G蛋白偶联受体120研究进展

游离脂肪酸(FFAs)是一种重要能量来源并起到信号分子的作用,外周游离脂肪酸水平升高与糖尿病、肥胖以及脂代谢紊乱紧密相关。G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled re-ceptors,GPCR)是一种含有7个α螺旋的整合膜蛋白,是细胞表面最大的受体超家族。GPR120是一种新发现的游离脂肪酸受体,它直接或者间接参与调节体内一系列代谢过程,如激素分泌、葡萄糖代谢、脂质生成、信号转导等。作为一潜在的治疗多种代谢疾病的药物靶标,GPR120的生理功能及作用的分子机制等都值得进一步研究。     

G蛋白偶联受体120研究进展

游离脂肪酸(FFAs)是一种重要能量来源并起到信号分子的作用,外周游离脂肪酸水平升高与糖尿病、肥胖以及脂代谢紊乱紧密相关.G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled re-ceptors,GPCR)是一种含有7个α螺旋的整合膜蛋白,是细胞表面最大的受体超家族.GPR120是一种新发现的游离脂肪酸受体,它直接或者间接参与调节体内一系列代谢过程,如激素分泌、葡萄糖代谢、脂质生成、信号转导等.作为一潜在的治疗多种代谢疾病的药物靶标,GPR120的生理功能及作用的分子机制等都值得进一步研究.     

Relationship between analytic values and canine obesity

The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between canine body condition and metabolic parameters like serum lipids, blood glucose and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. We selected 127 dogs (42 males and 85 females) that were taken to our veterinary medicine service during routine visits. The mean age was 6.67 +/- 5.24 years. Body condition (BC) was measured by Laflamme scale and dogs were considered as obese when BC score was over 6. The following variables were collected: total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, basal glucose and ALT. 66.1% of the dog cohort were obese. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were found to be higher (p < 0.05) in obese dogs with respect to normal weight dogs. In conclusion, obesity in dogs is associated with higher serum lipid levels.     

A Comparative Study of Serum Biochemistry,Metabolome and Microbiome Parameters of Clinically Healthy,Normal Weight,Overweight, and Obese Companion Dogs

The aim of this study was to compare fecal microbiome, plasma, fecal and urine metabolomes, and serum biochemistry of adult companion dogs according to body condition scores. Blood, serum/plasma, urine, and fecal samples were collected from 66 clinically healthy, adult companion dogs of either normal weight (NW), overweight (OW), or obese dogs (OB). analyses included fecal microbiome analyses via 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon; sequencing, nontargeted plasma, fecal, and urine metabolomics using liquid chromatography/gas chromatography-mass; spectrometry, and serum biochemistry for each dog. Few significant differences in serum biochemistry and fecal microbiome Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) were found between weight groups and there was high OTU variation between individual dogs. NW dogs had higher relative abundance of the genus Eubacterium (log-fold change 4.3, adjusted P value?=?.003) and lower relative abundance of the family Bifidobacteriaceae (log-fold change ?3.6, adjusted P value?=?.02) compared to OB dogs. The microbiome of NW dogs had higher OTU richness compared with OB dogs. Metabolome analysis showed 185 plasma, 37 fecal, and 45 urine metabolites that significantly differed between NW and OW or OB dogs. There were notable significant differences in relative abundance of several plasma phospholipid moieties and fecal volatile fatty acids between weight phenotypes. The combinations of host and gut microbiota and metabolic shifts suggest a pattern that could help detection of early metabolic changes in overweight dogs before the development of obesity related disease. The results of this study support the need for continued investigation into sensitive measures of metabolic aberrancies in overweight dogs.     

脂肪和肥胖相关基因与肥胖关系的研究进展

脂肪和肥胖相关(FTO)基因是最近发现的一个与肥胖相关的基因。全基因组关联分析发现:FTO基因内有许多单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点,这些SNP位点与肥胖的发生密切相关。本文综述了FTO基因的发现、结构和组织表达特征,FTO基因SNP位点与肥胖之间关系,以及FTO基因通过调节摄食来影响肥胖的发生,以期为研究动物的肥胖机制提供一定的参考依据。     

如皋鸡EX-FABP基因遗传多态性及其与肌内脂肪含量的相关分析

以60周龄和自繁后的12周龄的如皋鸡作为试验材料,采用PCR-SSCP技术对细胞外脂肪酸结合蛋白（EX-FABP）基因进行单核苷酸多态性及遗传特异性分析。结果检测到2个SNP突变,分别为4271 G/A、4281 G/A突变,有3种基因型。最小二乘差异显著性检验结果表明,在60周龄时,AA型含量最高,显著高于AB型（P<0.05）;12周龄时,AB型含量最高,BB型最低;60周龄的肌内脂肪含量显著低于12周龄时的含量（P＜0.05）。     

短链脂肪酸受体GPR41、GPR43的信号通路及生理功能

短链脂肪酸（short-chain fatty acids,SCFA）是动物一种重要的能量来源,同时它也是一种重要的信号分子,它的生理功能和作用机制一直以来倍受关注.研究表明,GPR41和GPR43是目前已发现的仅有的2种特异性短链脂肪酸受体.它们可以通过介导短链脂肪酸,通过MAPK的信号通路,在调节机体内脂肪形成和白细胞功能等生理过程以及在动物肠道对营养物质的吸收中发挥重要作用.本文就短链脂肪酸受体GPR41和GPR43的结构、分布、下游信号通路,及其介导SCFA生理功能的最新研究进展进行简要综述.     

阿魏酸对ob/ob小鼠脂肪沉积及腹脂脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验旨在研究阿魏酸对ob/ob小鼠脂肪沉积和腹脂脂肪酸组成的影响。选取5周龄的雄性ob/ob小鼠30只,随机分为3组(n=10),分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、0.25%和0.50%阿魏酸的试验饲粮,试验期9周。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.25%和0.50%的阿魏酸显著降低了ob/ob小鼠的总增重、腹脂率(P0.05),显著降低了血清甘油三酯及肝脏甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平(P0.05),减少了肝脏脂滴积累,显著降低了腹脂中棕榈油酸和油酸的含量(P0.05),显著降低了腹脂中棕榈油酸/棕榈酸和油酸/硬脂酸(P0.05)。由此得出,阿魏酸可以抑制ob/ob小鼠的脂肪沉积,改善其腹脂脂肪酸组成,减重降脂效果明显。     

Skin surface lipids and skin and hair coat condition in dogs fed increased total fat diets containing polyunsaturated fatty acids

It is generally believed that diets containing increased amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) result in improved canine skin and hair coat (SHC). However, the extent to which dietary fat amount and type play a role remains to be systematically investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of both increased dietary fat amount and type on SHC assessments of dogs. Improvements of SHC conditions were investigated after feeding three diets containing increased total dietary fat (i.e. 13% total fat) for 12 weeks in relation to a lower fat acclimation diet (i.e. 9% total fat). The higher fat diets varied in polyunsaturated and saturated fat types and amounts but total fat was kept constant. Skin and hair coat assessments were performed at selected intervals by a trained group of veterinarians and graduate students. In addition, hair lipids were fractionated by thin layer chromatography after extraction of plucked hair samples. Significant improvements were found in hair coat glossiness and softness in all dogs fed the higher fat diets in relation to the acclimation diet. Improvements as a result of fat type were also seen but only at 12 weeks. A parallel finding was a marked increase in hair cholesteryl ester content determined at the end of the study at which time SHC scores were significantly improved. Skin and hair coat condition improvements may thus be related to increased cholesteryl ester deposited on the hair shaft surface when high fat diets are fed. Whereas this finding is preliminary, hair lipid analysis may be a useful, non-invasive technique with which to help assess dietary effects on canine SHC.