农作物秸秆的综合利用

我国是农业大国,农作物秸秆资源丰富,推广农作物秸秆利用技术意义重大.介绍我国农作物秸秆利用技术的现状、内容及发展趋势,分析存在的主要问题,提出相应的对策,为农作物秸秆的综合利用和生态农业的发展提供技术支持.     

秸秆综合利用面临的问题及对策

<正>一、扶风县农作物秸秆综合利用现状扶风县是农业大县,农作物种类多,产量高,秸秆资源丰富,年产农作物秸秆约115.7万吨。近年来,农业部门不断加大工作力度,积极推广农作物秸秆综合利用新技术,突出抓好机械化秸秆还田技术、秸秆堆沤还田技术,示范推广玉米秸秆青贮氨化饲料技术、积极利用秸秆作基料开发新能源、发展农村沼气、生态养殖等,秸秆综合利用工程已全面启动。目前,全县秸秆综合利用的方式和途径主要有以下4种。     

农作物秸秆综合利用技术推广研究

农作物秸秆是当今世界仅次于煤炭、石油和天然气的第四大能源。目前,秸秆综合利用技术是国家重点推广实施的环境保护和资源利用技术,主要有秸秆还田、制造建材与工业用途、秸秆气化及发电等。我国对秸秆的综合利用尚处于初始阶段,需要加大科研力度,加强农作物秸秆综合利用的推广工作,促进农业可持续发展。     

敦化市秸秆综合利用运行模式

敦化市处于半山区，农作物秸秆持续全量还田对农业生产和生态环境的影响凸显,传统秸秆离田打捆又存在作业环节多、运输成本高、经济效益差等问题。为推广秸秆综合利用技术，考察调研了敦化市5个乡镇秸秆处理新机具新技术推广应用情况,分析秸秆综合利用技术的推广制约原因及分析，探讨推广政策，提出了农作物秸秆综合利用的建议,为敦化市探寻秸秆利用新途径提供了借鉴。     

农作物秸秆的综合利用

我国是农业大国,农作物秸秆资源丰富,推广农作物秸秆利用技术意义重大。介绍我国农作物秸秆利用技术的现状、内容及发展趋势,分析存在的主要问题,提出相应的对策,为农作物秸秆的综合利用和生态农业的发展提供技术支持。     

彰武县农作物秸秆肥料化利用技术应用与效益分析

结合辽宁省秸秆综合利用试点县项目,推广以机械化秸秆还田为技术核心的秸秆还田肥料化利用技术具有现实意义。介绍彰武县农作物秸秆肥料化利用现状和主要模式,分析其综合效益,为农作物秸秆资源化综合利用提供借鉴。     

农作物秸秆综合利用现状及对策

农作物秸秆未被充分利用,既浪费资源又造成环境严重污染.世界农业发达国家都特别重视秸秆综合利用,我国这方面工作起步晚但己引起政府高度重视.秸秆综合利用技术包括机械技术和工艺技术,目前推广与发展的主要障碍是施工艺技术和机具问题以及投入问题.因此,要把秸秆综合利用做好,需要政府从财力、物力、人力和技术上给予大力支持,按照市场经济要求,把秸秆综合利用作为一个产业发展,如建立秸秆种菇场、秸秆气化站、秸秆生物制肥厂等,推行企业化管理.     

浅谈农作物秸秆资源的综合利用

农作物秸秆作为一种可再生的生物质能,在我国广大农村中也是重要的能源之一,如何合理利用秸秆这一类生物质能已成为当前研究的热点课题。国务院已将农作物秸秆综合利用列入重点科研项目,要求“开展秸秆综合利用,推进农资节约,推广机械化秸秆还田技术以及秸秆气化、固化成型、发电、养畜技术”。     

推进农作物秸秆综合利用 加快现代农业可持续发展

<正>近年来,小麦、玉米等农作物机械化收获及保护性耕作技术在山东省巨野县得到大面积推广,农民群众对农作物秸秆还田及保护性耕作技术给予了充分肯定和高度评价。实施农作物机械化秸秆还田不仅抢农时,而且大大提高了工效,减轻了劳动强度,避免了秸秆焚烧带来的污染环境问题,同时培肥了地力,增加了土壤有机质含量,对农业增产增收和实现农业可持续发展起到了较大的推动作用。因此,抓好农作物秸秆综合利用,加快保护性耕作发展步伐是推进现代农业发展的重要举措。1.全县农作物秸秆综合利用现状     

农作物秸秆综合利用技术

指出了加强农作物秸秆综合利用具有重要的意义,阐述了农作物秸秆综合利用途径和技术.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。