Haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against arboviruses of the families Togaviridae and Bunyaviridae in birds caught in southern Moravia, Czechoslovakia

A total of 295 birds belonging to 19 species of 7 families of wild Passeriformes were examined by haemagglutination-inhibition test. The birds were caught for an international research program "Balt" at the time of autumn migration (August-September 1984). Their blood sera were examined for antibodies against 6 arbovirus antigens of the genera Alphavirus (Sindbis-SIN) and Flavivirus (tick-borne encephalitis-TBE, West Nile-WN) and family Bunyaviridae (Tahyna-TAH, Calovo-CVO and Bhanja-BHA). Antibodies against all studied viruses were detected at different frequencies: SIN 6.4%, TBE 7.1%, WN 9.7%, TAH 16.3%, CVO 12.1%, and BHA 1.0%.     

The feather mites of the family Proctophyllodidae (acari, sarcoptiformes) from Nepalese birds

Eight species of birds of the families Fringillidae (3), Motacillidae (2), Prunellidae (1), Pycnonotidae (1) and Turdidae (1) were found to be parasitized by 8 species of the genus Proctophyllodes, 3 of them being new to science: P. danieli sp. n. from Pycnonotus leucogenys, P. macrophallus sp. n. from Prunella collaris and P. puniceus sp. n. from Pyrrhospiza punicea. Other species recorded are P. anthi, P. cotyledon, P. glandarinus, P. leucosticti and P. aff. poublani. All hosts were collected in the region of the Barun river valley in East Nepal in the altitude of 3,600-4,900 m a. s. l.     

Two new species of the family Syringophilidae (Acari: Cheyletoidea) from passeriform birds collected in the Altai

Two new species of the syringophilid mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) are described from quills of passeriform birds. Syringophilopsis faini sp. n. is described from Sylvia curruca (L.) (Sylviidae) and Syringophiloidus carpodaci sp. n. is described from Carpodacus erythrinus (Pall.) (Fringillidae). Characters are detailed that differentiate Syringophilopsis faini from three species of a new "turdus" group, and Syringophiloidus carpodaci from S. minor.     

Francisella tularensis from ixodid ticks in Czechoslovakia

A total of 26,478 ixodid ticks (935 pools) were examined by intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice. Six species of ticks were tested: Ixodes ricinus (23,470 individuals), I. trianguliceps (12), Haemaphysalis punctata (831), H. concinna (39), Dermacentor reticulatus (69) and D. marginatus (2,057). The ticks were collected largely by flagging vegetation, a substantial minority (4%) from animals. Three strains of Francisella tularensis were isolated, one each from I. ricinus (males, district Breclav, southern Moravia), D. reticulatus (males, district Breclav) and D. marginatus (engorged females collected from sheep in Roznava district, eastern Slovakia). D. marginatus and D. reticulatus represent new vector species for Czechoslovakia.     

Serologic examination of human population in South Moravia (Czechoslovakia) on the presence of antibodies to arboviruses of the Alfavirus, Flavivirus, Turlock groups and Bunyamwera supergroup.

A statistically representative group of human population from the South Moravian region (CSSR) was examined on the presence of antibodies against the following arboviruses: Lednice, Sindbis, tick-borne encephalitis, West Nile, Tahyna and Calovo. The ascertained absence of antibodies to the Lednice virus is an evidence that at present this virus is of no epidemiological importance in the region studied. No antibodies to Sindbis, West Nile and Calovo viruses were demonstrated. 17.8 to 42.0% of antibodies to Tahyna virus were detected in all age groups examined. The total infection rate was 26.0%. Antibodies to the tick-borne encephalitis virus occurred primarily in persons over 40 years. The total infection rate was 5.5%.     

Blood parasites of small wild mammals in Czechoslovakia]

The author investigated 4,853 specimens of wild living small mammals (43 species: Insectivora, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Carnivora) from Czechoslovakia for blood parasites. Trypanosomes were found in Talpa europaea, Sorex alpinus, Crocidura suaveolens, Myotis myotis, Apodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus flavicollis, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus agrestis. Babesia was detected in Myotis emarginatus, Myotis myotis, Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus arvalis and Microtus agrestis. Grahaemella was found in Talpa europaea, Sorex araneus, Neomys fodiens, Neomys anomalus, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis myotis, Apodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus microps, Apodemus agrarius, Mus musculus, Clethrionomys glareolus, Arvicola terrestris, Pitymys subterraneus, Microtus arvalis, Microtus agrestis, and Microtus oeconomus. Spontaneous Bartonella-infection was ascertained in one Microtus arvalis and, in erythrocytes of one Sorex araneus, parasitic organisms very similar to Bartonella were found.     

Blood parasites of birds in Central Europe. 1. Survey of literature. The incidence in domestic birds and general remarks to the incidence in wild birds

This paper constitutes an introduction to the forthcoming series of publications summing up the present store of knowledge on the incidence and ecology of avian haematozoa in Central Europe. The paper contains bibliography dealing with the incidence of these parasites in the region studied. The problem of the incidence of blood parasites in domestic birds is discussed in detail. The incidence of blood parasites in wild birds is only briefly outlined as it is to be treated in detail in forthcoming papers.     

Helminth eggs in the sludge from three sewage treatment plants in Czechoslovakia.

Developmental stages of 8 species of parasitic helminths were found during examination of sludge from 3 sewage treatment plants in Central Bohemia, Czechoslovakia. The eggs were comprised from Ascaris sp., Toxocara sp., Toxascaris leonina, Parascaris equorum, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris sp., Capillaria sp. and Hymenolepis spp. The quantity of these organisms in 100 g of dried sludge ranged between 24-105 eggs of Ascaris sp., 12-47 eggs of Toxocara sp., 0-8 eggs of Toxascaris leonina, 0-1 egg of Parascaris equorum, 2-33 eggs of Trichuris sp., 0-12 eggs of Capillaria sp., 0-46 eggs of Enterobius vermicularis and 0-49 eggs of Hymenolepis spp. Some eggs of Hymenolepis spp. and Enterobius vermicularis were structurally damaged, while some eggs of Ascaris sp. and Enterobius vermicularis contained developed larvae.     

Gastrointestinal parasitoses discovered in agricultural workers in South Bohemia, Czechoslovakia

In the years from 1975 to 1982 1,750 persons, mostly employed by agricultural enterprises in the South Bohemian Region in Czechoslovakia, were examined. We discovered seven species of parasites: Taenia saginata in 0.3%, Enterobius vermicularis in 10.1%, Giardia lamblia in 1.0%, Endolimax nana in 0.8%, Entamoeba coli in 0.7%, Entamoeba hartmanni in 0.2%, and Chilomastix mesnili in 0.5%. The greatest number of parasites was found in students of the Secondary agricultural and technical school. Only two species of parasites were diagnosed in children of the employees. The incidence of E. vermicularis was 75% in children, in adult employees of agricultural enterprises, however, only 9.8%.     

Prevalence of borreliae in Ixodes ricinus ticks from southern Moravia, Czechoslovakia

A total of 378 adult Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected by flagging vegetation in four localities of two districts (Breclav, Znojmo) in south Moravia and examined microscopically. Borreliae were identified in Giemsa-stained midgut smears from 32 (i.e. 8.5%) ticks (9.4% females, 7.2% males); the infection rate varied between 0.0 and 11.4% in the four localities examined. Among female ticks, significantly more were found to be infected in autumn (19.7%) than in spring (5.8%). Dark-field (DF) and Giemsa-stained smears (GS) examinations were compared for their sensitivity in detecting borreliae in 128 field-collected ticks; GS method showed a little higher sensitivity (11.7% ticks were positive) than DF procedure (9.4% ticks positive). Two strains of Borrelia burgdorferi were isolated from a total of 150 adult I. ricinus ticks cultured in BSK medium.     

Water snails as paratenic hosts of Hymenolepididae Fuhrmann, 1907 in Czechoslovakia

The distribution of cysticercoids of Hymenolepididae Fuhrmann, 1907 parasitizing water birds (Anseriformes and Ralliformes) in Czechoslovakia was studied. A total of 2970 snail specimens (429 Lymnaea stagnalis (L.), 531 L. ovata (Drap.), 1, 462 L. peregra (O. F. Müll.), 158 L. auricularia (L.), 262 Planorbis planorbis (L.) and 65 Viviparus viviparus (L.)) were examined for this purpose. Among them, 122 snails were infected with cysticercoids of 13 cestode species (Dicranotaenia coronula (Dujardin, 1845), Diorchis inflata (Rudolphi, 1810), D. nyrocae Yamaguti, 1935, D. ransomi Schultz, 1940, Diploposthe laevis (Bloch, 1782), Echinocotyle rosetteri Blanchard, 1891, Fimbriaria fasciolaris (Pallas, 1781), Microsomacanthus compressa (Linton 1892), M. paracompressa (Czaplinski, 1956), M. paramicrosoma (Gasowska, 1931), M. spiralibursata (Czaplinski, 1956), Sobolevicanthus gracilis (Zeder, 1803), and S. octacantha (Krabbe, 1869).     

Report on some Work of the Entomological Laboratory OHS,Hodonin, Czechoslovakia

Abstract

TERMITES THEIR RECOGNITION AND CONTROL. W. Victor Harris. Second edition. Longman, London, 1971. pp.186, pl. 56. Price £4.50

INTEGRATED CONTROL OF PESTS IN FARM AND GARDEN. S. P. Simmonds. Devon Trust for Nature Conservation, 1972. pp. 15. Price £0.20.

CHEMICALS CONTROLLING INSECT BEHAVIOUR. Edited by Morton Beroza. Academic Press, New York and London, 1970. pp. 170. Price £4.65.

PHYTOTOXINS IN PLANT DISEASES. Edited by R. K. S. Wood, A. Ballio, and A. Graniti. Academic Press, London and New York, 1972. pp. xiii + 530. Price £8.50

HOT-WATER TREATMENT OF PLANT MATERIAL. Second Edition. Bulletin 201. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. HMSO, London, 1972. pp. iv + 46, pl. 4. Price £0.42.

KENYA BUSH CONTROL. Prepared by E. C. S. Little for the Government of Kenya. Funded by UNDP, FAO. Nairobi, 1972. pp. 88.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INDONESIAN WEED SCIENCE CONFERENCE. Edited by M. Soerjani. Contribution No. 1, Weed Science Society of Indonesia, 1971. pp. 215. Price for student members of WSSI US$ 1.25; for members US$ 2.50; for non-members US$ 3.50.

PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT. VOLUME 1, PARTS I AND II. Edited by R. White-Stevens. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1971. Part I: pp. 270, refs 655. Price £9.50. Part II: pp. 629, refs 1378. Price £13.60.

THE PROBLEMS OF PERSISTENT CHEMICALS. IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDES AND OTHER CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, 1971. pp. 113. Price £0.92.

PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY. VOLUMES I-VI.* Proceedings of the Second International IUPAC Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, Tel-Aviv, February 1971. Edited by A. S. Tahori. Gordon and Breach Scientific Publishers Inc., London, 1972. Price for six-volume set £41.65. VOLUME I. INSECTICIDES. pp. 496. Price £8.35.

VOLUME III. CHEMICAL RELEASERS IN INSECTS. pp. viii + 227. Price £5.20.

VOLUME IV. METHODS IN RESIDUE ANALYSIS. pp. xi + 605. Price £10.40.     

天祝夏季鸟类群落结构及多样性分析

2014年7～8月,对天祝鸟类的种类、分布、生境等进行了调查,共记录鸟类13目31科150种(包括实地发现的101种和资料得来的49种),其中留鸟89种、夏候鸟52种、冬候鸟5种、旅鸟6种.鸟类区系以古北界为主,占鸟类种数的58％.文中还分析了栖息地变迁及人类活动对鸟类种类及数量的影响并提出保护建议.     

Entamoeba polecki: morphology, immunology, antigen study and clinic of the first infections in Czechoslovakia

Entamoeba polecki Prowazek, 1912 was recorded for the first time in Czechoslovakia in two students from Kampuchea. Uninucleated cysts of diameter 14.2-15.7 micron with nuclei diameter 3.2-4.2 micron were found-repeatedly in stool samples taken from them. The nucleus accounted in average for 24.3% of the cyst diameter. The isolation and two following subinoculations on Dobell-Leidlaw medium were achieved, more abundant growth was recorded on medium with pig serum. Sera of both students were positive in serological tests using the E. histolytica antigen. No serious clinical symptoms were observed, both patients were cured successfully by metronidazole and ornidazole. Electroimmunotransfer blots were used to characterize E. polecki as a separate species. The antigenic structure of polyxenically grown E. polecki was compared with the antigenic structure of E. histolytica (axenically grown HK-9 strain and 3 polyxenically grown strains). Different blot patterns of both species were obtained, but common fractions of 30-40 kD probably responsible for serological cross-reactions were found.