实时荧光定量PCR对犬乳腺肿瘤组织VEGF-C基因的定量检测研究

运用实时荧光PCR定量检测了38例犬乳腺肿瘤病例(包括15例良性乳腺肿瘤和23例恶性乳腺肿瘤)、4例正常乳腺组织.结果表明:在犬恶性乳腺肿瘤组织中,VEGF-C表达量明显高于良性乳腺肿瘤和正常乳腺组织,两者差异极显著(P<0.001);在伴有淋巴结转移的犬乳腺癌组织中,VEGF-C基因表达量明显高于没有发现转移的乳腺癌组织,两者差异极显著(P<0.01),但VEGF-C的表达量与肿瘤的大小和发病动物年龄无关.由此表明,VEGF-C在犬乳腺癌组织中的表达量远高于其在正常乳腺和良性乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达,且与淋巴结是否发生转移相关,因此VEGF-C有可能作为乳腺癌转移、复发的预测指标之一.     

鼻咽癌高淋巴道转移裸鼠移植瘤的细胞遗传学研究

研究鼻咽癌克隆株ＣＮＥ－２Ｚ－Ｈ５高淋巴道转移裸鼠移植瘤离体培养细胞的细胞遗传学改变并探讨这种改变与肿瘤生物学特性之间的关系。方法染色体Ｇ显带后按人类细胞遗传学国际命名体制进行核型分析。     

直肠癌患者淋巴结转移相关临床病理因素分析

目的：探讨直肠癌淋巴结转移的相关影响因素,为临床治疗提供参考。方法：回顾性分析施行根治性手术治疗直肠癌患者386例的临床资料,采用卡方检验及Logistic多因素回归分析相关临床病理因素与淋巴结转移的关系。结果：直肠癌患者性别及肿瘤位置与淋巴结转移无关（P〉0．05）,而患者年龄（P〈0．05）、肿瘤大小、分化程度、组织类型、肿瘤浸润深度、术前CEA（P〈0．01）与淋巴结转移明显相关;Logistic多因素回归分析得出的与淋巴结转移的相关因素按密切程度依次递减为肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤分化程度。结论：影响直肠癌淋巴结转移的相关因素有年龄、肿瘤大小、分化程度、组织类型、肿瘤浸润深度、术前CEA,其中肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤分化程度为淋巴结转移的主要相关因素。     

奶牛白血病肿瘤器官网状纤维和胶原纤维病理形态学变化的研究

Some tissues and organs were determined histologically in 10 dairy cows with lymphatic leukosis。Reticular fibers in the hyperplasia area of tumor cells changed to varying extent。Reticular fibers enlarged in mild tumors and fragmented and dissoluted in severe tumors，and structure of reticular fibers didn’t chang in the organs without tumor。The normal and paranormal chang of collagenous fbers were observed。     

Regulation of blood and lymphatic vascular separation by signaling proteins SLP-76 and Syk

Lymphatic vessels develop from specialized endothelial cells in preexisting blood vessels, but the molecular signals that regulate this separation are unknown. Here we identify a failure to separate emerging lymphatic vessels from blood vessels in mice lacking the hematopoietic signaling protein SLP-76 or Syk. Blood-lymphatic connections lead to embryonic hemorrhage and arteriovenous shunting. Expression of slp-76 could not be detected in endothelial cells, and blood-filled lymphatics also arose in wild-type mice reconstituted with SLP-76-deficient bone marrow. These studies reveal a hematopoietic signaling pathway required for separation of the two major vascular networks in mammals.     

携带CD自杀基因NDV重组病毒对小鼠肝癌细胞转移模型的治疗效果

采用反向遗传操作技术构建新城疫病毒基因组NP/P位点表达胞嘧啶脱氨酶(Cytosine deaminase,CD)基因弱毒力重组新城疫病毒rClone30-CD和中毒力重组新城疫病毒rAnhinga-CD。MTT检测结果表明,在协同5-氟胞嘧啶(5-Fluorocytosine,5-FC)条件下,两株重组新城疫病毒可在体外有效杀伤人肝癌细胞HepG2。通过Balb/c鼠尾静脉注射小鼠肝癌细胞H22构建小鼠肝癌细胞转移模型,经重组病毒协同5-FC联合治疗,荷瘤小鼠转移肿瘤体积显著缩小、肿瘤组织出现明显凋亡与坏死。体内试验结果表明,中毒力重组新城疫病毒rAnhinga-CD抑瘤效果优于弱毒力重组新城疫病毒r Clone30-CD。     

PTEN、VEGF蛋白表达与犬乳腺肿瘤病理学特征的关系

为探讨犬的乳腺肿瘤组织中PTEN和VEGF蛋白表达与临床病理学特征关系的相关性,采用免疫组织化学SP染色法检测了32例乳腺肿瘤组织及6例正常乳腺组织中上述2种蛋白的表达。结果发现:1)PTEN蛋白在正常乳腺组织和良性乳腺肿瘤高表达率为100%,在恶性乳腺肿瘤组织中的高表达率为67%(8/12),两者比较差异极显著(P<0.01);乳腺肿瘤组织中PTEN蛋白表达与犬的年龄、肿瘤大小无关(P>0.05),而与淋巴结转移、组织学分级有关(P<0.01)。2)VEGF蛋白在正常乳腺组织中高表达率为33.3%(2/6),在乳腺肿瘤组织中高表达率为78%(25/32),两者比较差异极显著(P<0.01);乳腺肿瘤组织中VEGF蛋白表达与患病犬的年龄、肿瘤大小无关(P>0.05),而与淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05)。联合检测PTEN、VEGF表达可作为乳腺癌生物学行为和预后判断的重要指标。     

Frequent mutation of BAP1 in metastasizing uveal melanomas

Metastasis is a defining feature of malignant tumors and is the most common cause of cancer-related death, yet the genetics of metastasis are poorly understood. We used exome capture coupled with massively parallel sequencing to search for metastasis-related mutations in highly metastatic uveal melanomas of the eye. Inactivating somatic mutations were identified in the gene encoding BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) on chromosome 3p21.1 in 26 of 31 (84%) metastasizing tumors, including 15 mutations causing premature protein termination and 5 affecting its ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase domain. One tumor harbored a frameshift mutation that was germline in origin, thus representing a susceptibility allele. These findings implicate loss of BAP1 in uveal melanoma metastasis and suggest that the BAP1 pathway may be a valuable therapeutic target.     

蕨和毛叶蕨对大鼠致瘤作用的实验研究

本文研究结果发现,蕨和毛叶蕨除引起肝、肾和心等实质细胞肿胀外,并具有明显的致瘤能力,其肿瘤发生例数分别为11/20和15/22。蕨在W大鼠引起的肿瘤为:肠道肿瘤(3/10);膀胱肿瘤(6/10)。在S—D大鼠只引起膀胱肿瘤(4/10)而无其它肿瘤。毛叶蕨在W大鼠引起的肿瘤;肠道肿瘤(5/12);膀胱肿瘤(5/12);甲状腺肿瘤(2/12);卵巢肿瘤(1/12);皮下肿瘤(1/12)。在S—D大鼠引起的肿瘤为:肠道肿瘤(3/10);膀胱肿瘤(3/10),肿瘤发生率在蕨和毛叶蕨组间以及大鼠品系之间均无明显统计学差异(P>0.1)。肠道肿瘤主要发生于回肠,往往会导致肠套叠或类套叠变化,但未见有肿瘤转移现象,在20只对照大鼠未见任何肿瘤发生。     

CT扫描肝细胞癌边缘血管与肿瘤转移和预后的关系

目的：采用CT扫描研究肝细胞癌边缘血管和肿瘤发生转移的关系，以探讨预测肝癌发生转移潜在可能性。方法：134例经手术病理证实的肝细胞癌患者，术前全部进行CT常规扫描和动态增强扫描，对肿瘤及其周组织血管计数，并将CT表现与病理结果以及患者随访情况进行比较分析。结果：(1)肿瘤边缘重度强化组发生转移的机会明显高于轻中度强化组；(2)肿瘤边缘出现血管者转移发生率明显高于无血管者；(3)肿瘤边缘强化程度与镜下血管计数呈正相关。结论：可以从肝细胞癌边缘血管、增强程度来判断肿瘤是否发生潜在转移。     

Histocompatibility antigens on murine tumors

Recent advances in tumor immunology suggest that the expression of the histocompatibility antigens, encoded by the major histocompatibility complex, is important in controlling the metastatic growth of certain murine tumors. The anomalous expression of histocompatibility antigens in many neoplasms appears to be associated with the ability of these cells to evade the immune system and progress to metastasis. This review examines some of the underlying molecular and immunobiological interactions that might determine the metastatic outcome of cellular transformation.     

ROS-generating mitochondrial DNA mutations can regulate tumor cell metastasis

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) occur at high frequency in human tumors, but whether these mutations alter tumor cell behavior has been unclear. We used cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) technology to replace the endogenous mtDNA in a mouse tumor cell line that was poorly metastatic with mtDNA from a cell line that was highly metastatic, and vice versa. Using assays of metastasis in mice, we found that the recipient tumor cells acquired the metastatic potential of the transferred mtDNA. The mtDNA conferring high metastatic potential contained G13997A and 13885insC mutations in the gene encoding NADH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6). These mutations produced a deficiency in respiratory complex I activity and were associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pretreatment of the highly metastatic tumor cells with ROS scavengers suppressed their metastatic potential in mice. These results indicate that mtDNA mutations can contribute to tumor progression by enhancing the metastatic potential of tumor cells.     

乳腺良恶性肿瘤患者超声造影定量分析及其意义

目的 探讨超声造影时间-强度曲线定量参数在乳腺良、恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断意义.方法 选取27例乳腺肿瘤患者进行超声造影,应用时间-强度曲线定量技术(伽马系数变值)检测乳腺肿块中心和边缘区域灌注参数(峰值时间、峰值强度、曲线下面积及平均通过时间),比较良、恶性肿瘤不同区域灌注参数的差异.结果 27例经病理检查证实良性13例,恶...     

p73a和血管内皮生长因子-C在子宫内膜癌发生发展过程中的作用

目的探讨p73a和血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)在子宫内膜癌发生发展过程中的作用。方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测正常子宫、增生期子宫、子宫内膜癌组织中p73a、VEGF-C蛋白表达。结果子宫内膜癌组织中p73a、VEGF-C表达阳性率明显高于正常、增生过长、不典型增生子宫内膜(P<0.01或0.05)。p73a表达与临床分期无关(P>0.05),而VEGF-C表达与临床分期、肌层浸润有关(P<0.01或0.05)。子宫内膜癌组织中p73a与VEGF-C表达呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论 p73a、VEGF-C在子宫内膜癌发生、发展中起重要作用,VEGF-C可作为预后判断指标。     

Human endometrial adenocarcinoma transplanted into nude mice: growth regulation by estradiol

A model for studying the growth of primary tumors of human endometrium and its regulation by 17 beta-estradiol has been developed in which ovariectomized nude mice are used as recipients. The receptors for sex steroids are maintained during serial transplantation of the tumor in this system. Although the rate of growth of receptor-negative endometrial tumors transplanted into ovariectomized nude mice is unaffected by the sustained presence or absence of estradiol, the growth of receptor-positive tumors is significantly increased by estradiol. Receptor-positive tumors treated with estradiol produced elevated concentrations of progesterone receptor. That the progesterone receptor is functional in this tumor is evident from the induction of estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase activity upon progestin administration. These findings are consistent with receptor-mediated regulation of growth of endometrial carcinoma.     

腹膜后原发性恶性肿瘤56例的病理与CT对照分析

目的：观察腹膜后原发性恶性肿瘤的CT表现，提高认识和诊断水平。方法：对经手术与病理证实的腹膜后原发性恶性肿瘤56例的CT表现，着重观察肿瘤的形态与密度、对周围结构的浸犯及远处转移．采用病理与CT对照分析。结果：间叶性肿瘤42例(占75．0％)．以实性为主(占55．4％)，部分肿瘤对周围组织有侵犯及远处的转移；神经源性肿瘤8例(占14．3％)，均为单侧．以实性肿块为主(占75．0％)；生殖胚胎来源肿瘤6例(占10．7％)．均为单侧．以囊实混合为主(占66．7％)。结论：腹膜后原发性恶性肿瘤的CT表现类型可以反映其病理改变．对定性诊断有一定的参考价值。     

Gene amplification of c-myc and N-myc in small cell carcinoma of the lung

The relationship of the copy numbers of the c-myc and N-myc oncogenes to tumor formation and progression was studied in small cell carcinoma of the lung. When 96 neoplastic lesions from 45 patients were examined, these lesions could be grouped into three categories: high copy (tumors with greater than 3 copies of the N-myc or c-myc gene per haploid genome), middle copy (1.5 to 3 copies per genome), and normal copy. Fourteen of the patients had middle copy tumors, but this was almost always a result of chromosome duplication rather than the amplification of a small genetic locus. In contrast, five patients had high copy tumors, with the increased copy number in each case due to gene amplification. The amplification did not occur in a heterogeneous fashion within individual patients, since all metastatic lesions from patients with high copy lung tumors were also high copy, while none of 41 metastatic lesions from the other patients were high copy. These data suggest that gene amplification is an important step in neoplastic growth in a subset of patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung and that this genetic event occurs relatively early (before metastasis) in this subset.     

甘肃省动物肿瘤病的发生与动物种属之间的相关性

通过对甘肃省兰州、白银、武威、酒泉、天水等地动物肿瘤病近２０年发生情况调查统计，发现甘肃省动物的一些肿瘤与动物种属有明显的相关性，调查统计涉及的动物有１１种，检出良性肿瘤１６种、恶性肿瘤２３种，检出率最高的肿瘤是鸡马立克氏病。各种动物的好发肿瘤：马属动物－纤维瘤、黑色素瘤、乳头状瘤、纤维肉瘤、恶性黑色素瘤；牛－乳头状瘤、纤维瘤、鳞癌、瞬膜癌；羊－肺腺瘤病、山羊会阴癌；鸡－马立克氏病、淋巴肉瘤；双峰驼－肝脂肪瘤；鱼－骨瘤；猪、兔检出类型少，检出率也较低。值得注意的是上述１３种肿瘤中８种是皮肤肿瘤，并主要发生于大家畜马属动物、牛和羊，这一特点可能与甘肃省地处高原地带，家畜长期遭受紫外线照射密切相关。     

Erratum

In the report "Monoclonal antibodies in the lymphatics: Selective delivery to lymph node metastases of a solid tumor" by J. N. Weinstein et al. (28 Oct., p. 423), figure 2 was printed incorrectly. In the bar graph on the left, the captions under N = 13 and N = 4 were interchanged. The correct figure is printed below. [see figure source pdf.].     

Transmigration of lymph nodes by tumor cells

When either V2, Brown-Pearce, or Walker tumor cells were perfused at low pressure into the afferent lymphatic of popliteal lymph nodes or were injected into the foot pads of rabbits, they rapidly appeared in lymph draining from the node. This finding indicates that lymph nodes are not the effective barrier to dissemination of tumor cells they had previously been assumed to be.