富含硒钴锌的苜蓿青干草在牛羊饲喂中的效果

通过在荷斯坦奶牛和杜泊羊日粮中添加5%高硒型、高硒钴型、高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草,研究3种苜蓿青干草对牛羊饲料转化和生产特点的影响。结果表明,功能型苜蓿青干草能够显著提高牛羊的饲料转化率,其中高硒钴和高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草有利于提高羊和牛的日增重,而高硒型青干草有利于提高荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量。     

优质苜蓿青干草在奶牛生产中应用效果的研究

通过在荷斯坦奶牛饲草中添加5%的高硒型、高硒钴型、高硒钴锌型和普通型苜蓿青干草,研究4种苜蓿青干草对奶牛生长和生产性能的影响.研究结果表明,与普通型苜蓿草干草相比,高硒苜蓿草干草不但能够增加奶牛的体长、胸围和奶牛体重.而且能够提高奶牛日产奶量8.6%,降低料奶比12.17%,提高饲料的转化和利用;高硒钴苜蓿青干草能显著地提高牛奶中乳脂含量的22.15%,高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草能显著地提高牛奶中乳蛋白、乳糖以及非脂固形物含量的9.28%、3.26%和4.69%.在奶业的实际生产中,可根据不同的的需要,在日粮中选择特定的高微量元素苜蓿青干草来添加.     

高微量元素苜蓿青干草在荷斯坦奶牛生产中应用效果的分析

本文在河南省黄河滩区根据荷斯坦奶牛的营养特点,在日粮中分别添加5%的高硒型、高硒钴型、高硒钴锌型和普通型苜蓿青干草,通过单因子对比饲喂试验来研究这4种苜蓿青干草添加后对奶牛生长和生产性能的影响。结果表明:和普通型苜蓿草干草相比,高硒苜蓿草干草不但能够增加奶牛的体长、胸围和奶牛体重,而且能够提高奶牛日产奶量8.6%,降低料奶比12.17%,提高饲料的转化和利用;高硒钴苜蓿青干草能显著地提高牛奶中乳脂含量的22.15%,高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草能显著地提高牛奶中乳蛋白、乳糖以及非脂固形物含量的9.28%、3.26%和4.69%。     

日粮中添加高硒钴锌苜蓿干草对奶牛生产水平的影响

 分别用5%的高硒、高硒钴以及高硒钴锌3种高微量元素苜蓿Medicago sativa替代基础日粮中等量普通苜蓿青干草,研究高微苜蓿对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能的影响,,为提高奶牛的饲料转化率和改善奶的品质提供依据。结果表明：和添加等量的普通苜蓿草干草相比,3种高微量元素苜蓿干草能显著提高奶牛的饲料转化率,影响牛奶的营养含量,并且饲喂安全,无副作用。其中,高硒苜蓿草干草能提高产奶量8.6%(P<0.05),提高饲料转化率13,8%(P<0.05),但显著降低了牛奶中乳脂和乳蛋白的含量;高硒钴和高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草能加强奶牛对饲料的利用,增加日增重,饲料转化率分别提高16.5%(P<0.05)和33.1%(P<0.05)。另外,高硒钴和高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草还能改善牛奶的品质,其中高硒钴苜蓿青干草能提高牛奶中乳脂含量的22.15%(P<0.05),高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草能使奶中乳蛋白、乳糖以及非脂固形物的含量分别提高9.28%(P<0.05)、3.26%和4.69%。因此,在奶牛生产中适当添加高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草,既能能提高奶牛的饲料转化率,又能提高奶的品质,而且安全又效果好,可以在生产中加以推广和利用。     

高微量元素苜蓿青干草在荷斯坦奶牛饲料转化中应用的研究

选择河南省黄河滩区32头荷斯坦奶牛进行日粮添加富含微量元素的苜蓿干草试验,其中对照组8头,在日粮中添加5%的普通型苜蓿青干草,其余奶牛分别在日粮中添加5%的高硒型、高硒钴型、高硒钴锌型青干草。于添加前后6次采样,测定和观察不同处理牛奶中乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖以及非脂固形物SNF(也称非脂干物质)含量的差异,并每天测定牛采食量和产奶量。结果表明:和普通型苜蓿草干草相比,高硒苜蓿干草能够提高奶牛日产奶量8.6%,降低料奶比12.17%,明显地提高了饲料转化率;高硒钴苜蓿青干草能显著地提高牛奶中乳脂含量22.15%;高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草能显著地提高牛奶中乳蛋白、乳糖以及非脂固形物含量9.28%、3.26%和4.69%。     

日粮中添加高微量元素苜蓿青干草对杜泊羊生产性能的影响

通过在杜泊羊的日粮中添加5%～15%的高硒、高硒钴、高硒钴锌以及高硒钴锌铁4种苜蓿Medicago sativa青干草,研究对杜泊羊的采食性能、日增质量和饲料转化等方面的影响。结果表明,和添加普通苜蓿青干草相比,4种苜蓿青干草在添加量为5%～10%的情况下,均能在不同程度上提高羊日增质量,有利于饲料的转化与利用,并且饲喂安全,无副作用。其中添加15%高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草效果最好,日增质量比对照提高了59.4%,饲料转化率（30.72%）比对照提高了59.8%;在日粮中添加10%的高硒钴锌铁苜蓿青干草,效果接近前者,日增质量比对照提高了58.0%,饲料转化率（27.88%）比对照提高了44.7%。     

日粮中添加高微量元素苜蓿干草对杜泊羊生产性能的影响

通过在杜泊羊的日粮中添加高硒、高硒钴、高硒钴锌以及高硒钴锌铁4种苜蓿青干草,研究这4种高微量元素苜蓿青干草在添加量为5%~15%的情况下对羊的采食性能、日增重和饲料的转化等方面的影响。试验结果表明,和添加普通苜蓿青干草相比,4种苜蓿青干草均能在不同程度上提高羊的增重,有利于饲料的转化与利用,并且饲喂安全,无副作用。其中添加15%的高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草效果最好,增重比对照提高了59.4%,料肉比(3.25)比对照降低了37.5%;在日粮中添加10%的高硒(Se)、钴(Co)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)苜蓿青干草,效果接近前者,日增重比对照提高了58.0%,料肉比(3.55)比对照降低了31.7%。     

日粮中添加高微量元素苜蓿干草对杜泊羊生产性能的影响

通过在杜泊羊的日粮中添加高硒、高硒钴、高硒钴锌以及高硒钴锌铁4种苜蓿青干草,研究这4种高微量元素苜蓿青干草在添加量为5%～15%的情况下对羊的采食性能、日增重和饲料的转化等方面的影响.试验结果表明,和添加普通苜蓿青干草相比,4种首蓿青干草均能在不同程度上提高羊的增重,有利于饲料的转化与利用,并且饲喂安全,无副作用.其中添加15%的高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草效果最好,增重比对照提高了59.4%,料内比(3.25)比对照降低了37.5%;在日粮中添加10%的高硒(Se)、钴(Co)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)苜蓿青干革,效果接近前者,日增重比对照提高了58.0%,料肉比(3.55)比对照降低了31.7%.     

日粮中添加高微量元素苜蓿干草对杜泊羊生产性能的影响

通过在杜泊羊的日粮中添加高硒、高硒钴、高硒钴锌以及高硒钴锌铁4种苜蓿青干草,研究这4种高微量元素苜蓿青干草在添加量为5%～15%的情况下对羊的采食性能、日增重和饲料的转化等方面的影响。     

高硒或高硒钴苜蓿青干草对杜泊羊生长和生产性能的调控

选择体重相近、体质外貌相似、生产性能相近、健康的杜泊羊42只,采用单因素对比试验方法,研究在日粮中添加5%～15%高硒或高硒钴苜蓿青干草对杜泊羊生长和生产性能的调控.结果表明,在杜泊羊的日粮中添加高硒或高硒钴苜蓿青干草可以显著地增加杜泊羊的体长、胸围,提高杜泊羊的日增重,促进饲料的转化与利用.其中,添加高硒苜蓿青干草的增重效果好于高硒钴苜蓿青干草,在日粮中添加15%的高硒苜蓿青干草时,杜泊羊增重和饲料转化效率均达到极显著高的水平(P＜0.01),日增重(0.22 kg/d)比对照提高了37.5%,料肉比(4.06)最低,比对照降低了21.9%.     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。