响应面法优化低糖核桃营养派制作工艺研究

以核桃仁为原料,木糖醇为甜味剂,辅以燕麦片、麦芽糖、重瓣干玫瑰花瓣以及黑芝麻制作低糖核桃营养派.以核桃仁去皮浸泡时间、核桃仁烘烤时间、燕麦片添加量和木糖醇添加量为影响因素,利用感官评价和质构分析研究对成品品质的影响.在单因素试验的基础上,根据Box-Behnken响应面试验设计方法对低糖核桃营养派进行配方和工艺优化,结果表明:低糖核桃营养派的最佳工艺参数为:核桃仁添加量100 g,核桃仁去皮浸泡时间23 min,核桃仁烘烤温度160℃,核桃仁烘烤时间18 min,麦芽糖添加量10 g,燕麦片添加量20 g,木糖醇添加量13 g.在此条件下制得的低糖核桃营养派感官评分为95分,经过优化后的配方和工艺加工而成的低糖核桃营养派具有营养全面,搭配合理,风味独特的优点.     

燕麦甜醅加工工艺优化

在传统燕麦甜醅加工的基础上,以脱皮燕麦为原料,通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken设计试验,采用响应面法优化燕麦甜醅的发酵工艺参数,得到最佳加工工艺为:浸泡时间2.0 h,蒸煮时间1.0 h,加曲量2.0 g/kg,发酵温度28.0℃,发酵时间52.5 h,在此工艺参数下加工的燕麦甜醅,具有甜醅特有的色泽、香味,风味柔和,酸甜适口,麦粒分明,有一定咀嚼性,感官评分达到96.1分。     

绿豆酥性饼干的制作工艺

以绿豆和低筋面粉为主要原料制作绿豆酥性饼干,通过单因素试验和正交试验,以感官评价和质构分析的综合评分为指标,确定了绿豆酥性饼干的最佳工艺配方为绿豆粉35 g,白砂糖30 g,黄油35 g。通过正交设计试验确定了制作绿豆酥性饼干的最佳烘烤条件为面火温度190℃,底火温度180℃,烘烤时间10 min,并且通过SAS软件分析,感官评分和质构数据中饼干硬度呈负相关且相关性显著。     

响应面法优化兰州百合皂甙提取工艺

以兰州百合为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,通过Box-Behnken响应面分析法优化兰州百合皂甙的最佳提取工艺条件,考察提取温度、乙醇体积分数、液固比和回流时间对其皂甙提取率影响.结果表明,4个因素对兰州百合皂甙提取率影响的大小依次为提取温度＞回流时间＞乙醇体积分数＞液固比.确定的最佳工艺条件为提取温度70℃,乙醇体积分数80％,液固比10∶1,回流时间3h,在此条件下兰州百合皂甙的提取率可达到54.90％.     

预制调理包子加工工艺优化及速冻条件的研究

为了改善预制调理包子的口感与风味,实现产品的标准化加工,以感官评分和质构分析为评价指标,结合单因素试验和响应面优化试验,研究了不同工艺条件对预制调理包子品质的影响,优化了预制调理包子的加工工艺.结果 表明,预制调理包子最佳工艺条件为:酵母添加量1.01％,发酵时间79 min,馅料面粉比4∶5,醒发时间40 min.最佳工艺条件下得到的产品形状挺拔完整,质地良好,光泽明亮,口感佳.对不同储藏温度下储藏5d的预制调理包子进行质构和感官评分分析,得出-20℃为最佳储藏温度.     

核桃红枣复合饮料加工工艺的研究

以核桃、红枣为主要原料,研究核桃红枣复合饮料的加工工艺。结果表明:核桃仁烘烤的最佳工艺条件为110℃温度烘烤20 min;核桃仁适宜打浆温度为80℃;核桃红枣复合饮料的最佳配方为:核桃浆添加量20%,红枣汁添加量20%,蜂蜜添加量8%,pH为6.5~7.0;最佳稳定剂配方为:卡拉胶0.07%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.07%、黄原胶0.08%和单硬脂酸甘油酯0.25%。制得的核桃红枣复合型保健饮料风味独特,口味柔和纯正,组织状态良好,营养丰富,具有广阔的市场前景。     

酸枣叶保健饼干的研制

以低筋面粉为主要原料,添加不同量的酸枣叶粉、绵白糖、鸡蛋,设置不同的烘烤温度及烘烤时间,以感官品质评价为指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验相结合的方法确定酸枣叶保健饼干最佳工艺条件。结果表明,酸枣叶饼干最优工艺为：低筋面粉100 g,酸枣叶粉3 g,绵白糖35 g,鸡蛋50 g,碳酸氢钠0.8 g,泡打粉2 g,淀粉3 g,烘烤温度为145 ℃,烘烤时间为17 min,所烘烤的饼干具有良好的感官品质,色泽均匀,有酸枣叶独特的风味,甜度适中,质地细腻。     

响应面法优化富含L-乳酸小米发酵饮料的工艺研究

以小米为原料,采用打浆、糖化、液化、发酵等工艺制备富含L-乳酸的小米发酵饮料。研究发酵剂接种量、大豆分离蛋白添加量、发酵温度、发酵时间等因素对L-乳酸含量及感官评分的影响,采用响应面法优化工艺参数,确定最佳的工艺参数为发酵温度36.6℃,发酵剂接种量3.15%,氮源添加量2.86%,发酵时间7.76 h。由此得到L-乳酸含量为10.53 mg/mL,感官评分为88.3分。     

新型烤蛋关键工艺参数的研究

为了研发口感好、风味独特的新型烤蛋制品,对烤蛋采用冷冻、卤制、烘烤、上色4种关键工艺参数进行了研究。结果表明,在-5^-16℃冷冻24 h后的鸡蛋不会出现破裂的现象,冷冻温度为-16℃时蛋黄的弹性最大;最佳的卤制温度和时间组合为70℃,4 h;最佳的烘烤温度和时间组合为190℃,17 min;麦芽糖质量分数5%,其浸泡时间45 min时,成品颜色最佳。     

响应面法优化新疆卡提拉玛加工工艺研究

以高筋小麦粉为主要原料,采用一次发酵法制作新疆卡提拉玛,以新疆卡提拉玛的感官评价值为考察指标,比较了和面时间、发酵时间、焙烤时间、面火温度、底火温度等加工工艺条件对新疆卡提拉玛感官品质的影响。通过加工工艺响应面优化试验得出影响新疆卡提拉玛感官品质的因素从大到小依次是:B(发酵时间)D(面火温度)E(底火温度)C(焙烤时间)A(和面时间)。响应面优化得出最佳试验条件为:和面时间30 min,发酵时间61 min,焙烤时间20 min,面火温度201℃,底火温度182℃,在此条件下制得的新疆卡提拉玛感官品质最佳,口感醇香、色泽金黄、质地酥脆、层次分明、无焦糊现象、具有奶皮特有香气,感官品质评分为92.47分。该研究为新疆卡提拉玛的实际生产与加工提供了理论依据。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Laboratorial Method of Determining Limit of Yielding of Material

Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel.