多拉菌素和芬苯咪唑对林麝毛首线虫(鞭虫)的驱虫试验

[目的 ]筛选有效驱虫药物,做好林麝毛首线虫(鞭虫)病的防治。[方法 ]对四川省某林麝养殖场的12只感染毛首线虫的林麝,使用多拉菌素注射液(按0.3 mg/kg体重,肌肉注射1次)和芬苯咪唑粉剂(按10mg/kg体重,每天1次,连喂3天)进行驱虫试验。在投药前1天、投药后7天和14天分别采集其粪便进行鞭虫卵EPG计数,计算虫卵转阴率,评估药效。[结果 ]给药后7天、14天,多拉菌素组的平均虫卵转阴率分别是60.00%(3/5)、80.00%(4/5),芬苯咪唑组的平均虫卵转阴率分别是57.14%(4/7)、28.57%(2/7)。[结论 ]多拉菌素对林麝毛首线虫的驱虫效果较好。     

芬苯达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科绦虫的驱除效力试验

应用芬苯达唑干混悬剂,分别按5,10,20mg/kg体重剂量驱除绵羊裸头科绦虫,并设吡喹酮片剂20mg/kg体重剂量药物对照组和阳性对照组。粪检结果:芬苯达唑干混悬剂5,10,20mg/kg剂量对裸头科绦虫的粪便虫卵(节片)转阴率分别为70.0%、100.0%和100.0%。用药后14d剖检结果:芬苯达唑干混悬剂5mg/kg体重剂量对莫尼茨绦虫、无卵黄腺绦虫的驱虫率分别为70.7%、63.0%;10、20mg/kg体重剂量的驱虫率均达100.0%。结果表明10mg/kg和20mg/kg体重芬苯达唑干混悬剂试验剂量对绵羊裸头科2属绦虫均有效,其中10mg/kg以上剂量驱除绵羊裸头科绦虫高效安全。     

吡喹酮驱除家养林麝感染的四川莫尼茨绦虫

本文描述了为驱除家养林麝的四川莫尼茨绦虫应用吡喹酮15mg/kg,30mg/kg，服药后11-12小时排出虫体，1个月后虫卵转阴率100%。     

盐酸氯苯胍等4种抗球虫药物对林麝球虫的抑杀效果观察

球虫是危害林麝仔麝的一种肠道原虫,筛选有效的抑杀药物是防控圈养林麝球虫病的关键措施之一。对四川省某林麝养殖场内65只感染球虫的林麝使用盐酸氯苯胍片剂(20 mg/kg体重,1次/d,连喂3 d)、百球清(妥曲珠利)口服液(15 mg/kg体重,只喂1次)、地克珠利粉剂(1 mg/kg体重,连喂3 d)、球威(妥曲珠利可溶性粉剂,10 mg/kg体重,连喂3 d)进行抑杀试验。在投药前1天、投药后第7天和第14天采集粪样进行球虫卵囊数量测定,通过计算卵囊减少率评估其抑杀效果。结果表明:给药后7 d、14 d盐酸氯苯胍组的平均卵囊减少率分别为83.12%、80.56%;百球清组的平均卵囊减少率分别为69.16%、62.24%;地克珠利组的平均卵囊减少率分别为96.91%、74.91%;球威组的平均卵囊减少率分别为13.36%、84.68%。驱虫试验结果表明:盐酸氯苯胍和地克珠利对林麝球虫抑杀效果较好,而妥曲珠利(百球清、球威)对林麝球虫抑杀效果较差。     

芬苯达唑微晶体临床药效学试验

本试验以家兔为试验动物,观察芬苯达唑微晶体对动物肠道寄生虫的影响。50只人工感染猪蛔虫的家兔随机分成5组,每组10只,第Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组按体重5 mg/kg、10mg/kg不同剂量的芬苯达唑微晶体对家兔口服饲喂驱虫,同时第Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组按体重10mg/kg芬苯达唑及0.2 mg/kg伊维菌素口服给药作药效对照,并设空白组,分别于用药前3d和用药后5d取粪便进行虫卵计数。结果表明,各剂量组药物对肠道蛔虫虫卵减少率分别为99.6%,100%,98.8%,99.7%,虫卵转阴率分别为100%、100%、90%、90%,芬苯达唑微晶体组对兔肠道寄生虫驱除作用要优于其他用药各组,10 mg/kg体重最佳,表明芬苯达唑微晶体能提高芬苯达唑的驱虫效果,提高其生物利用度。     

米尔贝肟与吡喹酮复合片剂对猫自然感染胃肠道蠕虫的疗效观察

为评价口服米尔贝肟与吡喹酮复合片(Milbermax~?,Novartis Sante Animale)对猫自然感染胃肠道蠕虫的疗效,本研究将治疗前体况相近且粪便虫卵检查为阳性的猫分为Milbermax~?组、药物对照吡喹酮单方组及阳性对照组,每组35只。随后按规定剂量和途径给药,并在给药前1 d和给药后第7天与第14天取粪样用麦克马斯特氏法(McMaster method)计算克粪虫卵数(eggs per gram, EPG),治疗后第15天结束试验,对猫进行安乐死,剖检收集胃肠道蠕虫均按种类和阶段进行鉴定和计数。结果显示Milbermax~?组(米尔贝肟2 mg/kg+吡喹酮5 mg/kg)对华支睾吸虫、棘口吸虫、心形咽口吸虫、曼氏迭宫绦虫、犬复孔绦虫、猫弓首蛔虫和钩虫的驱虫率分别为97.3%、100.0%、99.7%、84.9%、100.0%、100.0%和100.0%,驱净率为53.3%、100.0%、92.3%、75.0%、100.0%、100.0%和100.0%,对毛细线虫的虫卵减少率和转阴率分别为100.0%和90.0%。吡喹酮单方组(5 mg/kg)对华支睾吸虫、棘口吸虫、心形咽口吸虫、曼氏迭宫绦虫和犬复孔绦虫的驱虫率分别为93.2%、100.0%、100.0%、83.0%和100.0%,驱净率为31.3%、100.0%、100.0%、50.0%和100.0%,对毛细线虫无效。受试药物对猫无不良作用。结果表明Milbermax~?以推荐剂量单次口服给药对猫自然感染胃肠道蠕虫更加安全有效,为防治猫只在野外条件下蠕虫感染提供了安全可靠的保障。     

石榴皮驱除犬绦虫试验效果观察

试验主要探讨石榴皮驱除犬绦虫的效果,将体重4~6 kg京巴犬12只分为4组,分别为对照组、低剂量组(0.2 g/kg)、中剂量组(0.6 g/kg)、高剂量组(1.0 g/kg)。以7 d为1个投药周期,把炮制好的石榴皮饲喂病犬,共投喂3次。通过采集粪便,计算出虫卵感染比例及治疗转阴率。结果:低剂量组的转阴率在第7天、第14天分别为38.1%、30.8%,中剂量组的转阴率在第7天、第14天分别为63.2%、80.0%,高剂量组的转阴率在第7天、第14天分别为79.9%、86.9%,可以看出高剂量组的转阴率最高,但临床副作用比较大,综合评定认为:最佳剂量应为0.6 g/kg,以2周为1疗程,7 d投喂1次,可治愈。     

石榴皮驱除犬绦虫试验效果观察

采用云南本地石榴皮,经专门的药品加工机加工成粉末.将12只犬只分为4组,分别为对照组、低剂量组(0.2g/kg)、中剂量组(0.6g/kg)、高剂量组(1g/kg).以7d为一个投药周期,把炮制好的药物饲喂病犬,共投喂3次.通过采集粪便,进行实验室观察,计算出虫卵感染比例及治疗转阴率.试验表明:低剂量组的转阴率在第7天、第14天分别为38.1%、30.8%,中剂量组的转阴率在第7d、第14d分别为63.2%、80%,高剂量组的转阴率在第7天、第14天分别为79.9%、86.9%,可以看出高剂量组的转阴率最高,但临床副作用比较大,综合转阴率随时间的变化趋势,得出最佳剂量应为0.6g/kg,以2周为1疗程,7d投喂1次,就可治愈犬绦虫病.     

阿苯达唑对波尔山羊消化道线虫的药效试验

为了观察阿苯达唑片对波尔山羊消化道线虫的驱除效果,探讨其对波尔山羊线虫病治疗的最佳剂量,将150只波尔山羊随机分成5组,其中设阿苯达唑7.5、15、30 mg/kg作为试验组,同时设左旋咪唑7.5 mg/kg作为药物对照组和阳性对照组,给药前后检查虫卵和虫体,计算虫卵转阴率、虫卵减少率和驱虫率,最后进行统计分析。结果显示,高剂量组和中剂量组的虫卵转阴率、虫卵减少率和驱虫率均显著高于低剂量组和盐酸左旋咪唑片对照组(P0.01),而高剂量组与中剂量组的虫卵转阴率、虫卵减少率和驱虫率差异不显著。15 mg/kg的阿苯达唑片对波尔山羊线虫的驱除效果安全。     

两种驱虫药物驱除羊肝片吸虫的效力试验

应用三氯苯咪唑片剂和氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液,选择6~8月龄自然感染肝片吸虫的绵羊80只进行驱虫试验。结果:(1)三氯苯咪唑片剂5、10、15 mg/kg体重剂量对肝片吸虫的虫卵转阴率、减少率和成虫的驱虫率均达100.0%,对肝片吸虫幼虫的驱虫率分别为93.9%、100.0%和100.0%;(2)氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液5、10、15 mg/kg体重剂量对肝片吸虫的虫卵转阴率分别为60.0%、80.0%和100.0%,减少率分别为89.2%、98.2%和100.0%,对成虫驱虫率均分别为97.9%、100.0%和100.0%,幼虫驱虫率分别为90.7%、94.3%和100.0%;(3)三氯苯咪唑片剂10 mg/kg体重剂量与同剂量对照药物三氯苯咪唑混悬剂的驱虫效果无差异;(4)三氯苯咪唑片剂和氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液3个剂量组试验羊未见异常反应。试验证明,三氯苯咪唑片剂5、10、15 mg/kg体重和氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液10、15 mg/kg体重剂量驱除绵羊肝片吸虫安全高效。驱除绵羊肝片吸虫两种药物的使用剂量,三氯苯咪唑片剂不低于5 mg/kg,氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液不低于10 mg/kg体重。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.