白眉长臂猿在人工饲养条件下的交配行为

本文记录了白眉臂猿在人工饲养条件下的交配行为,发现其每年9月下旬至翌年2月中旬发情交配,交配时间为上午8:00-8:30和10:50_11:20,交配姿势有面对面,蹲坐式和面对背三种,持续时间10秒-3分钟.交配要求安静,隐蔽的环境.     

饲养金丝猴中应注意的几个问题

金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)是中国特产珍稀动物。10年以前,对其生理生态、生活习性尚缺乏必要的了解,还是一种十分难养的动物,各地因不能满足其饲养要求而造成死亡之事常见。经过近10年来不断研究和认识,虽积累了不少的经验,使金丝猴的存活率有了明显提高,但到目前为止,真正要说饲养好金丝猴还远远谈不上,仍需进一步努力探索提高。现谈点个人的体会和看法,供大家参考。金丝猴在动物园人工饲养的条件下,使野外的生活习性和食性受到很大的制约,这对金丝猴是十分不利的,唯一的好处就是比在野外时安全。尽管金丝猴可逐步适应于这种新的生活环境,但如果在饲养的过     

观察与驯化对养好金丝猴的意义

观察与驯化对养好金丝猴的意义曹永珍（上海动物园）金丝猴群集生活于高海拔的林间，性胆怯．动作敏捷，转人人工环境饲养，常因不适应人工环境而生长不良，繁殖不易，而在人工饲养下产生第二代幼仔的更少。我国经长期的饲养实践，认为认真仔细观察，积极驯化是养好金丝猴...     

笼养金丝猴的异常护仔行为

1998年4月13日,川金丝猴(Pygathrixroxellana)“平平”在陕西周至顺利产下一雄性仔猴.出生重量约500g.发育正常,叫声洪亮.这是陕西在人工饲养条件下繁殖成活的首例子二代川金丝猴.“平平”1989年出生于周至楼观台的省珍稀野生动物抢救饲养研究中心,其父母1987年被捅获于周至县境内的秦岭山区.1997年9月1日,“平平”与1994年捕于太白县的雄猴“朝朝”和雌猴“安安”合笼.“平平”和“安安”均与雄猴交配成功.笼舍面积为8m×4m,内含有2m×8m的阁楼.笼舍三面为水泥墙,一面为铁网,铁网与1m高的水泥台相连.水泥台宽30cm,铁网固定于水泥台中间.     

川金丝猴饲养与繁殖

为探明饲喂树叶对笼养金丝猴的影响,甘肃濒危动物保护中心对人工饲养的川金丝猴进行多年饲养繁殖实践。结果表明,在笼养金丝猴的饲料配方中,不喂食树叶,也可以保证金丝猴正常生长,且个体发育良好,繁殖正常。     

人工饲养川金丝猴流产死产原因调查

对陕西省珍稀野生动物抢救饲养研究中心人工饲养的金丝猴种群中,从 1987 年到2004年间发生的 17 次流产死产进行了相关调查。分析原因发现,老龄雌猴和初产雌猴是发生流产死胎的主要群体,占总调查数的76.47%(13/17)。强烈的环境刺激对金丝猴造成的应激反应是发生流产的重要原因,占35.29%(6/17),难产是造成死胎的重要原因,占25.53%(4/17)。     

一例神农架金丝猴头部脓肿的诊断

神农架金丝猴为我国一级保护动物,做好金丝猴疾病的预防与治疗工作非常重要。论文针对一例神农架笼养金丝猴由于头部脓肿引起死亡的病例开展研究。首先对病变组织进行石蜡切片和HE染色,然后对脓液进行细菌分离鉴定,并对分离纯化的菌株进行药敏试验。结果显示,病变组织为增生的组织,此脓肿是由金黄色葡萄球菌感染而引起的,所分离的金黄色葡萄球菌对恩诺沙星、阿奇霉素、复方新诺明、优孢欣、左氧氟沙星、氨苄西林、头孢唑林、氯霉素、氧氟沙星、头孢哌酮、环丙沙星均敏感,对青霉素、林可霉素耐药。此结果可以为金丝猴疾病的预防与治疗提供参考。     

金丝猴在寒冷地区的饲养与繁殖

本文报道了金丝猴在寒冷地区人工饲养条件下的笼舍设施、饲养环境、性比、饲料组成和饲喂方法。同时，观察描述了金丝猴繁殖期发情、交配、怀孕、产仔等行为。     

川金丝猴在南京地区人工饲养与管理研究

根据川金丝猴在南京市红山森林动物园饲养的笼舍条件、饲养方式、饲料和管理方法等饲养管理情况,并结合川金丝猴的饲养效果,研究在南京地区人工饲养条件下,提高川金丝猴存活率和繁殖率的饲养管理要点,并提出管理建议。     

圈养川金丝猴的繁育管理研究

以福州动物园圈养川金丝猴为研究对象,对福州气候、饲养环境设置、饲养方式、疾病预防控制等方面进行分析研究,旨在提高其存活率和繁殖率,分享饲养管理经验,以供同行间经验交流。     

人工繁育黔金丝猴幼子行为发育研究

黔金丝猴是中国Ⅰ级保护野生动物,为保护这一濒危物种,2013年4月～2014年4月,在北京动物园对2013年4月出生的1只雄性黔金丝猴的行为发育进行了研究.利用行为取样法和连续记录法记录1周岁内婴猴首次出现的行为和婴猴和父亲玩耍的时间以及与母亲接触的时间.结果表明：2日龄有抓网动作且力度不小,脖子能挺立支撑头部,睁大眼睛转头看东西;11日龄能吸吮伸到嘴边的橙子,14日龄能离开母亲自己爬网,64日龄能真正吞咽食物,3月龄时婴猴的行为已基本完善.3月龄后逐渐出现玩耍、梳理、攻击、警戒等行为.雄婴关系与年龄存在正相关,6月龄后基本稳定.幼子和公猴玩耍时间表明2月龄时开始与父亲有少量接触,以后逐渐增加,到6月龄时增加到13.09％,之后一直到周岁,婴儿被父亲完全接纳.和母猴相处时间为头1个月婴猴主要呆在母亲怀里,到3月龄后与母亲相处时间一直稳定维持在20％ ～ 30％的水平上.     

Gonadal Activity in Male and Female Captive Fossas (Cryptoprocta ferox) During the Mating Season

The fossa is an endangered, mongoose-like carnivore species endemic to Madagascar with a breeding season (BS) in the southern hemisphere spring. For the present study, faecal samples of captive fossas were collected for over 1 year for five males and four non-pregnant females, and for two pregnant animals during the reproductive period. The goal was to assess gonadal activity using non-invasive hormone measurements of faecal testosterone (T) and gestagen metabolites using assays previously established in our laboratory and further validated in this study. All study animals were housed in northern hemisphere zoos. In males, the seasonal T metabolite profile revealed a peak in spring (March). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to characterize the faecal hormone metabolite composition. The highest immunoreactivity was detected in the position of dihydrotestosterone, whereas native T was not detected. In the two pregnant females, gestagen metabolite concentrations increased 4–9 days after the initial matings and remained elevated throughout gestation with concentrations dramatically higher than those of the non-pregnant females during the BS. In these females, gestagen metabolite analyses did not reveal a seasonal pattern similar to the males. The HPLC-analysis revealed that the major proportion of immunoreactivity was associated with an unknown metabolite, whereas native progesterone was undetectable. The seasonal hormone pattern of male fossas gives proof of the reproductive seasonality of this species.
The elevated 5α-pregnan-3β-ol-20-one levels in pregnant animals allows for the characterization of pregnancy in the fossa based on analysis of faecal steroid metabolite concentrations.     

Mixed Thymoma in a Young Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

A mass with a diameter of 1.5 cm was found in the thymus of a 4-year and 3-month-old male cynomolgus monkey. Microscopically, the mass consisted of two different patterns of proliferation, dense or fascicular proliferation of elongated spindle cells in a sporadic storiform pattern and dense proliferation of thymic cortex-like lymphoid cells in which the multifocal pale nests resembling the thymic medulla were distributed. In these pale nests, large dendriform cells sometimes forming Hassall's corpuscles were present. The proliferating spindle cells were positive for cytokeratin. The lymphoid cells in the mass were positive for CD3. We concluded that the mass consisted of the neoplastic thymic epithelium with thymocytes proliferation containing medullary differentiation. The mass was diagnosed as a mixed thymoma according to the WHO classification of thymomas in humans. Mixed thymoma is characterized as a mixture of two types of proliferative lesions, spindle-shaped epithelial proliferation and a lymphocyte predominant lesion with or without medullary differentiation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning thymoma in monkeys.     

川金丝猴圈养种群繁殖健康度的比较分析

川金丝猴圈养种群大多饲养在中国的动物园中。根据《川金丝猴国际谱系簿2009》记录,到2009年12月31日种群存活数量227只,包括野外出生个体、圈养出生个体。种群中圈养出生个体数量占主要部分,2009年占80.0%,种群的增加更多地依靠圈养出生个体数量的增加,近年种群发展出现停滞状态,种群的繁殖率下降、死亡率上升。主要是由于圈养出生个体的繁殖率低于野外捕获个体的繁殖率;育龄动物中圈养出生个体的死亡多发生在12 a以前,而野外捕获个体的死亡多发生在13 a以后。1 a以下幼仔的死亡原因与近亲繁殖、世代数、南北饲养地点无关。应该研究川金丝猴野外幼仔的出生、亚成体生长问题,为人工饲养管理提供依据,同时加强妊娠母兽的饲养管理,以解决圈养出生个体低繁殖率和高死亡率的问题,保证圈养种群持续健康发展。     

雄性麋鹿发情期、发情后期及休情期行为研究

对江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区半散养雄性麋鹿发情期、发情后期及休情期三个阶段的行为进行了连续观察。结果显示雄性麋鹿三个阶段各行为频次有明显差异。发惰期休息行为频次明显多于其他两个生理阶段，而摄食行为频次明显少于其他两个生理阶段。发情后期与发情期相比，休息频次减半，性行为明显减少，而运动行为和摄食行为明显增加，特别是摄食行为较发情期有36倍的增长。     

Development of a Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) Model in the Cynomolgus Monkey

Although a T-dependent antibody response (TDAR) assay is generally recommended as the first-line immune function assay in nonclinical immunotoxicity evaluation, second-line assays such as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to measure cell-mediated responses can provide helpful additional information. In this study, male Cynomolgus monkeys were injected intramuscularly either once or twice with 1 mg Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) or twice with a commercially available tetanus vaccine (40 IU tetanus toxoid + 0.06 mg aluminum hydroxide). All animals were subsequently challenged by intradermal injections of the same antigen or aluminum hydroxide after 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Clinical reactions at the injection sites were scored 24, 48 and 72 h post challenge. Skin biopsies were taken on completion of the observation period after each challenge for standard histological examination and immunolabeling using CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD19 (B lymphocytes) and CD68 (macrophages) antibodies. Tetanus toxoid induced stronger clinical reactions than KLH, whereas aluminum hydroxide induced no clinical reaction. Perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates, a histopathological finding consistent with a DTH reaction, were seen after all challenges with tetanus toxoid or KLH, but not with aluminum hydroxide. Immunohistochemistry evidenced the presence of T lymphocytes and macrophages within these infiltrates. These results suggest that tetanus toxoid adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide can induce a consistent DTH response for use as a model of cell-mediated response in Cynomolgus monkeys.     

Subcutaneous Angiolipoma of Abdomen in a Golden Hamster (Mesocrietus auratus)

This is a single case report of an angiolipoma located in the subcutis of a 2-year-old golden hamster. The histological appearance of the tumour resembled that described in other species. The hamster died 1 month following removal of tumour and a necropsy was not performed. This is apparently the first recorded case of angiolipoma in a hamster.     

Male Pseudohermaphroditism in a raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procynoides)

A wild raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procynoides) which died due to a traffic accident on 18 October 2001, and was determined to be 4.5 years old, was examined. Visual appearance of the external genitalia in this animal showed to be female with a large penis-like clitoris protruding from the vulvar juncture. Visual examination of the internal genitalia revealed that the animal possessed both testes and uterus. Histological appearance of the removed gonads showed only Sertoli cells but no spermatogenesis. Using polymerase chain reaction with skin biopsy directed against the sex-determining region on the Y chromosome (SRY) gene, the genomic SRY gene was expressed as a single band and sequenced. Based on these findings, this raccoon dog was diagnosed as male pseudohermaphrodite.