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葫芦科花药培养再生体系和单倍体育种 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)植物包括118个属共825个种,广泛分布于热带和亚热带地区。在我国分布约有130个种,且多为人们所喜爱的瓜类蔬菜,如西瓜(Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.)Matsum.&Nakai.)、甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)、黄瓜(Cucumis sativus.L)扣南瓜(Cucurbita pepo L.)等,它们的复合杂交育种需要有某些具有优良性状的材料,此类材料的制备一般需要经历很长时间的筛选和纯合,利用杂交一代进行花药培养,然后再进行加倍,不但可以获得较多的基因型植株,找到筛选符合目标性状的材料,而且可以大大缩短育种时间,节省人力争物力,花药培养技术为葫芦科育种材料的制备开辟了一条简便快捷的途径。 相似文献
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萝卜花药培养试验 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
1975年 ,Keller从芸薹属 (Brassica)的白菜型油菜 (B .campestris)花药培养中诱导出由小孢子发育而来的胚状体 ,同年Thomas等从甘蓝型油菜 (B .napus)花药培养中诱导出胚状体。 1977年 ,洛阳市农业科学研究所用大白菜石特 1号等 4个品种进行花药培养 ,获得 5个植株。 1989年日本的Sato等人从大白菜花药培养中诱导出胚状体。迄今国内开展十字花科单倍体培养的主要有河南农科院园艺所(大白菜 )、北京蔬菜工程技术中心 (大白菜 )、华中农业大学 (甘蓝型油菜 )等单位 ,武汉市蔬菜所自 1998年开始进行… 相似文献
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葫芦科蔬菜作物单倍体材料创制的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
葫芦科作物单倍体诱导有离体雄核发育和雌核发育两种途径。其中离体雄核发育途径(即花药或花粉培养)创制单倍体较为困难,雌核发育途径中的离体未授粉子房或胚珠培养及辐射花粉授粉技术诱导单倍体有较多成功的报道。本文综述了葫芦科蔬菜作物单倍体创制的研究进展,并简要地展望了应用前景。 相似文献
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辣椒花药培养单倍体育种技术研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
辣椒(Capsicum annuum L)是一种重要的蔬菜作物,起源于中南美洲及墨西哥一带,在世界各地广泛栽培。辣椒花药培养单倍体育种技术是通过花药培养的方式得到单倍体植株,然后采用秋水仙素等进行处理,加倍为双单倍体植株(Double Haploid,简称DH系),从而直接获得纯化的品系。也可将其作为育种过程中的中间材料或亲本的一种育种手段。该技术在育种实践中大大加快了育种速度,显著地提高了选择效果,节省了大量的人力物力,是目前在育种工作中得到广泛应用的生物技术。本文对影响辣椒花药培养的主要因素及DH系的应用等方面进行了概述,旨为辣椒育种和遗传研究提供参考。 相似文献
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This study was set up to investigate the morphological and fruiting characteristics of anther derived triploid papaya and evaluate their usefulness in commercial fruit production and breeding. A commercial diploid dwarf cultivar, ‘Wonder blight’ and 26 anther derived papaya strains were raised in the same green house. Data were collected on their morphological and fruiting characteristics like trunk height, fruiting height and the sizes of leaves, flowers and fruits. The anther derived papaya strains were variable in height and could be classified into dwarf, semi dwarf and tall. All the anther derived papaya strains bore only female flowers and produced fruits parthenocarpically. Parthenocarpic ability was variable among the strains. The dwarf and semi dwarf strains were fewer than the tall strains and they had good bearing and high yield of fruits. Two dwarf strains particularly produced parthenocarpic fruits that weighed an average of 670.0 and 871.3 g, compared to the diploid cultivar, ‘Wonder blight’, whose fruits weighed 696.4 g. The combination of short stature with a high yield of large fruits means that these strains have a lot of potential for exploitation in both breeding and commercial fruit production. 相似文献
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Budi Winarto Nurhayati Ansori Mattjik Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva Agus Purwito Budi Marwoto 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
Anther culture was successfully developed in Anthurium andreanum Linden ex André cv. ‘Tropical’, but resulted in variation in morphology and growth response of regenerants. Ploidy levels varied in different morphological variants. Finding a convenient, rapid, reliable, practical and indirect method to screen and determine anthurium ploidy level is important not only for anthurium, but for ornamentals in general. Regenerants derived from anther culture showing three different ploidy levels (haploids, diploids, triploids) were used in this study. Five indirect methods were used to assess chromosome number: chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells (M1), stomatal length and width ratio (M2), stomatal density (M3), ratio of length and width of leaves (M4), and microspore number per anther (M5). These were compared to chromosome counting as the direct and control method (M6). Through simple regression correlation analysis, when compared to M6, M1 was the most convenient and reliable indirect method to determine the ploidy level. This method was highly and significantly positively correlated to anthurium ploidy level (r = 0.945; p < 0.01). This method could also be applied much faster than the conventional chromosome method. 相似文献
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西瓜花药培养技术研究 总被引:8,自引:5,他引:3
以7种不同基因型西瓜为试材进行离体花药培养,对诱导愈伤组织的条件进行了研究。结果表明,西瓜离体花药在MS+KT1.5mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA1.0mg/L,MS+KT1.5mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA1.5mg/L,MS+KT0.5mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA2.0mg/L等3种培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高,其中野生种331号在MS+KT0.5mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA2.0mg/L培养基上诱导率达到了68.42%。将长势较好的愈伤组织转到MS+三十烷醇2.0mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L培养基上,76%的愈伤组织再生出丛生芽。丛生芽在MS+IBA0.5mg/L的培养基上长出了根,再将其转入1/2MS+IBA0.2mg/L+IAA1.0mg/L培养基上,获得了小植株。 相似文献
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蝴蝶兰若干品种(系)的染色体数和形态分析 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
采用酶解去壁法,对蝴蝶兰属(Phalaenopsis )38个品种(系)进行了染色体观察计数和形态分析。结果表明,供试蝴蝶兰的5个品种中有3个四倍体(2n=4x=76),2个三倍体(2n=3x=57);20个外引品系中有14个四倍体,1个三倍体和5个非整倍体;13个自育品系包括10个四倍体和3个非整倍体。均未见二倍体。不同品种(系)的染色体长度和形态相差较大,存在核型多样性;有21个品种(系)的染色体组全部由小染色体(长度2.5 μm左右)组成,17个品种或品系除了含小染色体外还含有大染色体(长度为5~9.5 μm),染色体大小组成与花色有一定相关性。本文对不同蝴蝶兰品种(系)的染色体倍性、染色体形态及其育性特点进行了分析讨论。 相似文献