Antibacterial,antifungal activity of Harpullia petiolaris

The methanol extracts of Harpullia petiolaris, leaves, stem and root barks and heartwoods were fractionated into petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol. All fractions exhibited antibacterial activity.     

A new norhopane from Harpullia arborea

A new norhopane triterpenoid, 3beta-eicosanoyl-6beta-hydroxy-21alphaH-24-norhopan-4(23),22(29)-diene (1), was isolated from the leaves of Harpullia arborea. The structure of the compound was determined by spectroscopic methods.     

Antimicrobial activity of Omalanthus nervosus

The ethanol extracts of Omalanthus nervosus leaves, stem and root barks, were partitioned (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate). In respect to crude extracts, all fractions demonstrated broader spectrum and higher levels of antibacterial activity, ethyl acetate fractions being in all cases the more active. No fraction was active against tested moulds.     

Antimicrobial activity of Michelia champaca

The methanol extracts of leaves, seeds, stem and root barks, stem and root heart-woods of Michelia champaca and the obtained fractions (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol) exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Fractionation drastically enhanced the level of activity particularly in all fractions of the stem bark and dichloromethane fraction of the root bark. Some fractions of the leaves, stem and root barks demonstrated antifungal activity against some of the tested moulds. Liriodenine was the active constituent of the root bark, with a broader and, in some cases, better level of activity as compared to the standard.     

Antimicrobial activity of Bryum argenteum

The antimicrobial activity of Bryum argenteum ethanol extracts was evaluated by microdilution method against four bacterial (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and Staphilococcus aureus) and four fungal species (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium ochrochloron, Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophyes). All the investigated ethanol extracts have been proved to be active against all bacteria and fungi tested.     

Antimicrobial activity of Diospyros anisandra

Leaves, root and stem bark of Diospyros anisandra were screened against two strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one resistant and one susceptible to antibiotics, using the microplate Alamar blue assay test. The lypophylic fractions of the root and bark showed significant inhibitory activity against both strains, with the hexane fraction of the bark showing the strongest activity (MIC 6.25 microg/ml) against the resistant strain and a significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The bioassay-guided purification of the bioactive hexane fraction resulted in the isolation and identification of the naphthoquinone plumbagin as one of the metabolites responsible for the biological activity.     

Antimicrobial activity of Eupatorium ayapana

Petroleum ether and methanolic extracts of leaves of Eupatorium ayapana were tested for their antimicrobial activity. The petroleum ether extract showed higher antibacterial and antifungal activity than the methanolic extract.     

Antimicrobial activity of Ximenia americana

Extracts of the bark, leaves, root and stem of Ximenia americana were tested for their antimicrobial and antifungal activity.     

Antimicrobial activity of Plicosepalus acaciae

The antimicrobial activities of chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Plicosepalus acaciae leaves and stem are reported. In particular, the leaf methanol extract, showing the highest level of activity against the tested standard microorganisms, was effective also against a range of gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates from Sudanese patients.     

Antimicrobial activity of Centaurea diffusa

The methanol soluble fraction of the aqueous extract obtained from the dry heads of Centaurea diffusa demonstrated antimicrobial activity in twelve evaluated microorganisms.     

Antimicrobial activity of Micrechites novoguineensis

The methanol extracts of Micrechites novoguineensis, leaves and stem bark were partitioned (petrol, ethyl acetate, methanol). All obtained fractions showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, while only the leaf ethyl acetate fraction showed activity against moulds.     

Antimicrobial activity of Amomum cannicarpum

The petroleum ether and methanol extracts of rhizomes of Amomum cannicarpum exhibited moderate inhibiting activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. None of the extractives was active against the tested moulds.     

Antimicrobial activity of ten Lycoperdaceae

The 60% methanolic extracts of ten Lycoperdaceae exhibited antimicrobial activity.     

Antimicrobial activity of Castanopsis acuminatissima

The methanol extracts of Castanopsis acuminatissima leaves, stem and root barks were partitioned (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate). Though all of the crude methanolic extracts and obtained fractions from them, showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, in most cases the activity was decreased on fractionation. None was active against tested moulds.     

Antimicrobial activity of Hymenodictyon parvifolium

Methanol extract of the stem bark of Hymenodictyon parvifolium was tested for its antifungal and antibacterial activity. The extract was found to have inhibitory effect against all the pathogens tested.     

Antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata

The antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract, andrographolides and arabinogalactan proteins from Andrographis paniculata were evaluated. The aqueous extract showed significant antimicrobial activity, which may be due to the combined effect of the isolated arabinogalactan proteins and andrographolides.     

Antimicrobial activity of Calophyllum soulattri

The methanol extracts of leaves, root and stem barks of Calophyllum soulattri were partitioned with petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate. The extracts demonstrated a range of antibacterial activity, improved on fractionation. None were found to be active against the moulds.     

Antimicrobial activity of Newtonia hildebrandtii

Successive petroleum ether, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Newtonia hildebrandtii stem bark were tested in vitro for their antifungal and antibacterial activity. The methanol extract was found to be the most effective against the tested pathogens.     

Antimicrobial activity of Pseudognaphalium moritzianum

The antimicrobial activity of ethanol, acetone and aqueous extracts of the aerial parts of Pseudognaphalium moritzianum was evaluated. Ethanol and acetone extracts showed activity against Staphlococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aqueous extract was active against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.     

Antimicrobial activity of Hedychium spicatum

Extracts from rhizomes of Hedychium spicatum were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. Essential oil, petroleum ether and chloroform extracts showed inhibitory activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacterial cultures, including a strain of methicillin and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and fungal cultures.