影响鸡早期骨骼发育的因素

家禽与其它动物相比生长速度快,所以任何异常情况都会很快地综合表现为腿软,腿病因此也就成了导致家禽死亡的主要因素。骨病常常是因发育、营养、环境或疾病感染等因素中的几个因素与生长不适应,干扰骨骼的正常生长发育造成的。本文对近年来鸡腿病的研究报道进行综述,表明鸡品种、生长阶段、营养(钙、磷、钙磷比、微量元素、维生素等)、饲养管理(运动、密度、光照)、中毒、其它传染性疾病等均与腿病的发病率有关。     

Use of a Cortico-Cancellous Bone Graft in the Repair of a Cleft Palate in a Dog

We report the successful use of a cortico-cancellous bone graft to repair a cleft of the secondary palate in a 6-month-old Akita dog. The cleft extended from the incisal papilla to the posterior border of the soft palate. It was 10 mm wide in the hard palate and 16 mm in the soft palate. The cleft was repaired using the "push-back" method with single-pedicled mucoperiosteal flaps to close the cleft in the soft tissues, and a free bone graft from the tibia (cortex with cancellous bone attached) to fill the defect in the hard palate. Two and one-half years after the operation the graft was indistinguishable from surrounding bone on radiographs. Maxillary growth appeared to have progressed normally, resulting in normal occlusion.     

Hereditary Bone and Joint Disease in the Dog

Hereditary Bone and Joint Disease in the Dog Joe Morgan, Alinda Wind & Autumn Davidson Published by Manson Publishing, 2003. Hardback, 328 pages Price £61.00. ISBN 3-87706-548-1     

中草药复方防治肉鸡骨病的研究

为探明中草药复方对肉鸡骨病的防治效果,本研究选用160只1日龄健康科宝肉鸡,随机均分为8组,分别饲养至30和60日龄,由当归、枸杞、山药等8味中草药组成复方制剂,将中草药复方以高（0.6%）、中（0.4%）、低（0.2%）3个剂量组进行治疗试验,同时设置对照组饲喂基础饲粮,分别于30、60日龄时称重,采用生化分析仪检测骨代谢相关血液生化指标维生素D受体（VDR）、骨钙素（OT）、骨保护素（OPG）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）,通过万能试验机进行三点弯曲试验,以弹性模量、屈服强度和最大应力为指标检测胫骨的骨强度,运用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测胸椎、腿软骨组织中骨保护素（OPG）、骨形态发生蛋白-2（BMP-2）、成骨细胞转录因子2（Runx-2）、细胞核因子κB受体活化因子（RANK）、细胞核因子κB受体活化因子配体（RANKL）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）基因mRNA表达量的差异。结果显示,与对照组相比添加复方中草药组试验鸡后体重略增加;60日龄时血清中VDR、OT、OPG、ALP含量显著或极显著提高（P<0.05;P<0.01）;肉鸡的胫骨骨强度指标（弹性模量、屈服强度和最大应力）显著增加（P<0.05）,且弹性模量、屈服强度、最大应力3个指标均表现为30日龄高于60日龄,与血液生化指标相符;复方中草药可显著促进OPG、BMP-2、Runx-2基因表达（P<0.05）,显著抑制TNF-α、RANK、RANKL基因表达（P<0.05）。综合试验结果,兼顾活重和骨强度相关指标,复方中草药高剂量组是改善科宝肉鸡骨骼特性最优配方,且中草药复方通过提高血清中VDR、OT、OPG、ALP含量,调控OPG/RANK/RANKL系统维持骨吸收和骨形成两者动态平衡,促进骨形成的重要通路BMP-2/Smads/Runx-2中BMP-2和Runx-2基因的表达,同时抑制TNF-α基因表达,以达到改善科宝肉鸡骨骼特性,最终有效防治肉鸡的骨病。     

Use of Bone Plate for Treatment of an Open Third Metacarpal Fracture in a Foal

A 7-month-old, 180-kg, female foal was presented with open diaphyseal fracture of the left third metacarpal bone. The fractured limb was stabilized preoperatively with external coaptation. Open reduction and internal fixation were done using 4.5-mm broad dynamic compression plate, which was applied in a neutralization manner. Postoperatively, external support with padded bandage reinforced with gutter splint made of fiber glass was provided. The incisional infection and the contaminated wound on medial aspect of the metacarpal were managed with regular dressing. Complete radiographic union and functional recovery were noticed by 4 months postoperatively. Open diaphyseal fractures can be managed by proper preoperative fracture stabilization, wound management, and fixation methods using bone plate and external coaptation.     

Use of Colostomy to Manage Rectal Disease in Dogs

Objective — The purpose of this study was to develop a diverting colostomy technique for use in dogs.
Study Design — Clinical case series.
Animals — Five client-owned dogs presented for diseases requiring diverting colostomy during treatment.
Methods — Diverting colostomy was performed in five dogs. A ventral approach was used in the first dog and the colon was exteriorized adjacent to the linea alba. The technique used in the next four dogs involved creation of a left flank rod-supported loop colostomy in which the colon was exteriorized through a muscle-separating flank approach to the abdomen.
Results — Peritoneal leakage of fecal material resulted in the perioperative death of the first dog. The flank colostomies were maintained for times ranging from 3.5 weeks to 7 months. No major complications were observed, but skin excoriation occurred occasionally around the stomasites in all dogs.
Conclusion — Diverting colostomy is a technique that is suitable for use in treatment of dogs with obstruction or leakage involving the distal colon or rectum.     

番鸭"新鸭疫"病原中呼肠孤病毒的初步确证

1999年底以来,在浙江省的青壮年番鸭中新爆发了主要表现为食欲下降、咳嗽、流涕、喙和蹼发绀、拉稀、死亡率很高的烈性传染病,病理剖解主要表现为肝脏肿大、质脆,个别病例有不规则的坏死斑;脾肿大、有的病例坏死呈花斑;胰有多量、点状的坏死灶;肠道黏膜常有环状出血灶等。据当地百姓的俗称,笔者暂时把这种疾病定名为番鸭“新鸭疫”。     

Correlation of Plasma Insulin Concentration with Laminitis Score in a Field Study of Equine Cushing's Disease and Equine Metabolic Syndrome

This study aimed to investigate endocrinologic test values and the response to treatment of two commonly encountered causes of endocrinopathic laminitis, equine Cushing's disease (ECD) and equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), in a veterinary practice setting. In particular, the study aimed to determine whether insulin concentration correlated to the severity of clinical laminitis in horses with EMS or ECD. Twenty-five horses were included in the study and assigned to one of three groups: ECD (n = 6), EMS (n = 10), and controls (n = 9). Blood samples were collected at an initial visit and then at regular intervals for the next 12 months. Plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol, and insulin and serum concentrations of glucose and total thyroxine (T4) were obtained. Horses with ECD had significantly higher plasma ACTH concentrations than EMS horses or controls. Horses with EMS and ECD both had significantly higher plasma insulin concentrations than control horses, which was correlated with the Obel grade of laminitis (r = 0.63). After treatment, there was a trend for a reduction in plasma ACTH concentration in horses with ECD. A program of diet and exercise for horses with EMS resulted in reductions in both plasma insulin concentrations and bodyweight, which was variable, depending on the individual. There was a significant correlation between the change in plasma insulin concentration and Obel grade of laminitis (r = 0.69). This study has highlighted the importance of baseline plasma insulin concentration as a potential indicator of the susceptibility of horses to laminitis and the response to a program of diet and exercise.     

Use of the Cobra Head Bone Plate for Distal Long Bone Fractures in Large Animals A Report of Four Cases

Four long bone fractures with a short distal fragment were repaired with a cobra head bone plate alone (2 cattle) or in combination with a straight, broad dynamic compression plate (2 horses). Three fractures were of the distal femur (1 horse, 2 cattle) and one was of the distal radius (1 horse). The long-term outcome of the three femoral fractures was soundness in one case and mild lameness in two. Although satisfactory bone healing progressed in the horse with the radial fracture, laminitis in the contralateral forelimb necessitated euthanasia at week 6.     

口蹄疫疫苗的正确使用

口蹄疫是发生在偶蹄动物中的一种急性、烈性、高度接触性传染病,发病率高,可引起大范围的易感动物感染发病,造成严重的经济损失。世界动物卫生组织（OIE）将之列为A类疫病中第一位烈性传染病,我国农业部也将其列为A类传染病之首。疫苗接种是特异性预防该病的有效手段,如何选择安全有效的口蹄疫疫苗并正确使用,是预防和控制口蹄疫的关键因素之一。     

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Characterization of Neural Differentiation to a Possible Therapeutic Use in Neurodegeneration

Bone marrow derived stromal cells are of mesenchymal origin and precursor cells for skeletal tissue components such as chondroblasts and osteoblasts. Furthermore, under experimental conditions, a differentiation potency into myogenic and neuronal cells could be demonstrated. Because of their multipotency these cells represent a population of non-haematogen stem cells that can be regarded as an alternative to human embryonic stem cells for future autologous cell replacement therapies. For a closer look at the differentiation capacity of these cells, rat and human bone marrow stromal cells were isolated from the femur bone and kept in the cell culture applying different cultivation protocols. In a cultivation medium with a serum content of 20%, the majority of these cells express a variety of neuronal markers such as ß-III Tubulin and NeuN as well as the astrocyte marker GFAP, while a minority of about 20% express the marker for neural precursor cells nestin. Cultivation in a chemically defined serum free medium results in the differentiation of a markedly higher percentage of nestin positive neural precursor-like cells. Using bFGF in combination with B27 these cells can be forced to form three dimensionally organized spheres. In order to elucidate a possible therapeutical potency of the bone marrow derived cells the synthesis of neurotrophic factors such as BDNF and NGF were analysed using the ELISA technique. Furthermore, they can be infected using a third generation adenoviral vector with high efficiency and show migratory activity in vitro . After injection of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells into the lateral ventricle of adult rats they adhere to the ependymocytes and pass the ependymal barrier in order to settle in the subventricular space.     

用DIG－标记核酸探针鉴定传染性法氏囊病病毒

用ＤＩＧ－标记ＩＢＤＶｃＤＮＡ探针进行斑点杂交试验鉴定传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）。实验结果证明，该探针能与试验的１０株ＩＢＤＶ的ＲＮＡ发生限性杂交反应，结果清晰稳定，无非特异性反应。本试验是一种新的敏感的ＩＢＤＶ鉴定方法。