the two species, immobilization stress significantly elevated the plasma concentration of cortisol (from about 35.2 to about 83.8 mmol/L) and glucose (from 3.1 to 4.6 mmol/L), and decreased the concentration of magnesium (from 0.81 to 0.65 mmol/L). The endogenous thiocyanate concentration was unaffected. The immobilization stress also insignificantly decreased the haematocrit (PCV), and the number of lymphocytes, and increased the concentration of haemoglobin. Pretreatment of sheep and goats with xylazine at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg, via the intravenous route significantly alleviated the effects induced by the stressful stimulus. Pretreatment of the two species with sodium betaine (10 mg/kg/day for 3 days), however, produced variable and insignificant effects. There were no significant differences between sheep and goats in the responses to the immobilization stress, except in vocalization, which was more pronounced in sheep than in goats.     

Rechallenge of previously-infected pregnant ewes with Chlamydophila abortus

We studied some behavioural, clinical, biochemical and haematological variables in Desert (Najdi) sheep and goats subjected to the acute stressful stimulus of isolation from the flock, and the influence of pretreatment with xylazine (n = 6) or sodium betaine (n = 6). The isolation stress resulted in increased vocalization and in variable and statistically nonsignificant increases in heart, pulse and respiratory rates. Isolation caused significant increases in the plasma concentrations of cortisol (from about 35.2 to about 83.8 mmol/L) and glucose (from 3.1 to 4.2 mmol/L), and a decrease in that of magnesium (from 0.82 to 0.65 mmol/L). The endogenous thiocyanate concentration was unaffected. The isolation stress also significantly decreased the haematocrit (PCV), and the number of lymphocytes, and increased the concentration of haemoglobin. Pretreatment of sheep and goats with xylazine at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg by the intravenous route significantly ameliorated the effects induced by the stressful stimulus. The effects of pretreatment of the two species with sodium betaine (10 mg/kg) produced variable and nonsignificant effects. There were no significant differences between sheep and goats in the responses to the isolation stress, except in vocalization, which was greater in sheep than in goats.     

Correction of Hyperkalemia in Dogs with Chronic Kidney Disease Consuming Commercial Renal Therapeutic Diets by a Potassium‐Reduced Home‐Prepared Diet

Background: Hyperkalemia occurs in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objectives: (1) To determine the incidence of hyperkalemia in dogs with CKD, (2) to determine the proportion of hyperkalemic dogs that required modification of dietary potassium intake, (3) to evaluate the response to dietary modification. Methods: The hospital database was reviewed retrospectively to identify dogs with CKD and persistent (>5.3 mmol/L on at least 3 occasions) or severe (K ≥ 6.5 mmol/L) hyperkalemia while consuming a therapeutic renal diet. Records of dogs with hyperkalemia that were prescribed a home‐prepared, potassium‐reduced diet were evaluated further. Response was evaluated by changes in body weight, BCS, and serum potassium concentration. Results: One hundred and fifty‐two dogs were diagnosed with CKD, of which 47% had ≥1 documented episode of hyperkalemia, 25% had ≥3 episodes of hyperkalemia, and 16% had ≥1 episodes of severe hyperkalemia (K > 6.5 mmol/L). Twenty‐six dogs (17.2%) with CKD and hyperkalemia were prescribed a potassium‐reduced, home‐prepared diet. The potassium concentration of all hyperkalemic dogs on therapeutic diets (potassium content, 1.6 ± 0.23 g/1,000 kcal of metabolizable energy [ME]) was 6.5 ± 0.5 mmol/L but decreased significantly to 5.1 ± 0.5 mmol/L in 18 dogs available for follow‐up in response to the dietary modification (0.91 ± 0.14 g/1,000 kcal of ME, P < .001). Potassium concentration normalized in all but 1 dog. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Hyperkalemia is a potential complication of CKD. In a subset of CKD dogs, hyperkalemia can be associated with commercial renal diets and could restrict use of these diets. Appropriately formulated, potassium‐reduced, diets are an effective alternative to correct hyperkalemia.     

新培育的柴达木绒山羊的群体遗传检测研究

应用简单随机抽样法,在青海省德令哈抽取柴达木绒山羊57只,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术测定9个血液蛋白质（酶）位点（α2,Alb,Hb,Alp,PA-3,EsD,Amy,Tf,LAP）,并对毛色及形态特征进行了遗传检测,结果表明,9个血液蛋白质（酶）位点中有6个位点表现出多型性,均由2个等位基因控制,位点平均杂合度为0.2773,9个外形特征中5个有多型性,其平均异质度为0.4610,毛色趋于纯白。利用群体遗传贴近度分析方法,剖析了柴达木绒山羊与其亲本群的相似程度,即外形特征上,柴达木绒山羊与辽宁绒山羊相似,而在血液蛋白质（酶）位点上柴达木绒山羊与柴达木山羊相似;在总体特征上,柴达木绒山羊与柴达木山羊、辽宁绒山羊的遗传贴近度分别为0.8257、0.8662。