优质肉鸡早期利用种蛋的研究

蛋重对孵化率、雏鸡的出生重有显著的影响，出生重对雏鸡前期的成活率影响显著，对生长速度、饲料转化率的影响不显著，认为提前利用种蛋是可行的。     

蛋重对雏鸡初生重和器官发育的影响

试验旨在研究不同蛋重对雏鸡初生重和器官发育的影响。选取90枚种鸡蛋按蛋重分为5组,每组18枚：Ⅰ组（59～62 g）、Ⅱ组（62～65 g）、Ⅲ组（65～68 g）、Ⅳ组（68～71 g）、Ⅴ组（71～74 g）进行为期21 d的孵化。出雏后对雏鸡进行称重、采血和屠宰,记录并分析数据。结果表明：(1)雏鸡初生重与蛋重呈显著正相关;(2)雏鸡的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、小肠、肌胃重量与蛋重呈正相关,Ⅴ组的腺胃指数显著低于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）,其余器官指数各组间无显著差异（P>0.05）;(3)Ⅴ组雏鸡血清中三酰甘油的含量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,Ⅴ组高密度脂蛋白含量显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,Ⅴ组胆固醇的含量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P<0.05）。综上,蛋重与雏鸡的健康水平相关,且蛋重较大不利于雏鸡的健康。     

蛋鸡初生重与后期体重的相关性分析

为探究雏鸡不同初生重对后期体重和均匀度的影响,以及不同初生重雏鸡的生长发育规律,运用线性回归分析及Gompertz非线性模型对123只某褐壳纯系蛋种鸡体重进行0～12周龄生长曲线拟合和分析.结果表明:初生重与12周龄体重极显著相关,并对12周龄体重有极显著影响;Gompertz生长曲线模型显示,不同初生重组体重拐点均在...     

蛋重对孵化失重、羊水及尿囊液量、雏鸡初生重影响的研究

通过孵化实验,研究了蛋重对孵化失重、羊水及尿囊液量、雏鸡初生重的影响.结果表明,蛋越重,失重越大,羊水及尿囊液的量越多,雏鸡初生重也越大;蛋重在60.0～64.9 g范围时,失重率最大;蛋重与雏鸡初生重呈强正相关,相关系数为0.868.     

肉用鸡初生重对生长性状和屠宰性能的影响

本研究以6个杂交鸡群为材料,探讨了雏鸡初生重大小对早期生长性能和屠宰性能的影响。结果表明,雏鸡的初生重对8周龄和10周龄体重没有显著影响(P>0.05)。初生重为35～40g的鸡全净膛率最高,显著高于初生重为40～45g鸡的全净膛率(P<0.05)。不同的初生重对屠宰率、胸肌率、腿肌率和脂肪性状均无显著影响。结果提示,在进行配套系生产优质肉鸡时,对地方鸡种繁殖性能的选育,重点应该放在选择产蛋量上,以便增加种母鸡的雏鸡产量,而不必首选蛋重来提高初生重。     

蛋重对汶上芦花鸡孵化效果的影响

本试验探索了不同蛋重对汶上芦花鸡种蛋孵化效果的影响。将挑选的324枚健康种蛋按蛋重分为3组:Ⅰ组(39.65～44.82 g),Ⅱ组(45.07～49.44 g),Ⅲ组(50.18～56.78 g),测算种蛋3个胚龄的失重和失重率,并对孵化效果和雏鸡初生重进行分析。结果显示:Ⅲ组的受精率、受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率最高;种蛋的失重随蛋重增加而显著增大(P0.05),但失重率无显著差异(P0.05);雏鸡初生重随着蛋重的增加而显著增大(P0.05)。汶上芦花鸡蛋重区间为50.18～56.78 g时孵化效果最好。     

影响中卫山羊初生重的非遗传因素研究

试验选用2009—2012年中卫山羊羔羊的出生鉴定数据,研究非遗传因素(包括出生年份、性别、产羔季节和母羊胎次)对中卫山羊羔羊初生重的影响。结果表明,出生年份和性别对中卫山羊羔羊初生重的影响显著(P<0.05),而母羊胎次和产羔季节影响不显著(P>0.05)。     

肉用种鸡群均匀度的评估方法与提高措施

一鸡群均匀度的影响因素 1鸡苗的质量雏鸡初生重与早期生长发育速度呈正相关关系。雏鸡初生重不同会造成鸡群内个体发育情况差异较大，均匀度低。而雏鸡初生重是受入孵种蛋蛋重影响的，一般初生重占入孵种蛋重的65％。     

非遗传因素对德国肉用美利奴羊和多胎萨福克羊初生重的影响

为探索非遗传因素对羔羊初生重的影响,对肉毛兼用的德国肉用美利奴羊和多胎肉用的多胎萨福克羊初生重进行测定,分析了品种间初生重的差异,利用最小二乘方差分析方法研究了出生年份、月份、性别和出生类型4个非遗传因素对初生重的影响.结果表明:德国肉用美利奴羊的初生重极显著高于多胎萨福克羊(P<0.01);出生年份和出生类型极显著影...     

入孵蛋重对肉鸭生长性能的影响

肉鸭入孵蛋重对出生重有重要影响,同时肉鸭出生重对肉鸭全期生长结果有重要影响。试验结果表明,入孵蛋重较轻的组(<82g)全期体重比入孵蛋重较重的组(>98g)显著的轻(P<0.05),这两组肉鸭相对生长速度(第一周除外)与绝对生长速度(第五周除外)差异不显著(P>0.05);入孵蛋重对孵化效果有较大影响,蛋重太大、太小均不能获得较高的孵化率,并且较大的蛋重对孵化效果影响更大。试验结果对进一步规范肉鸭测定程序有重要的意义,并且对肉鸭育种提供了试验基础。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。