全株甘蔗育肥肉牛试验

利用 1 8头本地黄牛作为供试牛 ,用全株甘蔗作饲料进行了为期 3个月的育肥试验 ,研究了在不同营养水平条件下 (Ⅰ组直接饲喂全株甘蔗而不补料 ,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组则在饲喂甘蔗的同时分别补饲肉牛浓缩料 0 5kg/头·日、肉牛精料补充料 2kg/头·日 )肉牛的增重效果。结果表明 :Ⅱ组的平均日增重达 555g,与Ⅲ组 (561g)相近 ;而对全株甘蔗干物质的采食量明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ组 ,而单位增重的耗料量和饲料成本最低。     

全株甘蔗与全株大麦混合青贮试验

将由于旱灾未能成熟的全株甘蔗与全株大麦铡细,按照1：1的比例混合青贮,并以全株玉米青贮作为对照,待青贮原料封严后45d取样分析营养成分,并饲喂牛只研究其饲用价值。结果发现：全株甘蔗与全株大麦混合青贮制成率为67．58％,制成可饲用率为99．69％,与全株玉米青贮相近;全株甘蔗与全株大麦混合青贮的DM、CP、EE、Ash、CF、Ca、P、NDF和ADF分别为94．16％、9．37％、2．82％、6．98％、19．75％、0．29％、0．17％、34．62％和24．14％,全株玉米青贮则分别为95．27％、4．42％、1．74％、18．22％、4．37％、0．06％、0．05％、55．77％和32．96％;将不能作为榨糖原料的全株甘蔗与全株大麦混合青贮,实现甘蔗产值15000元／hm2。试验表明,全株甘蔗与全株大麦混合青贮技术研究获得成功,为今后甘蔗及其副产物利用提供了技术参考。     

全株甘蔗与全株大麦混合青贮饲养肉牛效果观察

为研究不同青贮饲料饲养肉牛的效果,选择18月龄左右的健康西门塔尔杂交牛40头,随机分成2组,试验组饲喂全株甘蔗与全株大麦混合青贮＋精料,对照组饲喂全株玉米青贮＋精料,进行100d的饲养试验。结果发现：试验组肉牛平均日增重在前、中、后及全期分别为1050、1530、1470和1350g,对照组分别为980、1120、1070和1060g;试验组肉牛在消耗精料2274kg、青贮饲料21298kg的情况下增重1220kg,对照组肉牛在消耗精料2272kg、青贮饲料21326kg的情况下增重950kg;试验组肉牛每头盈利2499．9元,对照组肉牛每头盈利1554．1元。本试验表明,全株甘蔗与全株大麦混合青贮饲养肉牛效果较好,值得推广和应用。     

全株甘蔗＋全株大麦混合青贮技术研究

为探讨全株甘蔗＋全株大麦青贮技术,将由于旱灾不能成熟作为榨糖原料的全株甘蔗和全株大麦铡细混合青贮后饲喂肉牛,青贮成熟45 d后取样分析养分。结果表明：①全株甘蔗＋全株大麦铡细混合青贮制成率67.58%（393.3/582）,制成可饲用率99.69%;②全株玉米青贮的DM 95.27%、CP 4.42%、EE 1.74%、Ash 4.73%、Ca 0.060%、P 0.050%、NDF 55.77%和ADF 32.96%,而全株甘蔗＋全株大麦青贮后的各营养成分分别为94.16%、9.37%、2.82%、6.98%、0.289%、0.166%、34.62%和24.14%;③2012年榨季不能达标榨糖的全株甘蔗收购价250元/t,按照平均产量60 t/hm^2,产值达15 000元/hm^2。全株甘蔗＋全株大麦青贮技术获得成功,为今后甘蔗及其副产物利用提供了技术参考。     

全株甘蔗养牛的经济分析

全株甘蔗用于替代其它饲草贮备解决肉牛干季补饲，在保证甘蔗种植业利益的前提下，可以提高养牛业自身的经济效益。全株甘蔗用于肉牛的短期育肥时，经济上是否可行主要取决于活牛的市场价格、甘蔗收购价和牛肉的饲养方式，当活牛价格高于7元/kg时，以养牛为副业的农户用全株甘蔗搞肉牛的短期育肥在经济上似为可行，其它养牛方式根据云南省近10年来牛价波动情况分析，则基本上不可行。     

云岭牛×德宏黄牛F_1断奶犊牛育肥研究

为研究以全株玉米、甘蔗稍两种当地粗饲料资源育肥云岭牛×德宏黄牛F1断奶犊牛的肥育效果,选择体重相近(始重87.15 kg±12.35 kg)的云岭牛×德宏黄牛F1断奶公犊(平均月龄6.14月龄±1.16月龄)13头进行育肥试验。结果表明:云岭牛×德宏黄牛F1断奶犊牛生长发育较好,增重效果和经济效益显著,试验结束时(13.14月龄±1.17月龄)体重达206.07 kg,全期平均增重118.92 kg,平均日增重566.30 g。每头牛增加毛收入2 973.00元,盈利766.27元。说明利用全株玉米、甘蔗稍育肥云岭牛×德宏黄牛F1断奶犊牛效果好,降低了养牛成本,获得了较好的经济效益。     

对拔节期后的糖用甘蔗的营养价值分析

利用拔节期后的糖用甘蔗，测定了其茎秆、蔗梢、蔗叶的营养成分及其黄牛对其干物质的降解率，并结合同期甘蔗育肥肉牛的效果试验，对甘蔗的营养价值作了综合分析。     

利用鲜甘蔗尾叶肥育肉牛的效果

利用本地资源 ,以鲜甘蔗尾叶加尿素为主要饲料对本地牛进行肥育试验。结果表明 ,以鲜甘蔗尾叶加尿素为主 ,日补以精料 0 .4～ 0 .5kg/头饲喂的牛 ,平均日增重为 0 .5 6 8kg。     

饲用甜高粱与全株玉米青贮饲喂肉牛对比试验

选择品种一致、月龄、体重相近的8头西杂肉牛,随机分成A、B两组,分别饲喂青贮全株玉米和青贮饲用甜高粱进行对比试验。结果表明:青贮全株玉米组牛比青贮甜高粱组日增重高0.09 kg,但两组间无显著性差异(P0.05)。饲用甜高粱用作青贮饲料,营养价值接近于全株玉米青贮,可以替代目前常用的全株玉米青贮用于肉牛养殖。     

饲用甜高粱青贮对肉羊养分利用的影响

为研究饲用甜高粱(Sorghum dochna)和全株玉米(Zea mays)裹包青贮对杜泊羊和小尾寒羊养分利用的影响,本研究选取杜泊羊[(38.0±0.65)kg,♀]、小尾寒羊[(29.8±0.94)kg,♀]各14只,将同一品种试羊按体重相近原则等数分为两组,分别饲喂裹包青贮(玉米青贮或饲用甜高粱青贮);各组自由采食青贮料,所有动物根据体重的1%及0.5%饲喂精料补充料和苜蓿颗粒,日投喂量分两次饲喂。结果显示,1)饲用甜高粱青贮组肉羊的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的表观消化率与玉米青贮组差异不显著(P0.05),除此之外,前者粪氮损失极显著低于后者(P0.01);2)玉米青贮组肉羊的养分摄入量、干物质(dry matter,DM)、有机物(organic matter,OM)的表观消化率显著高于饲用甜高粱青贮组(P0.05)。综合分析,在本研究条件下,饲用甜高粱青贮可以安全地饲喂肉羊,在肉羊育肥中饲用甜高粱青贮比例较高时,应适当降低非蛋白氮的比例、补充可利用的蛋白及可溶性碳水化合物,以此提高氮的利用率。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。