Expression of a Carrot Antifreeze Protein Gene in Escherichia coli

The recombinant expression vectorpET43. lb-AFP, which contains full encoding region of a carrot 36 kD antifreeze protein (AFP) gene was constructed. The recombinant was transformed into expression host carrying T7 RNA polymerase gene (DE3 lysogen) and induced by 1 mmol. L-1 IPTG (isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside) to express 110 kD polypeptide of AFP fusion protein.The analysis of product solubility revealed that pET43. 1b-AFP was predominately soluble, and the expressed amount reached the maximum after the IPTG treatment for 3 h.     

Over expression of TaFer gene from Tamarix androssowii improves iron and drought tolerance in transgenic Populus tomentosa

Ferritin, a universal intracellular protein, can store large amounts of iron and improve plant resistance to abiotic and biotic stress. In this study, a ferritin gene(TaFer) from Tamarix androssowii Litv. was transferred into Populus tomentosa Carr. cv 'BJR01' via Agrobacterium. Six independent transgenic lines were obtained with a tolerance to kanamycin and three were randomly selected for further analysis. The PCR and RT-PCR results indicate that the TaFer gene had been integrated into the poplar genome. The effect of the gene on abiotic stress tolerance was tested, and the results show that transgenic plants improve growth, had higher chlorophyll and lower MDA contents, and higher relative electrical conductivity,fewer changes of SOD and POD activities, higher iron content, higher root ferric reductase activity and lower levels of ROS accumulation and cell death in response to drought, Fe-insufficient or Fe-excess tolerance. These results indicate that the TaFer gene can improve abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic Populus tomentosa.     

冷藏库结构温度应力的计算

作者着重的从理论上分析了冷藏库结构的内力计算方法,并结合实例加以验正。     

Improvement in salt tolerance of Populus tomentosa from transformation by a mtl-D gene

Transgenic lines were achieved by transforming the E. coli 1-phosphate mannitol dehydrogenase gene (mtl-D) into the Populus tomentosa Carr. genome. An Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain (AGL1), constructed by cloning mtl-D into the disarmed plasmid pBin438, was used to infect leaves of the clone YW2. The infected leaf discs were cultured on a medium containing 30 mg·L-1 kanamycin and 500 mg·L-1 cefotaxime. Transgenic plantlets regenerated from the infected leaves, rooted on the medium containing 30 mg·L-1 kanamycin. PCR and a Southern blotting test verified that the exogenous mtl-D gene had integrated into the transformation plants of the P. tomentosa genome. The mannitol content in control plant was 69μg·g-1 FW, and the mannitol contents of the transgenic lines T1 to T5 ranged between 103.7 and 289.5μg·g-1 FW. Of the shoots of the control plants 20% survived; on the medium containing 0.6% NaCl, 60% and 70% of two transgenic shoots survived on a medium containing 0.8% NaCl.     

基因工程在林木抗寒中的应用研究进展

本文对结构基因、顺式作用元件、转录因子和转基因技术等基因工程在林木抗寒方面的研究进展进行综述。     

Verification of the resistance of a LEA gene from Tamarix expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to abiotic stresses

The role of late embryogenesis abundant （LEA） proteins in stress tolerance was examined by using a yeast expression system. LEA protein tolerance to the abotic stresses in plants involved in salt, drought and freezing stresses and additional tolerance to heat, NaHCO3 （salt-alkali） and ultraviolet radiation was also investigated. The transgenic yeast harboring the Tamarix LEA gene （DQ663481） was generated under the control of inducible GAL promoter （pYES2 vector）, yeast cells transformed with pYES2 empty vector were also generated as a control. Stress tolerance tests showed that LEA yeast transformants exhibited a higher survival rates than the control transformants under high temperature, NaHCO3, ultraviolet radiation, salt （NaCl）, drought and freezing, indicating that the LEA gene is tolerant to these abiotic stresses. These results suggest that the LEA gene is resistant to a wider repertoire of stresses and may play a common role in plant acclimation to the examined stress conditions.     

mRNA差异显示技术及其在植物抗寒基因研究中的应用

mRNA差异显示技术自1992年建立以来，成为分子生物学领域的一个研究热点，并在许多领域得到了广泛应用。本文综述了mRNA差异显示技术的基本原理，其存在的问题及近几年该技术的改进、完善与发展。如引物设计、PCR参数优化、假阳性克服、cDNA片段克隆测序及完整基因的筛选。此外，对其在植物抗寒基因研究中的应用作了简要介绍。     

低温胁迫对我国北方地区引种的无花果抗寒性的影响

为给无花果抗寒能力的评价与抗寒品种的选育提供参考依据,以我国北方地区引种的14个无花果品种为研究对象,采用人工低温(0~-20℃)处理对其1年生枝条进行了胁迫试验,并对其相对电导率、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、SOD活性、POD活性和MDA含量进行了测定,还根据相对电导率和对应的低温温度,依据logistic方程,建立了回归模型,对14个无花果品种的抗寒性进行了综合评价。结果表明:依据半致死温度来评价,布兰瑞克、ALMA等品种的抗寒性均较强,-5~-10℃的低温会严重影响参试的大部分品种的生存和生长发育;其SOD和可溶性糖在-10℃时的测定值是反映无花果抵抗和适应低温能力的一个临界值,而可溶性蛋白和POD的临界值是在处理温度为-5℃时的测定值。部分品种的综合抗寒能力的评价结果与其半致死温度的测定结果存在差异,但新早黄、ALMA、金傲芬和紫蕾等品种均具备较好的抗寒潜力。     

一个新的柽柳类萌芽素基因ThGLP的结构及其表达分析

萌芽素和类萌芽素蛋白在不同植物的各个生长阶段和胁迫相关过程中起到不同的作用。本研究首次从刚毛柽柳cDNA文库中获得类萌芽素蛋白全长基因ThGLP,该基因编码225个氨基酸,含有植物萌芽素和类萌芽素蛋白的功能序列。通过进化树分析发现该基因屑于真正萌芽素亚家族。利用实时定量PCR方法研究了该基因在PEG、NaCl、低温、CdCl2和ABA胁迫下不同时间的表达模式。结果显示PEG、NaCl、低温、CdCl2和ABA处理均能诱导ThGLP基因在柽柳的根和叶中的表达。结果表明ThGLP在柽柳根和叶中表达,参与非生物胁迫应答并由ABA依赖的信号传导途径调控。     

Overexpression of the ThTPS gene enhanced salt and osmotic stress tolerance in Tamarix hispida

Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide with high stability and strong water absorption properties that can improve the resistance of organisms to various abi-otic stresses.Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) plays important roles in trehalose metabolism and signaling.In this study,the full-length cDNA of ThTPS was cloned from Tamarix hispida Willd.A phylogenetic tree includ-ing ThTPS and 11 AtTPS genes from Arabidopsis indicated that the ThTPS protein had a close evolutionary relationship with AtTPS7.However,the function of AtTPS7 has not been determined.To analyze the abiotic stress tolerance function of ThTPS,the expression of ThTPS in T.hispida under salt and drought stress and JA,ABA and GA3 hormone stimu-lation was monitored by qRT-PCR.The results show that ThTPS expression was clearly induced by all five of these treatments at one or more times,and salt stress caused par-ticularly strong induction of ThTPS in the roots of T.hispida.The ThTPS gene was transiently overexpressed in T.his-pida.Both physiological indexes and staining results showed that ThTPS gene overexpression increased salt and osmotic stress tolerance in T.hispida.Overall,the ThTPS gene can respond to abiotic stresses such as salt and drought,and its overexpression can significantly improve salt and osmotic tolerance.These findings establish a foundation to better understand the responses of TPS genes to abiotic stress in plants.     

杨树Bt抗虫基因工程研究进展

本文介绍了苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)毒蛋白的杀虫机理和Bt毒蛋白基因的分类;概述了Bt毒蛋白基因在杨树基因工程中的应用现状,探讨了当前杨树Bt抗虫基因工程中存在的主要问题,并展望了杨树抗虫基因工程在杨树遗传改良中的应用前景。     

Establishment of a transgenic system in fast-growing black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)

The AhDREB1 gene, cloned from Atriplex hortensis L., was transferred into black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) by an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The results suggest that stems of black locust sub-cultured in vitro for 20 d are suitable for genetic transformation. The optimum concentrations of kanamycin and cefotaxime were 30 and 150 mg.L-1, respectively. Impor-tant factors affecting the transformation efficiency were studied by means of a L9(34) orthogonal design. An effective system for ge-netic transformation in black locust was developed as follows: the stems were pre-cultured for 2 d, immersed in the Agrobacterium solution (OD6oo = 0.7) with 10 mg'L-1 acetosyringone for 21 min and then co-cultured for 2 d. The selection pressures, changing from low to high, could improve transformation efficiency. The transgenic plants were identified by a PCR method. The PCR results indicated that the AhDREB1 gene had been integrated into the genome of black locust and two lines of the transgenic plants were obtained.     

表达豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂转基因杨树的蛋白检测

对转豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因的三倍体毛白杨杂种 [(毛新杨×毛白杨 )×毛白杨 ]的可溶性总蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制剂蛋白的含量进行测定 .结果发现 ,与未转基因植株相比 ,所有供试转基因株系叶片中的总可溶性蛋白含量明显增加 ,但老叶的含量高于嫩叶 ,这表明转基因株系可溶性总蛋白含量增加可能是CpTI基因表达的结果或由于外源基因导入后引起杨树基因组中某些自身基因的表达所致 .转基因株系叶片中有较高含量CpTI,而对照叶片则检测不到CpTI,这进一步证实了CpTI基因已在转基因株系中得到稳定表达 .进一步比较发现 ,在供试的 5个无性系中 ,TG0 7、TG0 4和TG71在总蛋白含量和CpTI含量增加较为明显 .另外 ,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳胶分析发现 ,与未转基因植株相比 ,在所有供试转基因株系叶片中均出现一条分子量为 11.3kD的清晰蛋白带     

杨树炭疽病菌原生质体遗传转化的建立及绿色荧光蛋白的表达

以杨树炭疽病菌菌株C1-5-2作为受体,通过PEG介导的原生质体转化法,将含有潮霉素B(hph)和GFP表达基因的质粒gGFP转入杨树炭疽病菌菌丝的原生质体中。幼嫩菌丝在0.7mol·L-1NaCl溶解的1% Lysing enzyme酶解液的作用下酶解210min可以得到108·mL-1的原生质体;在PEG介导下,通过含有潮霉素浓度为300μg·mL-1的PDA选择培养基筛选转化子,每微克DNA获得41个转化子的平均转化效率。对转化子进行PCR鉴定表明:hph基因和GFP基因已经整合到杨树炭疽病菌转化子基因组中,通过荧光显微镜观察到转化子可以发出清晰的绿色荧光,且转化子的潮霉素抗性和GFP表达性状可以稳定遗传。     

中间锦鸡儿fad2基因片段克隆、反义表达载体构建及遗传转化初步研究

以我国重要的生物能源灌木--中间锦鸡儿枝叶和种子为材料,根据GenBank中已经发表fad2基因的同源序列,利用PCR技术克隆得到基因片段.在GenBank中Blast(GenBank登录号AY957393)所得基因片段和同属豆科的Glycine max Gmfad2-2a同源性高达88%,位于fad2基因编码区中部.将所得片段经BamHI和SacI酶切后插入表达载体质粒pBI121,构建了反义表达载体pBI121fad2,并利用农杆菌介导法转入烟草叶片,获得了抗卡那霉素和氨苄青霉素的再生烟草植株.初步分析结果表明:与对照烟草相比,转基因烟草种子脂肪酸含量没有明显差异,而亚油酸则减少10.3%.     

毛竹TIP基因成员鉴定及其响应胁迫的表达分析

液泡膜内在水通道蛋白（TIPs）在调节植物细胞膨压适应逆境胁迫环境过程中发挥着重要作用。研究毛竹TIP基因成员的分子特征及其在不同逆境胁迫条件下的表达模式,对揭示其在毛竹应答胁迫中的功能具有重要意义。利用生物信息学方法在毛竹基因组中共鉴定19个编码完整TIP蛋白的基因（PeTIP1-1~PeTIP1-3、PeTIP2-1~PeTIP2-4、PeTIP3-1~PeTIP3-2、PeTIP4-1~PeTIP4-7和PeTIP5-1~PeTIP5-3）;PeTIPs编码氨基酸的长度为238~434 aa,相对分子量为25.06~44.03 kDa;亚细胞位置预测显示,所有PeTIPs均定位于液泡膜上。PeTIPs包含7个保守基序,其中有4个为共有基序,不同成员的Ar/R选择性过滤器具有一定的差异,而Froger's残基均较为保守。系统进化分析显示,来自毛竹、水稻等6个物种的71条TIP氨基酸序列可分为5个分支,各分支中PeTIPs成员依次为3、4、2、7和3个。共线性分析结果表明,PeTIPs成员间共存在10对片段重复,在12个PeTIPs与水稻8个TIP基因间发现18对片段重复,这些重复基因多半发生在PeTIP4s和PeTIP5s中,且基因对的非同义对同义取代比（Ka/Ks）均小于1.0,表明PeTIPs经复制后的功能差异不大。在PeTIPs启动子区域中,发现多种与胁迫、激素响应相关的调控元件。基于叶片RNA-seq数据分析表明,不同PeTIPs响应低温、干旱和强光胁迫的表达模式均存在一定差异,既有显著性变化的成员（如PeTIP1-1和PeTIP1-2）,也有几乎无变化的成员（如PeTIP5的成员）。qPCR结果显示,在不同胁迫条件下毛竹叶片和根中的PeTIPs的表达模式不同,多数呈现不同程度的显著上调,亦有在某一处理下基因表达变化不明显（如强光下叶片中的PeTIP1-1、PeTIP1-3和PeTIP4-2;干旱下根中的PeTIP1-1和PeTIP1-2）,个别基因呈现下调（如低温下叶片中的PeTIP1-1）。毛竹叶片和根中PeTIPs的表达变化模式差异,说明它们在响应不同环境胁迫中可能发挥着不同的作用。     

Isolation and sequence analysis of a Dof protein gene （PtDof1） in Populus

Both cDNA and DNA clones of PtDof1(GenBank Accession No. FJ402844 and FJ402845) were isolated from plants grown in tissue culture of Populus tomentosa. The DNA sequence is 1597 bp including two exons and one intron. The cDNA is 969 bp in length with a 765 bp open reading frame which is capable of encoding 255 amino acids. The deduced amino acids sequence of the PtDof1 protein shares 65%,56% and 55% identity with Vitis vinifera(CAO48618) ,Nicotiana tabacum(CAA08755) and Glycine max(ABI16022) Dof protein by b...     

Cloning and RNAi construction of a LEAFY homologous gene from Populus tomentosa and preliminary study in tobacco

PtLFY, a LEAFY (LFY) gene, was cloned from Populus tomentosa (LM50) by PCR. Sequencing analysis indicated that PtLFY was 2 629 bp long, composed of three exons and two introns and encoded 378 amino acids. The splice donor sites and the splice acceptor sites were in identical positions to the LFY and its homologues. The amino acid sequence inferred was 68%-99% homologous to those of LFY and its homologues by blast analysis in GenBank. The Southern blot analysis indicated that there was a single copy of the PtLFY gene in genomic DNA of male and female P. tomentosa (LM50 and 5082). The pBI121-Ptalfy (reverse)-intron-Ptlfy-GUS-nos was constructed using RNA interference (RNAi) technique and verified by PCR and digestion identification and transformed into tobacco. Some transgenic tobacco plants were obtained by PCR and PCR-Southern identification. The growth was generally repressed in transgenic tobacco plants compared with wild-type ones and some phenotypic differences were observed. [Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30371175) and Postdoctoral Foundation of China (Grant No. 2002032041)]