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为了解湖南省规模牛场牛病毒性腹泻、牛传染性鼻气管炎、牛结核病、牛副结核病4种疫病的流行状况,采用ELISA方法,对全省未免疫以上4种疫病的规模牛场开展了血清学调查。结果显示:湖南省规模牛场的牛病毒性腹泻、牛传染性鼻气管炎、牛结核病、牛副结核病的场阳性率分别为51.35%、74.32%、13.64%、22.73%,个体阳性率分别为23.54%、45.45%、3.11%、4.67%。全省14个市州规模牛场均检出牛病毒性腹泻与牛传染性鼻气管炎病原抗体阳性,4个市州检出牛分枝杆菌抗体阳性,7个市州检出副结核分枝杆菌抗体阳性;不同规模牛场4种疫病的抗体阳性率存在一定差异,大规模场偏高;多重感染占比为45.45%。结果表明:牛病毒性腹泻和牛传染性鼻气管炎在湖南省规模牛场流行较为普遍、严重,部分地区还存在牛结核病、牛副结核病流行,而在大规模牛场4种疫病流行更为严重,各规模牛场4种疫病病原的多重感染情况也较为普遍。因此,湖南省规模牛场4种疫病防控形势严峻,需加强防控。本调查为湖南省此类疫病防控提供了数据参考。 相似文献
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[目的]为了解牛副结核病在山东省规模牛场的发病和流行情况。[方法]本研究采用血清学检测方法,抽检山东省25个牛场(13个奶牛场、12个肉牛场)血清样品738份(奶牛血清383份,肉牛血清355份),进行牛副结核病抗体检测。[结果]25个牛场中有12个牛场存在牛副结核病抗体阳性,群体阳性率为48.00%。738份样品中35份为阳性,个体阳性率为4.74%。表明牛副结核病在山东省部分规模化牛场普遍存在。[结论]此次流行病学调查基本摸清山东省部分规模化牛场牛副结核病的感染情况,为今后该病防控提供参考依据。 相似文献
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为了解我国部分省(区)规模化牧场中牛副结核病的流行情况,对2015年采集自内蒙古自治区、黑龙江省、湖北省、四川省、安徽省、江苏省6个省(区)规模化牧场的16 172份奶牛血清样品进行了副结核分枝杆菌抗体检测。结果显示,检测样品的副结核分枝杆菌抗体总阳性率为2.59%,6个省(区)的抗体阳性率分别为:内蒙古自治区2.09%、黑龙江省3.90%、湖北省2.05%、四川省5.23%、安徽省8.00%、江苏省1.22%;不同饲养规模牧场的阳性率分别为:大型牧场2.42%、中型牧场2.01%、小型牧场4.32%,小型牧场的阳性率极显著高于中型牧场(P〈0.01),显著高于大型牧场(P〈0.05)。综上提示,我国安徽省、四川省、黑龙江省等地规模化牧场奶牛的副结核分枝杆菌感染率较高,大型牧场和中型牧场的阳性率低于小型牧场。该次流行病学调查结果可为我国牛副结核病的预防和控制提供参考数据。 相似文献
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《中国牛业科学》2016,(2)
[目的]为了掌握祁连山北麓中部地区牦牛常见病的感染情况。[方法]对祁连山北麓中部地区的牦牛常见病开展了血清学检测。共检测280份血清样品,分别检测了布病、口蹄疫、牛传染性鼻气管炎、弓形虫、牛副结核病的感染抗体。[结果]检出布病阳性样品3份,平均阳性率1.2%;检出口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白3ABC抗体阳性样品31份,平均阳性率11.1%;检出牛传染性鼻气管炎阳性样品14份,平均阳性率5.0%;检出弓形虫抗体阳性样品87份,平均阳性率31.1%;检出牛副结核抗体阳性样品1份,平均阳性率0.4%。[结论]通过血清学检测,初步掌握了5种疫病的感染情况,为科学防控提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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为了解辽宁省牛场副结核病的感染状况,采用ELISA方法对2017年间辽宁省14个地市奶牛场户的860份牛血清样品进行了副结核病抗体检测。结果显示:副结核阳性场占比44.2%,抗体阳性率为5.6%;奶牛场阳性率为5.5%,肉牛场阳性率为5.9%;不同饲养规模牛场的阳性率分别为:大型牛场1.8%、中型牛场7.7%、小型牛场8.6%。小型牛场的阳性率高于大、中型牛场。此次血清学调查采集样品的地理范围较广、样品的采集量较大,基本能够反映辽宁省牛场牛副结核病的感染情况,调查结果可为副结核病的预防和控制提供参考。 相似文献
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1 前言副结核病(paratuberculosis)是古老的传染病之一,自1895年Johne氏描述此病以来,有近百年的历史,此病广泛流行于全世界。1955年,在我国内蒙古一些牧场就有流行,1972—1975年吉林省某牛场发生牛副结核病,1975年吉林省农业大学第一次从病料中分离出牛副结核分枝杆菌。本病主要发生于牛、绵羊、山羊,骆驼和鹿也都能感染。牛副结核病的报道多见,然而,鹿副结核病的报道尚属罕见。1987年以来,在新疆某鹿场的育成鹿群发生了一种以顽固性下痢,进行性消瘦为特征的鹿病, 相似文献
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《中国牛业科学》2016,(1)
[目的]为弄清山东地区规模化牛场三种常见疫病的流行病学特点。[方法]2015年1月到2015年6月从山东省部分地区20个规模化牛场随机采集420份血清样品,包括种牛血清41份、奶牛血清278份、肉牛血清101份,利用ELISA方法检测牛病毒性腹泻、牛传染性鼻气管炎及牛副结核病三种常见疫病抗体水平,20个牛场均未免疫上述三种传染病疫苗。检测[结果]表明,在山东地区牛场中,这三种传染病普遍存在感染,其中病毒性腹泻病毒抗体场阳性率为65%,个体平均阳性率为52.62%;牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒gE抗体场阳性率为55%,个体平均阳性率为23.33%;牛副结核分支杆菌抗体场阳性率为10%,个体平均阳性率为2.14%。[结论]通过本次流行病学调查,进一步了解三种常见传染病在山东地区不同类型牛场的流行情况,对山东地区牛场疫情预测及疫病防控起到一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献