影响鸡早期骨骼发育的因素

家禽与其它动物相比生长速度快,所以任何异常情况都会很快地综合表现为腿软,腿病因此也就成了导致家禽死亡的主要因素。骨病常常是因发育、营养、环境或疾病感染等因素中的几个因素与生长不适应,干扰骨骼的正常生长发育造成的。本文对近年来鸡腿病的研究报道进行综述,表明鸡品种、生长阶段、营养(钙、磷、钙磷比、微量元素、维生素等)、饲养管理(运动、密度、光照)、中毒、其它传染性疾病等均与腿病的发病率有关。     

Use of a Cortico-Cancellous Bone Graft in the Repair of a Cleft Palate in a Dog

We report the successful use of a cortico-cancellous bone graft to repair a cleft of the secondary palate in a 6-month-old Akita dog. The cleft extended from the incisal papilla to the posterior border of the soft palate. It was 10 mm wide in the hard palate and 16 mm in the soft palate. The cleft was repaired using the "push-back" method with single-pedicled mucoperiosteal flaps to close the cleft in the soft tissues, and a free bone graft from the tibia (cortex with cancellous bone attached) to fill the defect in the hard palate. Two and one-half years after the operation the graft was indistinguishable from surrounding bone on radiographs. Maxillary growth appeared to have progressed normally, resulting in normal occlusion.     

Hereditary Bone and Joint Disease in the Dog

Hereditary Bone and Joint Disease in the Dog Joe Morgan, Alinda Wind & Autumn Davidson Published by Manson Publishing, 2003. Hardback, 328 pages Price £61.00. ISBN 3-87706-548-1     

Use of Bone Plate for Treatment of an Open Third Metacarpal Fracture in a Foal

A 7-month-old, 180-kg, female foal was presented with open diaphyseal fracture of the left third metacarpal bone. The fractured limb was stabilized preoperatively with external coaptation. Open reduction and internal fixation were done using 4.5-mm broad dynamic compression plate, which was applied in a neutralization manner. Postoperatively, external support with padded bandage reinforced with gutter splint made of fiber glass was provided. The incisional infection and the contaminated wound on medial aspect of the metacarpal were managed with regular dressing. Complete radiographic union and functional recovery were noticed by 4 months postoperatively. Open diaphyseal fractures can be managed by proper preoperative fracture stabilization, wound management, and fixation methods using bone plate and external coaptation.     

番鸭"新鸭疫"病原中呼肠孤病毒的初步确证

1999年底以来,在浙江省的青壮年番鸭中新爆发了主要表现为食欲下降、咳嗽、流涕、喙和蹼发绀、拉稀、死亡率很高的烈性传染病,病理剖解主要表现为肝脏肿大、质脆,个别病例有不规则的坏死斑;脾肿大、有的病例坏死呈花斑;胰有多量、点状的坏死灶;肠道黏膜常有环状出血灶等。据当地百姓的俗称,笔者暂时把这种疾病定名为番鸭“新鸭疫”。     

鹅饲用鸡肉骨粉的代谢能及常规营养成分代谢率研究

本文以鹅为试验动物,采用直接法和差量法研究鹅饲用鸡肉骨粉的营养价值.试验采用单因素完全随机设计,选取260日龄健康五龙鹅和青农灰鹅各42只(公),各设1个对照组和6个试验组,每组6个重复,试验鹅单笼饲养.对照组采用直接法,饲粮中不添加玉米淀粉;6个试验组采用差量法,分别在饲粮中添加15％、25％、45％、65％、75％、85％的玉米淀粉替代鸡肉骨粉.正试期3d,饲喂试验饲粮,然后排空24 h后,连续3d强饲无氮饲粮,每天强饲100 g,采用全收粪法.结果表明:1)五龙鹅和青农灰鹅品种内6个试验组的真代谢能(TME)及粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、部分氨基酸(AA)代谢率显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)高于对照组;粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)代谢率与对照组相比差异不显著(P＞0.05).2)差量法组间比较结果表明,75％玉米淀粉添加组五龙鹅和青农灰鹅的TME及CP、EE、部分AA代谢率均显著高于其他试验组(P＜0.05),85％玉米淀粉添加组的各项营养成分代谢率显著低于75％玉米淀粉添加组(P＜0.05).CF、NDF、ADF、Ca、P代谢率各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).3)鸡肉骨粉对青农灰鹅TME及CP、部分AA代谢率显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)高于五龙鹅;五龙鹅各组CF代谢率显著高于青农灰鹅(P＜0.05).试验表明,采用差量法测定鸡肉骨粉的鹅营养成分代谢率数据准确性较高,优于直接法,并且以75％玉米淀粉添加比例效果最好;鸡肉骨粉的鹅营养成分代谢率品种间存在一定的差异性.     

Correlation of Plasma Insulin Concentration with Laminitis Score in a Field Study of Equine Cushing's Disease and Equine Metabolic Syndrome

This study aimed to investigate endocrinologic test values and the response to treatment of two commonly encountered causes of endocrinopathic laminitis, equine Cushing's disease (ECD) and equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), in a veterinary practice setting. In particular, the study aimed to determine whether insulin concentration correlated to the severity of clinical laminitis in horses with EMS or ECD. Twenty-five horses were included in the study and assigned to one of three groups: ECD (n = 6), EMS (n = 10), and controls (n = 9). Blood samples were collected at an initial visit and then at regular intervals for the next 12 months. Plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol, and insulin and serum concentrations of glucose and total thyroxine (T4) were obtained. Horses with ECD had significantly higher plasma ACTH concentrations than EMS horses or controls. Horses with EMS and ECD both had significantly higher plasma insulin concentrations than control horses, which was correlated with the Obel grade of laminitis (r = 0.63). After treatment, there was a trend for a reduction in plasma ACTH concentration in horses with ECD. A program of diet and exercise for horses with EMS resulted in reductions in both plasma insulin concentrations and bodyweight, which was variable, depending on the individual. There was a significant correlation between the change in plasma insulin concentration and Obel grade of laminitis (r = 0.69). This study has highlighted the importance of baseline plasma insulin concentration as a potential indicator of the susceptibility of horses to laminitis and the response to a program of diet and exercise.     

Use of the Cobra Head Bone Plate for Distal Long Bone Fractures in Large Animals A Report of Four Cases

Four long bone fractures with a short distal fragment were repaired with a cobra head bone plate alone (2 cattle) or in combination with a straight, broad dynamic compression plate (2 horses). Three fractures were of the distal femur (1 horse, 2 cattle) and one was of the distal radius (1 horse). The long-term outcome of the three femoral fractures was soundness in one case and mild lameness in two. Although satisfactory bone healing progressed in the horse with the radial fracture, laminitis in the contralateral forelimb necessitated euthanasia at week 6.     

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Characterization of Neural Differentiation to a Possible Therapeutic Use in Neurodegeneration

Bone marrow derived stromal cells are of mesenchymal origin and precursor cells for skeletal tissue components such as chondroblasts and osteoblasts. Furthermore, under experimental conditions, a differentiation potency into myogenic and neuronal cells could be demonstrated. Because of their multipotency these cells represent a population of non-haematogen stem cells that can be regarded as an alternative to human embryonic stem cells for future autologous cell replacement therapies. For a closer look at the differentiation capacity of these cells, rat and human bone marrow stromal cells were isolated from the femur bone and kept in the cell culture applying different cultivation protocols. In a cultivation medium with a serum content of 20%, the majority of these cells express a variety of neuronal markers such as ß-III Tubulin and NeuN as well as the astrocyte marker GFAP, while a minority of about 20% express the marker for neural precursor cells nestin. Cultivation in a chemically defined serum free medium results in the differentiation of a markedly higher percentage of nestin positive neural precursor-like cells. Using bFGF in combination with B27 these cells can be forced to form three dimensionally organized spheres. In order to elucidate a possible therapeutical potency of the bone marrow derived cells the synthesis of neurotrophic factors such as BDNF and NGF were analysed using the ELISA technique. Furthermore, they can be infected using a third generation adenoviral vector with high efficiency and show migratory activity in vitro . After injection of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells into the lateral ventricle of adult rats they adhere to the ependymocytes and pass the ependymal barrier in order to settle in the subventricular space.     

用DIG－标记核酸探针鉴定传染性法氏囊病病毒

用ＤＩＧ－标记ＩＢＤＶｃＤＮＡ探针进行斑点杂交试验鉴定传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）。实验结果证明，该探针能与试验的１０株ＩＢＤＶ的ＲＮＡ发生限性杂交反应，结果清晰稳定，无非特异性反应。本试验是一种新的敏感的ＩＢＤＶ鉴定方法。     

11种优良坪用禾草对禾草云斑病抗性的初步研究

１９９７～１９９８年选用１１种坪用禾草品种在自然条件下做了对禾草云斑病的抗性鉴定。结果表明,结缕草、细叶结缕草及狗牙根不发病,表现免疫;高羊茅抗病;草地早熟禾、紫羊茅、黑麦草及匍茎剪股颖发病较重,表现感病。