DDGS的质量变异及评定

<正>DDGS是利用玉米等谷物生产酒精的副产物。主要由DDG(干酒精糟)和DDS(可溶性酒精糟滤液)组成,DDGS中含有约30%的DDS和70%的DDG,包含了玉米中除淀粉和糖以外的其他营养成分,如蛋白、脂肪、维生素等和发酵中产生的未知生长因子、糖化物、酵母等。与玉米(谷物)相比,DDGS营养成分的主要特点是低淀粉、高蛋白质、高脂肪和高可消化纤维     

饲料原料 DDGS介绍

DDGS(Corn distiller's grain solubles,玉米干酒糟及可容物 )，是玉米在生产酒精过程中经过糖化、发酵、蒸馏除酒精后得到的馀留物干燥处理的产物。它融入了糖化曲和酵母的营养成分和活性因子。是一种高蛋白、高营养、无任何抗营养因子的优质蛋白饲料原料。 DDGS由两部分组成：     

美国DDGS在饲料中的应用

DDGS(distillersdriedgrainswithsoluble),中文名有酒精糟及残液干燥物、玉米干酒糟及干燥含残液烧酒糟等,它是谷物(玉米、高粱、小麦、大麦和黑麦等)及薯类生产酒精过程中,剩余的发酵残留物(DG)经蒸馏、蒸发和低温干燥后的高蛋白质饲料。DDGS含有丰富的蛋白质,且不含抗营养因子,适合喂养家禽、家畜、水产品、特种动物及宠物,但在使用时必须考虑到其原料营养成分变异很大,赖氨酸及其他成分的利用率低等因素,并根据研究成果确定不同动物的饲料中适当的添加比例。     

饲用酶在猪和家禽的DDGS日粮中的功效(综述)

<正>干酒糟及其可溶物(Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles,DDGS)是酒精工业在用干法制造酒精过程中谷物淀粉发酵后产生的一种副产品。美国官方饲料控制协会对DDGS的定义为:谷物或谷物混合物经过酵母发酵,蒸馏除去酒精后,然后对剩余的残液进行至少75%浓缩并干燥后得到的产物。近年进行的多项试验结果证明,现代酒精工业中获得的DDGS是一     

DDGS及其生产工艺

1 关于DDGS DDGS ( Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles),即玉米干酒糟及其可溶物.DDGS由DDG和DDS组成,DDG(Distillers Dried Grains),是将玉米酒精糟作简单过滤,滤渣干燥,滤清液排放掉,只对滤渣单独干燥而获得的饲料,其中浓缩了玉米中除了淀粉和糖的其他营养成分,如蛋白、脂肪、维生素.     

DDGS在家禽日粮中的应用与研究进展

<正>DDGS(Distiller's Dried Grainswith Solubles)是以谷物(主要是玉米)为原料干法生产燃料酒精的一种副产物。在燃料酒精生产过程中,淀粉发酵得到乙醇,     

玉米脱水酒精糟及其可溶物的营养价值及在猪生产中的应用

玉米脱水酒精糟及其可溶物(DDGS)是以玉米为主要原料发酵制造酒精的过程中对酒糟进行加工处理之后得到的副产品。DDGS的许多营养成分含量都比玉米丰富,是新型优质的蛋白饲料原料,对DDGS进行合理的利用,能够降低饲料成本。1营养特性     

DDGS在畜禽日粮中的应用

1DDGS的营养价值酒精的生产工艺是利用淀粉酶将淀粉糖化,进而将糖转变成酒精。在生产酒精的过程中,谷物(玉     

低脂DDGS在动物生产上的应用研究

<正>DDGS是玉米深加工生产酒精(包括食用酒精、工业酒精、燃料乙醇)的副产物。随着人们对DDGS的了解越来越多,饲料企业越来越重视它的研究和使用。在国外,玉米DDGS饲料基本上来自于以玉米为原料生产燃料乙醇的工厂。在美国,大量来自玉米干粉酿酒的酒糟成为饲料配方的焦点。由于DDGS最大限度的保留了原谷物蛋白质等营养成分,并且还融入了糖化曲和酵母的营养成分和活性因子,     

DDGS在奶牛日粮中的应用概述

含可溶物干燥酒糟(DDGS)是谷物发酵生产酒精的一种副产品,其蛋白质、能量、磷及纤维含量较高,且价格低廉.本文主要对各种谷物来源DDGS的营养特性及其在奶牛日粮中的饲喂效果作一概述.     

浅谈人工乳、代乳料应用与推广

随着人们生活水平不断提高,对奶的需求也在逐步增加,乳牛饲养在辽宁省迅速发展起来.为满足市场需求解决供求之间的矛盾,在大力发展乳牛数量的同时,要不断改进乳牛的培育方法.     

Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products

For food evaluation the determination of the number of Staphylococcus aureus (hereinafter S. aureus) colonies is insufficient in view of present scientific knowledge. The results, advantages and shortcomings of diagnostic methods are demonstrated on an example of three methods of detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products. 133 strains were investigated by the method of biotyping of S. aureus strains. Four strains of S. aureus were included in biotype A, seven xin-producing strains were isolated seventeen times by detection of 96 S. aureus strains were not included in any biotype, the other strains belonged to biotypes C and E. This method can be used as an auxiliary method of evaluation of foods containing S. aureus bacteria. The agar-gel precipitation method of enterotoxin detection in isolated strains of S. aureus has just restricted validity. The enteroto-strains. The main shortcoming of this method is a fact that the result concerning the isolated strains need not be identical with the result of enterotoxin detection in food. Direct assays of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products using an enzymoimmunological method seem to be the most promising, mainly due to their high sensitivity (0.0001-0.001 micrograms.ml1-) and other advantages. Positive and negative results are presented on an example of two model trials with winter sheep milk cheese.     

生乳与巴氏杀菌乳中糠氨酸含量及其测定方法研究

本试验研究了生乳与巴氏杀菌乳中糠氨酸含量及其测定方法,并提出糠氨酸作为巴氏杀菌乳中复原乳成分的标示物质,可鉴定巴氏杀菌乳中是否掺入复原乳.研究结果表明,生乳中糠氨酸含量应低于7 mg/100 g;乳粉中糠氨酸含量大于135 mg/100 g;不含复原乳的巴氏杀菌乳中糠氨酸含量应小于12 mg/100 g.使用高效液相色谱(HPLC)紫外检测糠氨酸平均偏差＜5%(n=5);回收率为98.2%.     

牦牛乳及乳制品、犏牛和黑白花奶牛乳的脂肪酸组成分析

用气相色谱 质谱联用仪(GC MS)对牦牛乳、黑白花奶牛乳、犏牛乳及牦牛乳制品（奶油、酥油、曲拉、酸奶）中的脂肪酸组成进行了测定。结果表明,牦牛乳中功能性脂肪酸,如共轭亚油酸（CLA）、亚油酸（LA）、α 亚麻酸（ALA）、γ 亚麻酸（GLA）占总脂肪酸的比重均显著高于犏牛乳和黑白花奶牛乳（P＜0.05）;犏牛乳中ω 6/ω 3 PUFA的比值（1.55）略高于牦牛乳（1.54）,差异不显著（P＞0.05）,但都在最佳膳食平衡比值范围内,黑白花奶牛乳中ω 6/ω 3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的比值（11.33）超过了推荐最佳比值。加工处理能够改变乳制品脂肪酸的构成,如牦牛乳奶油中检测出原奶中所不含的一种亚油酸（18:2Δ8c,11c）。酥油主要以不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）为主,而曲拉主要以饱和脂肪酸（SFA）为主,牦牛酸奶中没有检测到GLA。     

Housing of Norwegian goat herds and associations with milk yield and milk quality

Abstract

Data from a questionnaire regarding housing factors were merged with data from the milk recording databases (herd mean annual milk yield per goat, somatic cell count (SCC) and bulk milk bacterial count), and the material included 235 herds. Associations with housing factors were tested at herd level and at individual goat level. Housing in insulated buildings with no access to outdoor areas during the winter season, expanded metal grating and no use of bedding predominated. None of the housing factors evaluated were significantly associated with milk yield. In herds using water nipples, SCC was lower compared to herds using water bowls. SCC was also lower in herds with milking facilities in separate milking stalls as compared with combined feeding milking stalls in common pens. No significant associations were found between housing factors and bacterial counts, but the counts were lower in herds with high average milk yields per goat.     

Tropical milk production systems and milk quality: a review

We reviewed information on dairy cattle production systems in the tropics, the factors involved, and their influence on milk composition. Genetic factors had greater influence on milk production; specialized breeds produced more milk, and there was an inverse relation between the content of fat, protein, total solids, and the amount of milk produced. Season was related to the availability of forage, and the type of grazing system. Greater pasture area increased individual production, while a greater supply of feed concentrate did not increase milk production. The number of calvings positively affected milk production through the fifth calving, with subsequent declines in production. Milk production increased to a maximum and then declined as lactation progressed. Specialized systems had higher production and better hygienic milk quality; milking and container equipment are critical for maintaining milk sanitary quality. Factor interaction is highly complex, preventing the generation of specific recommendations and general principles applicable to the specific conditions for each system.

     

Diet-induced milk fat depression: Association with changes in milk fatty acid composition and fluidity of milk fat

This experiment was designed to examine changes in milk fatty acids during fish oil-induced milk fat depression (MFD) and to test the theory that these changes are related to milk fat fluidity. The experiment was divided into three periods: 1) Baseline: all cows (n = 12) received a high fiber diet without fish oil (FO) for 12 days; 2) Treatment: 4 cows/group received the following treatments for 21 days: a) Low fiber diet without FO (LF), b) High fiber diet + FO (HF + FO) and c) Low fiber diet + FO (LF + FO); 3) Post-treatment: cows returned to the baseline diet and were monitored for 12 days. FO was included at 1.6% DM and HF and LF diets had 40 and 26% NDF, respectively. Milk fat content and yield were unchanged by the LF diet, but were reduced by FO diets at both dietary fiber levels and recovered in the post-treatment period. FO diets caused a pronounced reduction in stearic and oleic acid concentrations in milk fat and an equally pronounced increase in trans-18:1 fatty acid concentrations. Milk fat mean melting point (MMP) was correlated with MFD (r = 0.73) and with milk oleic acid concentration (r = − 0.92). The ratio of oleic:stearic in milk fat increased gradually and consistently in response to FO. Trans-C18:1 isomers with double bounds at carbon ≤ 10 increased with greater MFD and those with double bonds at carbon ≥ 11 decreased with greater MFD. Trans-9 cis-11 CLA explained more than 80% of MFD and was strongly correlated with trans-10 C18:1. Maintenance of MMP below 39–40 °C suggests that the mammary gland was able to secrete only milk fat with adequate fluidity and that MFD could be an adaptation mechanism to prevent secretion of milk with higher MMP.     

鲜乳及发酵乳中SOD和T-AOC的活性变化

对10份鲜牛乳以98℃煮沸5 min消毒后用乳酸杆菌发酵制作酸乳,测定了发酵前后乳中SOD的活性和T-AOC的变化.结果发酵前SOD活性和T-AOC分别为54.44 U/mL±10.37 U/mL,4.86 U/mL±2.06 U/mL;发酵后SOD活性和T-AOC分别为:66.96 U/mL±6.45 U/mL,7.97 U/mL±3.51 U/mL.发酵乳SOD活性升高了23%,T-AOC升高了64%(均P《0.01).