利用RNA干扰介导抗病性获得兼抗四种病毒的转基因马铃薯

为获得兼抗马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X,PVX)、马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)、马铃薯卷叶病毒(Potato leaf roll virus,PLRV)和马铃薯潜隐花叶病毒(Potato virus S,PVS)4种病毒的转基因马铃薯新材料,分别以这4种病毒全长CP基因为模板,通过设计PCR引物和亚克隆获得4种病毒CP基因相对保守区段的基因片段,并将其拼接成融合基因,以载体pHANNIBAL和pBI121为基础,构建RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)载体,利用农杆菌介导的转基因体系进行马铃薯遗传转化,并对获得的转基因马铃薯进行病毒抗性检测。结果表明,所获得的融合基因片段RH1和RH2,酶切鉴定分别得到长度为1 200 bp的条带,与预期片段相符;构建了含pdk内含子和RH1、RH2融合基因的RNAi植物表达载体,经Bam H I/Sac I双酶切,获得长度约3 200 bp的片段,表明RNAi植物表达载体pBI121-pRH构建成功;转化易感病毒马铃薯品种陇薯11号,PCR检测和PCRSouthern杂交分析表明融合基因已整合到陇薯11号马铃薯基因组中;抗病性检测显示4株转基因马铃薯植株对4种病毒均免疫。表明利用RNAi可筛选出抗多种病毒的转基因马铃薯新种质。     

利用RNA介导的抗病性获得抗2种病毒的转基因烟草

 RNA介导的病毒抗性(RMVR)是近年发展起来的一种新的植物抗病毒基因工程策略,具有抗病性强、抗性持久、生物安全性高等特点。利用该策略培育多抗病毒植株具有广阔的应用前景和重要的实践意义。本研究将非翻译的马铃薯X病毒的衣壳蛋白(PVX-CP)基因和非翻译的马铃薯Y病毒的衣壳蛋白(PVY-CP)基因组成嵌合基因,构建植物表达载体pROKXY,利用农杆菌介导法转化烟草NC89,获得6株对PVX和PVY的混合侵染表现为免疫的转基因植株。分子分析表明,这种抗性为RNA介导的病毒抗性。这一研究结果为利用RMVR进行植物多抗病毒育种提供了重要数据和资料。     

马铃薯Y病毒复制酶基因不同位置cDNA区段介导对PVY的不同抗性

为探究靶序列位置对RNA介导的病毒抗性产生的影响,利用聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术扩增马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)复制酶基因(nuclear inclusion b,NIb)不同位置的cDNA区段,反向插入双元载体pROKII中,构建了发夹RNA(hairpin RNA,hpR-NA)结构的植物表达载体。将构建的植物表达载体采用冻融法转入农杆菌LBA4404,叶盘法转化烟草NC89,获得转基因植株。攻毒试验表明:PVYNIb基因不同位置cDNA区段介导的对PVY的抗性存在显著差异;3′端1/2处和中间位置的序列可介导高水平的病毒抗性,抗性植株的比例在50%以上,而5′端、5′端1/2处和3′端的序列介导的抗性效率较低,抗性植株的比例仅为10%~30%。Northern杂交显示:抗病植株中RNA的积累量明显低于同类型的感病植株,抗性与RNA积累量呈负相关;抗病转基因植株中有siRNA存在,表明病毒抗性是由RNA介导的。     

马铃薯Y病毒HC-Pro、CI、NIb和CP基因介导的病毒抗性比较研究

 根据已克隆的马铃薯Y病毒坏死株系(PVY^N)的基因组序列设计引物,利用PCR扩增HC-Pro、CI、NIb和CP4个基因的3'端400bp cDNA区段,分别反向插入含有査尔酮合成酶基因(Chalcone synthase,CHS)内含子的双元载体pRCHS中,构建了含内含子的发夹结构RNA (intron splicing hpRNA,ihpRNA)表达载体pRCHS-HC-Pro、pRCHS-CI、pRCHS-NIb和pRCHS-CP。利用农杆菌介导法转化烟草品种NC89,获得了多种转基因植株。病毒抗性检测的结果显示:转pRCHS-HC-Pro、pRCHS-CI、pRCHS-NIb和pRCHS-CP的烟草中,抗性植株的比例分别为55.34%、73.69%、61.54%和84.21%。大分子RNA和siRNA的Northern blot分析表明,目的片段转录产物的积累量与转基因植株的抗病性呈负相关,转基因植株中可检测到siRNA,说明所获得的抗病性是RNA沉默介导的。     

利用RNA介导的抗病性获得高度抗马铃薯Y病毒的转基因烟草

 以马铃薯Y病毒坏死株系(PVY^N)的RNA为模板,应用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法,扩增出长度为801 bp的非翻译的马铃薯Y病毒外壳蛋白基因。将扩增的片段克隆到pBSK的BamHI和KpnI之间并进行了序列测定。用BamHI和KpnI从重组克隆载体上切下该基因并插入到质粒pROKII内得到植物表达载体pPVYCP。通过根癌农杆菌(LBA4404)介导的方法转化烟草NC89,经卡那霉素抗性筛选、PCR和Southern blot检测,获得82株转基因植株。Northern blot和Western blot分析表明,转基因植株只在RNA水平上得到了表达。抗病性试验表明转基因植株之间抗性水平存在着差异,其中有7株是对PVY^N高度抗病性的植株。转基因植株抗病特异性试验初步表明,对PVY^N表现高度抗病的植株对PVY^O也具有高度抗病性。     

马铃薯X病毒运动蛋白基因的原核表达、抗血清制备及应用

构建马铃薯X病毒运动蛋白(P25)原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS中诱导表达融合蛋白,所表达的P25蛋白经SDS-PAGE电泳纯化后免疫小鼠,抗血清效价为1∶4000,抗血清与PVX有特异性反应(P/N>2),且具有较强的反应特异性,而与PVY、TMV均不发生反应.该方法制备的抗血清可用于ELISA检测PVX感病植株及Western blot检测转基因植株.     

内质网应激因子NAC089突变体的创建及其对病毒侵染胁迫的响应

 有研究表明烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV)或黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV)侵染烟草能够激活转录因子NbNAC089,从ER膜移至细胞核。为进一步阐释内质网应激因子NbNAC089对病毒侵染胁迫的响应机制,利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建敲除载体,经烟草遗传转染获得NbNAC089基因突变植株。植株接种病毒后采用qRT-PCR检测病毒CP基因和寄主UPR基因的表达。结果表明:CRISPR/Cas9系统定点敲除NbNAC089基因后,目的基因靶位点序列有碱基的置换与缺失。正常生长条件下,转基因植株与野生型无差异。植株接种TMV-GFP后24~96 h,突变体中UPR基因(BiP、bZIP28、bZIP60)的表达量显著高于野生型;接种TMV-GFP后2~6 d突变体中病毒的积累量和扩展速度显著高于野生型。表明NbNAC089为UPR的抑制因子,对病毒增殖具有负调控作用。     

马铃薯X病毒荧光定量PCR检测体系的建立及应用

马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X,PVX)是危害茄科作物的一种重要病毒,为了建立特异性检测PVX的实时荧光定量PCR体系,本研究以PVX-1985分离物中外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)基因序列为模板,设计引物构建重组质粒并选择扩增效率高、特异性强的引物成功构建出标准曲线。利用建立的体系,成功检测到以含pCaPVX440侵染性克隆载体的农杆菌C58C1接种后的本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana)中PVX病毒RNA的拷贝数。     

转二价核酶基因马铃薯及抗病性研究

 用克隆的特异性切割马铃薯卷叶病毒(Potato leaf roll virus,PLRV)复制酶基因负链RNA的二价核酶基因,构建植物表达载体pROKⅡ/DR,经土壤农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导叶盘法转化马铃薯外植体,获得再生植株。PCR和Southern-blot检测,证明目的基因已成功地导入马铃薯再生植株,其转化率约为14.5%,并能够在无性繁殖后代植株中稳定存在。RT-PCR检测表明,再生马铃薯植株中的二价核酶基因可以转录表达。经病毒接种的转基因马铃薯株系L5、L7、L8和J-1的无性繁殖后代在继发感染中仍表现出较高的抗病性,为最终获得抗PLRV马铃薯新品系打下了基础。     

转基因烟草中PVYN CP基因沉默及其介导的抗病性受温度的调控

 本研究以转不可翻译的马铃薯Y病毒坏死株系外壳蛋白基因(PVY^N CP)烟草的T₃代植株为材料,在获得高度抗病植株并证明转基因植株的抗病性是由RNA沉默介导的基础上,采用Northern杂交及ELISA检测病毒的方法,分析了温度对转基因烟草中RNA沉默以及转基因植株抗病水平的影响。结果表明,低温可以改变转基因植株中已发生的RNA沉默和转基因植株的抗病状态。在15℃低温下生长的转基因植株,转基因产生的RNA沉默被抑制,转基因植株失去了对PVY^N高度抗病的特性,表现感病症状;而在25℃或以上高温(30℃、35℃)下生长的转基因植株,转基因产生的RNA沉默没有发生被抑制的现象,转基因植株对PVY^N病毒的侵染仍保持高度抗病性。     

Transgenic potato plants expressing the potato virus X (PVX) coat protein gene developed resistance to the viral infection

The gene coding for potato virus X (PVX) coat protein (CP) was expressed in transgenic potato plants obtained byAgrobacterium tumefaciens transformation. One hundred independent clones were analyzed in challenge experiments for resistance to PVX infection under greenhouse conditions as a preliminary test. From this test, 16 clones with the best resistance results were selected for a small-scale field trial. Clones 54, 60, 73 and 91 demonstrated the best values of resistance to PVX in the field. Statistical analysis of the field trial showed significant differences between means of optical density obtained in ELISA from transgenic clones and non-transformed plants (P<0.05). There was correspondence between resistance to virus infection and expression of the CP gene of PVX virus in the analyzed clones. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 21, 2002. Corresponding author [e-mail: vivian.doreste@cigb.edu.cu].     

Evaluation of the resistance of transgenic potato plants expressing various levels of Cry3A against the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) in the laboratory and field

BACKGROUND: The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, is a destructive pest. The CPB is a quarantine pest in China, but has now invaded the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and is continuing to spread eastwards. To control the damage and overspreading, transgenic potato plants expressing Cry3A toxin were developed, and their resistance to CPB was evaluated by bioassays in the laboratory and field in 2009, 2010 and 2011. RESULTS: The insect resistance of the high‐dose (HD) transgenic lines was significantly greater than the middle‐dose (MD) and low‐dose (LD) transgenic lines regarding leaf consumption, biomass accumulation and mortality. The HD and MD transgenic lines showed 100% mortality when inoculated with first‐ and second‐instar larvae; however, the LD transgenic lines showed about 50% mortality. The HD transgenic lines exhibited a significantly higher yield than the MD and LD transgenic lines owing to their high CPB resistance. CONCLUSION: Commercially available transgenic potato plants with above 0.1% Cry3A of total soluble protein and NT control refugia could control damage, delay adaptation and halt dispersion eastwards. The two HD transgenic lines developed in this study, PAH1 and PAH2, are ideal for use as cultivars or germplasm to breed new cultivars. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Molecular breeding for virus resistant potato plants

To engineer resistance against potato virus X (PVX), the viral coat protein (CP) gene has been introduced into two potato cultivars. Stable expression of the gene in transgenic clones throughout the growing season has been obtained and resulted in considerably increased virus resistance. With varying frequencies depending on the original cultivar used, true-to-type PVX resistant transgenic clones have been obtained. Since deviant light sprout characteristics were invariably associated with aberrations in plant phenotype, they can be used in procedures to early screen for deviations. Furthermore, it has been possible to unequivocally discriminate between the original untransformed and independent transgenic cultivars. Although no relation has been found between the presence, if any, of the CP of potato virus Y (PVY) or potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in CP gene transgenic potato, appreciable levels of resistance to these viruses has been obtained. This suggests that the mechanism by which a viral CP gene in the potato genome evokes resistance, differs amongst various viruses.     

Molecular breeding for virus resistant potato plants

To engineer resistance against potato virus X (PVX), the viral coat protein (CP) gene has been introduced into two potato cultivars. Stable expression of the gene in transgenic clones throughout the growing season has been obtained and resulted in considerably increased virus resistance. With varying frequencies depending on the original cultivar used, true-to-type PVX resistant transgenic clones have been obtained. Since deviant light sprout characteristics were invariably associated with aberrations in plant phenotype, they can be used in procedures to early screen for deviations. Furthermore, it has been possible to unequivocally discriminate between the original untransformed and independent transgenic cultivars. Although no relation has been found between the presence, if any, of the CP of potato virus Y (PVY) or potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in CP gene transgenic potato, appreciable levels of resistance to these viruses has been obtained. This suggests that the mechanism by which a viral CP gene in the potato genome evokes resistance, differs amongst various viruses.     

马铃薯转GhABF2转录因子苗耐盐性研究

以转GhABF2转录因子马铃薯试管苗为材料,进行苗期耐盐性研究,以期了解该作物对逆境的适应性。实验结果表明:在不同浓度NaCl胁迫条件下,转GhABF2基因株系材料(T1、T2)与对照未转基因材料(WT)植株的干鲜重、生理生化指标的变化趋势基本一致,就各性状值的变化来看,转基因植株表现出了明显的抗逆性。随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增加,与对照非转基因植物WT相比,转GhABF2基因材料T1、T2的生物量显著增加;WT、T1、T2的叶绿素含量均随着盐浓度的增加而降低;可溶性糖、丙二醛、脯氨酸,SOD酶活性、POD酶活性均随着盐胁迫浓度的增加而升高;可溶性蛋白含量随着胁迫程度的加重略有下降,但变化趋势不显著。从植株的生长状态、生理生化等性状指标方面来看,转基因植株比对照非转基因植株表现出了更强的抗逆性。     

湖南省马铃薯病毒病发生情况调查

为了解湖南省马铃薯种薯质量和主要病毒病发生情况,2019年-2020年马铃薯秋作和冬作期间,对长沙、益阳、湘潭、澧临等马铃薯生产区的155个马铃薯样品,运用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附检测(DAS-ELISA)技术,筛查6种主要马铃薯病毒,包括马铃薯X病毒Potato virus X(PVX)、马铃薯Y病毒Potato virus Y(PVY)、马铃薯M病毒Potato virus M(PVM)、马铃薯S病毒Potato virus S(PVS)、马铃薯A病毒Potato virus A(PVA)、马铃薯卷叶病毒Potato leaf roll virus(PLRV)。检测结果表明:6种马铃薯病毒病在湖南均有不同程度的发生,单一和两种病毒复合感染植株占比最高,其次是3种病毒复合感染,存在极少数植株复合感染4～5种病毒病情况。在秋作马铃薯中,PVY检出率达到29.41%;PVS和PVA检出率均为27.94%;PVM、PVX、PLRV的检出率分别为20.59%、19.12%、17.65%。在冬作马铃薯中,PVX检出率最高,达到31.03%;其次是PLRV,...