奶牛胎衣不下的防治

胎衣不下是指奶牛分娩后12h胎衣未排出体外的病理现象,是奶牛常见的一种产科病。使部分奶牛被迫提前淘汰,给奶牛生产造成极大的经济损失。1发病原因1.1饲养管理方面奶牛在妊娠期,尤其是妊娠后期由于饲料饲草单纯或日粮配比不合理,C a、P比例失调或不足,及缺乏与奶牛繁殖有关的矿物质、微量元素、维生素,奶牛过肥或过瘦弱,运动不足导致肌肉紧张性降低而引起子宫驰缓、产后子宫收缩无力。1.2子宫收缩无力、弛缓多见于奶牛怀双胎、胎儿过大、胎水过多、产程过长等使子宫扩张疲劳,收缩无力或胎盘发生充血,水肿不易脱落,机械性损伤或其他因素引…     

奶牛胎衣不下的综合防治措施

胎衣不下,又名胎衣滞留。是指母牛分娩后超过12h还未完全排出胎衣者,即为胎衣不下。胎衣滞留常易引起子宫内膜炎,甚至继发其它疾病产生。如果治疗不及时,常导致发情延迟或配种次数增加。从而引起繁殖率下降,给畜主造成严重的经济损失。为此对奶牛胎衣不下应给予高度重视。     

奶牛胎衣不下的发生规律和综合防治

胎衣不下也称胎衣滞留．是指正常母牛分娩后8。12h之内胎衣不能自然排出。胎衣不下是奶牛的一种常见疾病．常常引起子宫炎症．影响奶牛的正常受孕和产奶．而且可以导致其它疾病的发生．甚至可能发生败血症．危及奶牛生命。为了深入探讨奶牛胎衣不下的发生规律和发病特点．制定出合理有效的综合防治措施．针对我场的实际情况．我们进行了相关的调查和分析。     

奶牛胎衣不下的防治

胎衣不下又名胎盘停滞,是影响奶牛生产的多发疾病之一,治疗不及时或不妥时奶牛发生败血症,甚至死亡.奶牛胎衣不下的发生与奶牛产后子宫收缩无力、胎盘组织结构发生异常、国产期营养代谢紊乱、生殖内分泌激素紊乱、机体免疫状态失调等关系密切.本文针对奶牛胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,供同仁参考借鉴.     

奶牛胎衣不下的发生规律与综合防治研究

本文对共和县沙珠玉乡达连海村奶牛养殖厂中所饲养的奶牛进行跟踪记录,对一年内奶牛胎衣不下的情况进行统计分析.经调查研究发现,奶牛胎衣不下概率与胎次成正比,相比于产母犊奶牛来说,产公犊发病率略高,呈季节性发病,P<0.05差异有统计学意义.本文从生产实际的角度出发,对胎衣不下的预防与治疗进行了详细的阐述与分析,以供参考.     

奶牛胎衣不下的防治

奶牛胎衣不下是奶牛场的常见病，多发病。尤其在青粗饲料喂量不足的奶牛场发病率更高。胎衣不下的奶牛容易继发产后子宫内膜炎及其他疾病，导致奶牛不孕，对奶牛场危害极大。奶牛胎衣不下防治方法较多。笔者采用产后肌注雌二醇十催产素进行防治奶牛胎衣不下效果很好，介绍如下：１材料与方法１．１病牛为合肥市两牧场中国荷斯坦母牛。分娩后３－ ６小时，检查胎衣不下或胎衣未下尽 １３４头，随机分组，用药组７８头，未用药组５６头。ｌ．２药物：苯甲酸雌二醇，南京动物激素厂生产［兽用］，批号９８０５２０；催产素，蚌埠康达生物医药有…     

广西荷斯坦奶牛胎衣不下的病因、发病规律及防制措施

奶牛胎衣不下常会引起奶牛子宫内膜炎,降低产奶量,延长产犊周期甚至引起败血症,给奶牛养殖业造成巨大的经济损失。作者针对广西奶牛胎衣不下发生原因、发病规律及综合防制措施进行调查分析,总结一些有效的预防和治疗胎衣不下的措施,旨在为南方地区奶牛业全面降低胎衣不下发病率提供参考资料。     

奶牛布氏杆菌病综合防治措施

本文对布氏杆菌病流行情况,目前存在的隐患及综合防治措施进行了探讨.     

奶牛产后胎衣不下原因调查分析及防治

在奶牛养殖领域有不少牛因为长时间胎衣不下滞留在子宫中造成终身不孕,使奶牛利用年限极大缩短,养殖场淘汰率显著升高。为进一步探明青海省门源县奶牛产后胎衣不下的主要原因,于2020年对门源县养殖的奶牛胎衣不下进行深入调查,并明确了造成胎衣不下的主要原因,提出相应的防治措施。     

奶牛乳房炎的综合防治

奶牛乳房炎是奶牛乳腺受物理、化学刺激,以及病原微生物感染而引起的乳腺炎症,并且造成乳汁的物理和化学性质发生改变的一种常见疾病。乳房炎根据临床表现可以分为隐性乳房炎和临床乳房炎。隐性乳房炎是指肉眼看不见乳汁和乳房变化,不显现任何乳房临床症状,但乳汁用细菌学检查和生物化学检查已经发生明显变化,奶中体细胞计数在20万～50万个／ml之间。     

奶牛蹄病发生规律及综合防控措施

为了降低奶牛蹄病的发病率,促进奶牛业健康发展,笔者对某大型奶牛场开展了奶牛蹄病发生规律的调查及综合防控措施研究。结果表明,该奶牛场蹄病年平均发病率达24.2%,其中:不同季节奶牛蹄病的发病率以第三季度最高,达39.8%;不同年龄奶牛蹄病的发病率以5～7岁最高,达39.1%;不同胎次奶牛蹄病的发病率以第4胎次最高,达45.4%;泌乳奶牛蹄病的发病率随泌乳量的增加而升高。自采取综合防控措施以来,该规模化奶牛场蹄病发病率逐年下降,由2006年的34.7%下降至2010年的11.9%,防控效果显著。     

胎衣不下奶牛母体胎盘α-烯醇化酶异常表达分析及验证

试验通过对胎衣不下奶牛母体胎盘组织中差异α-烯醇化酶(enolase,ENO1)的分析验证,探讨ENO1在胎衣不下中的作用。本研究选取了年龄、胎次、体重和泌乳量均相近的产后胎衣不下和产后胎衣正常排出奶牛各3头,分为两组,提取了胎衣不下组与胎衣正常排出组母体胎盘组织中的总蛋白,采用双向凝胶电泳的方法筛选出差异蛋白,并利用Western blotting及实时荧光定量PCR的方法对其中差异表达量大的ENO1进行验证。结果发现,胎衣不下组和胎衣正常组母体胎盘组织中ENO1差异表达量大且倍数较大,Western blotting及实时荧光定量PCR验证发现ENO1在胎衣不下奶牛母体胎盘中的表达量升高,t检验结果分别为P=0.015<0.05,差异显著;P=0.001<0.01,差异极显著。该基因参与机体的能量调节、免疫和纤溶等过程,而这些过程与奶牛胎衣不下密切相关,提示ENO1可能参与该病的发生发展。     

Analysis and Validation of the Differentially Expressed ENO1 in the Maternal Placenta of Cow with Retained Foetal Membrane

The paper aimed to analyze and validate the function of differentially expressed ENO1 in the cow with retained foetal membrane.In our research,we chose three healthy Holstein dairy cows and three Holstein dairy cows with retained foetal membrane of similar age,foetal times,weight and milk yield and divided them into two groups.The total protein of maternal placenta was extracted in the control and retained foetal membrane of cow.The differential expression of proteins were found out by the 2-DIGE,and the differential expression of ENO1 was validated by the Western blotting and Real-time quantitative PCR.The results showed that ENO1 was significant expression and large multiple in the two groups,and it was significant increased expression in the retained foetal membrane of cow after Western blotting and Real-time quantitative PCR (P=0.015<0.05;P=0.001<0.01).The ENO1 participated in the energy homeostasis,immune and fibrinolysis process which related to the retained foetal membrane of cow.It suggested that ENO1 was likely connected with the retained foetal membrane.     

Poly(ADP-Ribose) Glycohydrolase in Bovine Retained and Not Retained Placenta

Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) is the enzyme which degrades poly(ADP-ribose) polymers synthesized by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Both enzymes are activated in response to different stimuli like oxidative stress and are involved in DNA repair processes. The retention of bovine foetal membranes (RFM) is supposed to be connected with oxidative stress conditions. The aim of the study was to detect the presence of PARG protein in bovine placenta in order to find the relationship between the process of releasing, retaining placenta and DNA repair. Placentomes, collected alter spontaneous delivery or caesarian section were divided into maternal as well as foetal part of placenta, homogenized and subjected to electrophoresis. Animals were divided into six groups as follows: A--caesarian section before term with RFM; B--caesarian section before term without RFM; C--spontaneous delivery at term with RFM; D--spontaneous delivery at term without RFM; E--caesarian section at term with RFM; F--caesarian section at term without RFM. PARG protein was detected in nitrocellulose membranes using commercially available bovine anti-PARG antibody and Western blotting technique. Single bands referred to bovine PARG standard were observed in all examined tissues as well as in human placenta used as the control of procedure. In addition, the intensity of staining was stronger in retained than properly released term placenta and in foetal than in maternal part of the placenta. These results may suggest the differences in enzyme protein content and careful conclusions can be drawn that the activities of PARG may be altered between compared groups of animals. It may confirm the presence of oxidative stress conditions and their consequences on metabolic pathways, the content of biologically active substances and processes of proper releasing placenta. Further experiments on PARG activity in bovine foetal membranes with respect to proper and improper placental release are necessary.     

Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Bovine Retained and Not Retained Placenta

Contents Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) synthesizes poly(ADP-ribose) in response to DNA strand breaks using NAD⁺ as a substrate. It leads to consequences for metabolism not only on a cellular level, but also on a tissue level, among others: NAD⁺ and ATP depletion. Retention of foetal membranes (RF) in cows is supposed to be connected with the imbalance between production and neutralization of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins. The aim of this preliminary study was to detect the presence of PARP in bovine placenta and to describe the enzyme with respect to type of placental tissue, time and mode of delivery. Placentomes, collected after spontaneous delivery or caesarian section, were divided into maternal and foetal parts of placenta, homogenized, and subjected to electrophoresis. Cows were divided into six groups as follows: (A) caesarian section before term with RF, (B) caesarian section before term without RF, (C) spontaneous delivery at term with RF, (D) spontaneous delivery at term without RF, (E) caesarian section at term with RF, (F) caesarian section at term without RF. PARP was detected by Western blotting using commercially available bovine anti PARP antibody. Bands referred to as bovine PARP standard were present in all examined tissues as well as the products of its cleavage. However, the patterns of bands were different with respect to type of tissue, time, and mode of delivery. Further experiments on detailed relationship between PARP activity and the process of releasing and retaining of bovine placenta are necessary.     

奶牛子宫内膜炎的病因与综合防制

奶牛子宫内膜炎是影响奶牛生产效益的一种常见疾病。本文通过对引起奶牛子宫内膜炎的致病微生物、引发奶牛子宫内膜炎的常见因素、奶牛子宫内膜炎的类型及诊断特征、奶牛子宫内膜炎的治疗方法和预防措施进行了详细的阐述,旨在为广大奶牛养殖者提供参考。