氯前列烯醇与CIDR两种方法对绵羊春季同期发情及受胎效果的观察

将100只小尾寒羊和道寒杂一代母羊随机分为两组,在春季分别用氯前列烯醇和CIDR＋PMSG法进行同期发情处理,并对发情羊及时进行常温人工授精.结果表明：①A组（氯前列烯醇法）与B组（用CIDR＋PMSG法）两种方法比较,同期发情率及情期受胎率均无显著差异（P＞0.05）.②两组处理羊中,小尾寒羊与道寒杂一代的同期发情率、情期受胎率差异不显著（P＞0.05）.③两组处理羊中,1.5～2.5岁与2.5～4岁羊的同期发情率、情期受胎率差异不显著（P＞0.05）.④A组处理羊中：30～40 kg与40～65 kg羊的同期发情率分别为60.00%和86.67%,有显著差异（P＜0.05）,B组处理羊中：30～40 kg与40～65 kg羊的同期发情率分别为72.73%和96.43%,有显著差异（P＜0.05）;两组不同体重羊的情期受胎率差异不显著（P＞0.05）.⑤两种方法比较,不同品种、年龄、体重对同期发情率及情期受胎率均无显著差异（P＞0.05）.     

波尔山羊冻精与同期发情在杂交改良当地山羊中应用的研究

采用不同外源生殖激素的同期处理方法对山丘区牧场的繁殖季节86只空胎当地奶山羊进行同期发情试验。结果表明,含有50mg孕酮阴道栓(CIDR)配合肌注PMSG处理取栓后,24～72h内的同期发情率为95.83%;一次性阴唇注射PGF2α1mL处理后24～72h内的同期发情率为55.26%,两组差异极显著(P<0.01)。利用波尔山羊冻精人工授精,CIDR阴道栓组第一情期受胎率为67.2%;PGF2α组第一情期受胎率为61.9%,两组差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

不同剂量PMSG及输精时间对梅花鹿发情率和受胎率的影响

为了提高梅花鹿人工输精受胎率，充分发挥良种优势，研究选择辽宁地区3个鹿场分别进行同期发情试验、常规(试情)输精试验和定时输精试验，每个鹿场均选择3～8岁、健康、营养状况良好、体型大小一致、繁殖机能正常的经产母鹿90只，随机分为3组，每组30只，其中同期发情试验分为同期组Ⅰ、同期组Ⅱ、同期组Ⅲ,常规(试情)输精试验分为常规组Ⅰ、常规组Ⅱ、常规组Ⅲ,定时输精试验分为定时组Ⅰ、定时组Ⅱ和定时组Ⅲ,通过同期发情试验(CIDR+PMSG方法)探究不同剂量PMSG对母鹿发情率、受胎率和双胎率的影响，通过常规(试情)输精和定时输精试验探究不同输精时间对母鹿受胎率和双胎率的影响。结果表明：在同期发情试验中，母鹿发情率的表现为同期组Ⅲ(86.67%)>同期组Ⅱ(73.33%)>同期组Ⅰ(46.67%),且同期组Ⅱ、Ⅲ的发情率显著高于同期组Ⅰ(P<0.05);受胎率的表现为同期组Ⅱ(81.82%)>同期组Ⅰ(78.57%)>同期组Ⅲ(11.54%),且同期组Ⅰ、Ⅱ的受胎率显著高于同期组Ⅲ(P<0.05);双胎率的表现为同期组Ⅱ(16.67%)>同期组Ⅰ(9.09%...     

高产奶牛孕检后同期发情程序选择的研究

为了研究适用于高产奶牛的同期发情程序方案,将218头膘情良好、子宫和卵巢发育正常的不同胎次荷斯坦牛随机分成两组,试验1组为106头,试验2组为112头,分别采用两种同期程序(0.5.6.8和0.7.8.9)进行处理,测定情期受胎率,用于评价两种同期程序对高产奶牛的适用性。结果表明,试验2组情期受胎率平均为41.96%,显著高于试验1组的平均情期受胎率30.19%(P<0.01);将参与试验的218头牛根据胎次分成1胎组、2胎组和3胎及以上组,分析不同胎次对输精效果的影响,2胎情期受胎率最高为40.68%,与1胎情期受胎率存在显著差异(P<0.05),3胎及以上的情期受胎率最低为28.79%,与2胎、1胎存在极差异显著(P<0.01)。     

同期发情技术在规模化奶牛养殖中的应用

使用律胎素和CIDR+PG对规模化奶牛场产后80天以上不发情母牛进行同期发情处理.结果:1、用药前未对不发情母牛卵巢等状态进行直肠检查,用律胎素和CIDR+PG处理,发情率分别为47.9%和50.0%.二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05),人工授精情期受胎率分别为56.5%和52.9%,二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05),总受胎率27.1%和26.5%.二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05);2、同期发情处理前先对不发情母牛卵巢等状态进行直肠检查.再使用律胎素和CIDR+PG.发情率分别为88.9%和91.7%,二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05),人工授精情期受胎率分别为50.0%和54.5%.二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05),总受胎率分别为44.4%和50.0%,二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05).3、用律胎素和CIDR+PG组合对已知和未知卵巢状态的不发情奶牛进行处理,其发情率分别为89.7%和48.8%,二者之间差异极显著(P<0.01).情期受胎率分别为51.4%和52.5%,二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05),总受胎率分别为46.2%和25.6%,二者之间差异极显著(P<0.01).表明:欲使产后80天以上不发情奶牛达到理想的同期发情和受胎效果.在实施同期发情处理方案以前.应先对不发情母牛的卵巢等状态进行直肠检查,针对卵巢的不同发育状态.选择不同的药物和采取不同的方法.     

氯前列烯醇(PGF2α)不同处理方法对安化本地水牛同期发情效果的研究

为提高母水牛情期受胎率,促进安化县水牛品种改良工作的开展,文章就氯前列烯醇不同处理方式对本地水牛同期发情效果进行了比较研究试验。结果表明:灌注一次PG、注射一次PG、灌注两次PG和注射两次PG的同期发情发情率分别为55.56%、63.64%、60.00%和76.92%,总体受胎率分别为22.22%、27.27%、33.33%和38.46%;一次PG处理组同期发情率为60%,二次PG同期发情率为69.56%,总体受胎率分别为25.00%和34.78%;灌注组的同期发情率同期发情发情率为57.89%,显著高于肌注PG组的57.89%,总体受胎率分别为33.33%和26.32%。利用PG进行滨湖水牛同期发情处理时,子宫内两次灌注法能得到较好的发情率和受胎率。     

寒冷条件下湖羊同期发情及人工授精效果分析

为了研究寒冷条件下湖羊同期发情效果以及受胎率,笔者于2015年1月2日选择了66只成年湖羊进行同期发情处理。本试验采用的氯前列烯醇(PGF2a)颈部肌肉注射,1月15日经试情公羊试情具有明显发情表现的有61只,同期发情率和可用率为92.4%,经人工授精后共计受胎45只,情期受胎率为73.8%。本试验所取得的结果仅为一线畜牧技术人员在实践操作中提供必要的技术支持。     

黑安格斯母牛同期发情与受胎效果研究

宁夏泾源县2016年从澳大利亚引进的黑安格斯母牛群中,部分母牛不发情或发情不明显,导致长期不孕。2017年2-6月期间,对上述母牛进行了同期发情处理和冻配。同期发情方法为氯前列烯醇法和氯前列烯醇戈那瑞林法2种,结果表明,氯前列烯醇法(n=114)的同期发情率为82.42%,情期受胎率为78.72%,后者(n=267)的同期发情率为87.64%,情期受胎率为81.62%。氯前列烯醇戈那瑞林法的同期发情率和情期受胎率均高于氯前列烯醇法。本次试验不仅试验示范应用了规模化肉牛群的同期发情技术,而且解决了大量繁殖母牛的不孕难题,效果显著。     

肉羊腹腔镜冷冻精液输精对受胎率的影响

为了克服子宫颈输精的不足,提高母羊繁殖率,本试验借助腹腔镜技术,采用腹壁穿刺的方法,通过专用输精枪将肉羊细管冷冻精液输入母羊的子宫角内。试验结果表明,母羊同期发情后48~52 h输精,4个试验羊场受胎率分别为73.6%、71.9%、68.5%、32.7%,说明多胎羊受胎率高于单胎羊,年龄与胎次相仿母羊群受胎率高于胎次不清母羊群。在同等饲养条件下自然发情(试情)与同期发情,母羊受胎率分别为61.3%和60.9%,二者受胎率没有差异。     

青海农区藏羊同期发情及适时授精技术试验研究

对219只农区藏羊进行同期发情试验,其结果表明,采用CIDR+PMSG法处理后,农区藏羊72h内的同期发情率达到82%,情期受胎率达到80.00%;采用PG+PG法处理,农区藏羊的72h内农区绵羊的同期发情率达到62.50%,情期受胎率达到60.42%,而对照组中72h内农区绵羊的同期发情率仅为37.04%,情期受胎率仅为37.03%,卡方检验结果表明,与对照组相比,CIDR+PMSG组和PG+PG组与对照组的同期发情率及情期受胎率相比,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.